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Chapter 27The Cold War
1945-1954
The Big ThreeFranklin D. Roosevelt
Winston ChurchillJoseph Stalin
Where did they meet & why?
Yalta
Joseph Stalin*Enter war against Japan*Free Elections*Wanted land between Soviet Union and the West & Asia
Germany divided:4 zones – U.S.
Great BritainSoviet UnionFrance
Harry Truman – “I felt like the moon,stars, and all the planets had fallen on me.”
UnitedNations?UN hoped to settle disputes between nations and prevent future war… ended the League of Nations (WWI)
10 members of the Security Council voted against Libya – 5 sustained (China, Russia, Germany, etc.)
United Nations Approves No-Fly Zone for Libya
0/5 ratingPrint Article
Reported by: Newsroom SolutionsFriday, March 18 2011
The United Nations Security Council has voted to approve a no-fly zone over Libya.
The vote was 10 nations in favor with none opposed.
However, five abstained including Russia, China and Germany.
The resolution was sponsored by the United States, Great Britain, France and Lebanon, who all voted in favor.
The resolution approved yesterday also calls for, quote, "all necessary measures" to protect civilians from assault by the Libyan army.
Dictator Muammar Gaddafi has been waging a punishing military campaign against rebels opposed to his four-decade rule.
After learning of the UN resolution, Libya's foreign minister announced a ceasefire, saying his country is halting military operations against rebels.
Earlier today, Gaddafi said he'd make life hell for any country that attacks his country, remarking quote, "if the world goes crazy, so will we."
Joseph Stalin
Failed to keep promise. Set up Communist Gov.
The Iron Curtain
Churchill – “An Iron Curtain has ascended on Europe .”
Containment???
George Kennan
Truman Doctrine: commitmentto help nationsC:\Documents and Settings\martha.sikes\My Documents\chapter 27\Truman_Doctrine_and_Marshall_Plan.wmv threatened by communism and Soviet expansion.
Truman Doctrine was a commitment to help nations threatened by communism and Soviet expansion.
“It must be the policy of the United States to support free
peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation (conquest)by armed minorities or by outside
pressures.”
President Harry Truman
George Marshall: Marshall PlanEconomic aid to Europe
$13 Billion
Berlin Blockade
Berlin AirliftDay and Night for 10 months….Stalin ended the blockade May 1949
June, 1948…
The Berlin Blockade
Cold WarBoth the U.S. and Soviet Union had nuclear weapons and afraid of a “hot war” that would destroy everything.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationStated, “an armed attack against one or more of the members shall be an attack against all.” (28 countries)
Albania HungaryBelgium IcelandBulgaria LatviaCanada ItalyCroatia LithuaniaChez Republic LuxembourgDenmark NetherlandsEstonia NorwayFrance PolandGermany PortugalGreece RomaniaSpain TurkeySlovakia United StatesUnited Kingdom
Warsaw Pact
Soviets & 8 of their alliances
NSC: National Security Council
(NSC-68) “foster the seeds of destruction within the Soviet Union.”
China…Civil war takes place and communist leader Mao Zedong wins…China becomes:
The People’s Republic of China
Philippines gained their independence in 1946 from the U.S.
Jews and the Arabs both claimed Palestine, the area previously controlled by the British. In 1947 the U.N. divided Palestine. The new Jewish state was calledIsrael.
Section 2Postwar Politics
Economy?*Inflation – rise in prices*railroad strike- total shutdown (president threatened to draft them into the army
GI Bill1944 – after WW IILoans: *education*start new business*special training*health benefits
Government issued
National Security Act: 1947Unified the army, navy, marines, and air force under the Department of Defense
CIA: Central Intelligence Agency
Aids American foreign policy by collecting information about what is going on in other countries, evaluating it, and passing it on to the president and other foreign-policy decision makers.
Truman traveled over 30,000 miles by train on a “whistle-stop” tour.
Harry Truman wins a second term against Thomas Dewey 1948
Truman took a stand on civil rights…..ordered the armed forces to desegregate…. to end the separation of races.
Section 3:The Korean War
JapanKorea
capital of Korea - Seoul
North Korea invades South Korea and the UN agrees to send a special force into the region. Sept. 1950
38th Parallel
3 miles wide/160 miles longThe most heavily militarized zone in the world.
“Korea is the Greece of the Far East. If we are tough enough now, if we stand up to them like we did in Greece 3 years ago, they won’t take any next steps.” Truman
KoreanWar
June 30, 1950 Forces are sent
DouglasMacArthur
North Korean forces had pushed all the way to the southern trip of the Korean Peninsula.
MacArthur and the UN forces land near the port of Inchon and continue to recapture Seoul. American and UN troops begin pushing north from Pusan.
North Korea forced to retreat across the 38th Parallel.
June 1950
MacArthur assures Truman that China nor the Soviet Union will help North Korea.
The UN approves to continue with the invasion of North Korea and create “a unified, independent and democratic Korea.”
UN capture the capital of North Korea, Pyongyang and move toward the Yalta River
China threatens to send their armies to support
North Korea
Truman & MacArthur think China is bluffing…
China begins their invasion &assistingof North
Korea and pushes the UN forces across the 38th Parallel and recapturing Seoul. October 1950
January, 1951UN begins a massive counteroffensive retaking Seoul and beginning a stalemate lasting for 2 years.
MacArthur believes the UN should attack China, but President Truman believes it will lead to a larger war.MacArthur sends a letter to a member of Congress…“We must win, there is no substitute for victory.”
MacArthur is relieved from his duties by President Truman (April 11, 1951)
MacArthur receives a hero’s welcome stating…..
“Old soldiers never die they just fade away.”
A cease fire agreement was signed creating a…….
demilitarized zone
54,000 Americans died and another 103,000 were wounded.Nearly 2 million Koreans lost their lives.
Washington, D.C./Korea Memorial
“America’s involvement in the Korean War sent a clear
message to the Soviet Union. The U.S. was committed to
fighting Communist expansion with money,
arms and even lives.”
The Red Scare……..
The fear of communism taking over the world. Massive hunt to uncover them in the U.S.
Julius & EthelRosenbergs
Guilty –passing info. of atomic bomb---to soviets—executed--- electric chair
McCarthism
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