Allied PowersAllied PowersAllied PowersAllied Powers

• Great BritainGreat Britain– Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

• U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.– Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

• FranceFrance– Charles De GaulleCharles De Gaulle

• United StatesUnited States– FDRFDR

Axis PowersAxis PowersAxis PowersAxis Powers

• GermanyGermany– Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

• ItalyItaly– Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

• JapanJapan– Emperor HirohitoEmperor Hirohito– Hideki TojoHideki Tojo

• ArmyArmy

– Isoroko Yamamoto Isoroko Yamamoto • NavyNavy

Causes of WWIICauses of WWIICauses of WWIICauses of WWII• Versailles Treaty

– Terms causes resentment & anger

• Rise of Dictatorships– Promises of better life & ultra-nationalism

• U.S. Stance– Isolationism / neutrality

• Axis Expansion– Aggression & imperialism

• Failure of Appeasement

The Phony WarThe Phony WarThe Phony WarThe Phony War

• Quiet period after Germany invaded Poland

• Watch each other at Maginot Line - system of defense

–Along border of France and Germany

France – False Sense of Security?France – False Sense of Security?

The MaginotThe MaginotLineLine

France – False Sense of Security?France – False Sense of Security?

BlitzkriegBlitzkriegBlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

• lightning war–New form of warfare–Used coordinated attacks on

one part of enemy line• Use of air force, tanks, artillery, infantry

April & May 1940April & May 1940April & May 1940April & May 1940

• Germany launched blitzkrieg in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France (all were overwhelmed)

• G.B. and France retreat to coast (Dunkirk)

Rescue at DunkirkRescue at DunkirkRescue at DunkirkRescue at Dunkirk

• Largest water rescue in history

• 900 vessels were assembled (tugboats - yachts)

• 340,000 soldiers retreated across English Channel

Dunkirk EvacuatedDunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940June 4, 1940

Dunkirk EvacuatedDunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940June 4, 1940

France SurrendersFrance SurrendersJune, 1940June, 1940

France SurrendersFrance SurrendersJune, 1940June, 1940

A Divided FranceA Divided FranceA Divided FranceA Divided France

Henri Petain

The French ResistanceThe French ResistanceThe French ResistanceThe French Resistance

The Free French

General Charles De GaulleThe Maquis

Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942

Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!

LuftwaffeLuftwaffeLuftwaffeLuftwaffe

• German Air Force

• Tried to attack Britain by bombing her (1000 planes per day)

RAFRAFRAFRAF

• Royal Air Force

• Outnumbered, but very courageous (invention of radar helped RAF)

Battle of Britain:Battle of Britain: The The ““BlitzBlitz””

Battle of Britain:Battle of Britain: The The ““BlitzBlitz””

Battle of Britan:Battle of Britan:The “The “BlitzBlitz””Battle of Britan:Battle of Britan:The “The “BlitzBlitz””

The London “Tube”:The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the Air Raid Shelters during the BlitzBlitz

The London “Tube”:The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the Air Raid Shelters during the BlitzBlitz

The Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air Force

Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union..........................$11 billionFrance..................................$3 billionChina..................................$1.5 billionOther European......................$500 millionSouth America.......................$400 million

The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,U. S. Lend-Lease Act,19411941

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,U. S. Lend-Lease Act,19411941

Lend-LeaseLend-LeaseLend-LeaseLend-Lease

British Prime Minister British Prime Minister Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

British Prime Minister British Prime Minister Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and

Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941.

Solidifies alliance.

Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points.

Calls for League of Nations type organization.