Chapter 2 internal environmental analysis

Internal Environmental Analysis

HCAD 5390

Assessing Organizational Ability to Make Strategy

Analyze historical and current financial performance

Review strategic assets – resources and competencies

Breakdown and evaluate the internal value chain

Historical Financial Performance

Sales, market share, and profits Free cash flow External capital sources Capital project hurdle rate Other capital demands Shareholder value

Increasing Shareholder Value

Achieve existing profits with less capital Increase profits with no additional capital Decrease the cost of equity capital Invest more capital in strategic projects that earn

above average rates of return

Current Financial Performance

Balance sheet Operating or income statement Cash flow statement Statement of changes in owners’ equity (for-

profit) or net assets (not-for-profit)

Ratio Analysis of Financial Statements - Liquidity

Current ratio Average collection period Days cash-on-hand, short-term sources Average payment period

Ratio Analysis of Financial Statements - Profitability

Operating margin Total margin Return on net assets

Ratio Analysis of Financial Statements – Operating Efficiency

Total asset turnover Fixed asset turnover Inventory turnover

Ratio Analysis of Financial Statements – Capital Structure

Net assets (or equity) to total assets Long-term debt to net assets (or equity) Debt service coverage

Non-Financial Operating Indicators for a Hospital Organization

Average length of stay Occupancy rate Outpatient revenue as % of total revenue FTE employees per occupied bed

External and Internal Analyses

General

GeneralGeneral

EnvironmentEnvironment

Environm

SocioculturalSociocultural

Global

TechnologicalTechnological

phic Econom

Economic

IndustryIndustryEnvironmentEnvironment

CompetitorCompetitorEnvironmentEnvironment

By studying the external By studying the external environment, firms identify environment, firms identify what they what they might choose to domight choose to do

Opportunities and threatsOpportunities and threats

By studying the internal By studying the internal environment, firms identify environment, firms identify what they what they can docan do

Unique resources, Unique resources, capabilities, and core capabilities, and core competenciescompetencies

(sustainable competitive (sustainable competitive advantage)advantage)

External and Internal Analyses

Value Creation

V=Value to ConsumerP=PriceC=Costs of Production

V-P=Consumer SurplusP-C=Profit Margin

Components ofInternal Analysis

Discovering CoreDiscovering CoreCompetenciesCompetencies

ResourcesResources• TangibleTangible• IntangibleIntangible

CapabilitiesCapabilities

CoreCoreCompetenciesCompetencies

CompetitiveCompetitiveAdvantageAdvantage

Value CreationValue Creation

Four CriteriaFour Criteriaof Sustainableof SustainableAdvantagesAdvantages

• ValuableValuable• RareRare• Costly to ImitateCostly to Imitate• NonsubstitutableNonsubstitutable

ValueValueChainChain

AnalysisAnalysis

• OutsourceOutsource

Challenge of Internal Analysis

How do we effectively manage current core How do we effectively manage current core competencies while simultaneously developing competencies while simultaneously developing new ones?new ones?

How do we assemble bundles of resources, How do we assemble bundles of resources, capabilities and core competencies to create value capabilities and core competencies to create value for customers?for customers?

How do we learn to change rapidly?How do we learn to change rapidly?

Resources are what an Resources are what an organization has to work organization has to work with--its assets--including with--its assets--including its people and the value of its people and the value of its brand nameits brand name

Resources represent inputs into an Resources represent inputs into an organization’s production organization’s production process... such as capital process... such as capital equipment, skills of employees, equipment, skills of employees, brand names, finances and brand names, finances and talented managerstalented managers

Tangible ResourcesTangible Resources• FinancialFinancial• OrganizationalOrganizational• PhysicalPhysical• TechnologicalTechnological

Intangible ResourcesIntangible Resources• HumanHuman• InnovationInnovation• ReputationReputation

Capabilities become important when they are Capabilities become important when they are combined in unique combinations which create core combined in unique combinations which create core competencies which have strategic value and can competencies which have strategic value and can lead to competitive advantagelead to competitive advantage

Capabilities are what an organization does, and Capabilities are what an organization does, and represent the organization’s capacity to deploy represent the organization’s capacity to deploy resources that have been purposely integrated to resources that have been purposely integrated to achieve a desired end stateachieve a desired end state

CoreCoreCompetenciesCompetencies

Core competencies are resources and capabilities that serve as Core competencies are resources and capabilities that serve as a source of competitive advantage over rivalsa source of competitive advantage over rivals

Core competencies distinguish a company competitively and Core competencies distinguish a company competitively and make it distinctivemake it distinctive

McKinsey and Co. recommends using three to four McKinsey and Co. recommends using three to four competencies when framing strategic actionscompetencies when framing strategic actions

Valuable:Valuable: Capabilities that help an organization Capabilities that help an organization neutralize threats or exploit opportunitiesneutralize threats or exploit opportunities

RareRare: Capabilities that are not possessed by many : Capabilities that are not possessed by many othersothers

Costly to imitate:Costly to imitate: capabilities that other organizations capabilities that other organizations cannot develop easily, usually due tocannot develop easily, usually due to

• Unique historical conditions• Causal ambiguity• Social complexity

Nonsubstitutable: capabilities that do not have strategic Nonsubstitutable: capabilities that do not have strategic equivalentsequivalents

• Invisible to competitors• Firm specific knowledge• Trust-based working relationships between

managers and nonmanagerial personnel

Categories of Strategic Resources

Tangible (visible, touchable, measurable) Financial Organizational Physical Technological

Intangible (unseen, amorphous) Human Creative Perceptual

Competencies Leading to Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Valuable to the organization Unique among competitors Difficult or impossible to imitate No substitute competencies

Strategic Uses of Resources and Competencies

Discovery (did not know we had them) Creation (make or acquire new ones) Combination (use them together) Preservation (maintain them) Concentration (use them for the right purpose)

Porter’s Generic Internal Value ChainPorter’s Generic Internal Value Chain

Inbound

Logistics

Operations

Outbound

Logistics

Marketing

Service

ProcurementProcurement

Human Resource ManagementHuman Resource Management

Technology DevelopmentTechnology Development

ProcurementProcurement

SSUUPPPPOORRTT

AACCTTIIVVIITTIIEESS

Primary ActivitiesPrimary ActivitiesPrimary ActivitiesPrimary Activities

ProfitProfit

Margin

Internal Value Chain for a Hospital

Referral and Follow-Up

Discharge Planning, Rehab/

LTC Referral

Tests, Diagnosis, Treatment, and

Referral

ER, Admitting, and Patient Intake

Marketing and Promotion

Facilities, Security, Maintenance, Housekeeping

Clinical, Financial, and Managemant Information Systems (EMR, CPOE)

Human Resource Management, Medical Staff Relations, Nurse Recruiting

Legal, Compliance, Patient Advocacy, Patient Satisfaction

Medical Research, Medical Student Training

Governance, Stakeholder and Public Relations

Financial Management, Payer Contracting, Billing

Risk Management, Case Management, Quality Assurance

SUPPLIERS(Physicians,

CUSTOMERS(Patients, payers,

employers)

After-ServiceAfter-Service

Point-of-ServicePoint-of-Service

Pre-ServicePre-ServiceFirm

Margin Margin

Service ActivitiesService Activities

HospitalHospitalValue ChainValue Chain

How Resources and Competencies Become Competitive advantage

Resources and Competencies↓

are the basis of↓

Individual Activities↓

that can be managed to↓

Reduce Costs or Provide Additional Value↓

in order to gain↓

Competitive Advantage

Chapter 2 internal environmental analysis

Documents

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT UNIT – II Environmental Analysis of a Firm Competition Analysis – Porter’s Five Force Model Internal Analysis of a firm - SWOT

3.internal analysis

Home Health, Medical Equipment and Hospice. Environmental Analysis Internal Environment External Environment Long Term Objectives

Internal Analysis

Internal Analysis Final

AB AMBER GRID CORPORATE STRATEGY Am… · ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 9 2.1. Analysis of the Company's Internal Environment 11 ... , Environmental and Legal Impact Factors 12

Internal space layout and functionality as a major aspect ... · Internal space layout and functionality as a major aspect influencing visual analysis for environmental and urban

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An Analysis of Environmental Management and Sustainability ... · An Analysis of Environmental Management and Sustainability in SMEs . ... developing both internal and external entities

Strategic Plan Analysis This analysis of the Healthy Community Initiative reflects internal and external environmental factors that influence the development of goals . Strengths (internal)

3. internal analysis

Internal Analysis SWOT

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2010 · 2012-02-19 · Progress Toward ISO 14001 Certification Environmental Audits [Internal Environmental Audits] Internal environmental audits are conducted

(Internal Environmental Analysis)¸šท... · 2013-07-06 · (Internal Environmental Analysis) ã¹¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÀÒÂã¹¢Í§Í§¤ ¡ÒÃ ÁÕÇÑµ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤

SWOT Analysis A tool for situational analysis. Environmental factors internal to the organization are classified as Strengths (S) and Weakness (W)

5 internal analysis

Internal & External Analysis

Nike Internal Analysis

Chapter 4 Strategic Planning Process: Internal Environmental Analysis

Internal Draft National Occupational Standards for ... FOR INTERNAL REVIEW ONLY Internal Draft National Occupational Standards for Environmental Employment and Environmental Professional