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Chapter 3Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial America
The New England Way
Puritan’s Great Migration◦ Puritanism? Whats it about
A City Upon a Hill◦ Charles I Elimination of Puritanism in England
Results
Massachusetts Bay vs. Plymouth◦ Similarities◦ Differences
John Winthrop
Pequot War – Massacre at Mystic
Read Massacre at Mystic
Read in groups of 3, and answer questions that go with the reading
Please do not write on the reading as I only have a class set.
Class discussion!
Massachusetts Bay Company
John Winthrop◦ A Model of Christian Charity Utopia
◦ First winter in Boston Native Americans
◦ Disease Epidemic 1 Epidemic 2
◦ Pequot War, 1637 Connecticut established 1635 Tensions escalate Mystic, CT
Dissent and Orthodoxy◦ New England Way
Means of establishing Orthodoxy◦ Education
Schools for children
Harvard…properly trained ministers
◦ Government
Church free of state control
MA Bay, cooperation between church and state
Roger Williams
Challenges to the New England Way
Roger Williams◦ Civil govt should not be involved in religious matters◦ Banished◦ Founds Rhode Island
Ann Hutchinson◦ Followers called Antinomians◦ Tried for heresy◦ Settled in Rhode Island
Antinomians Defeat: effect◦ Leads to new restrictions on women
Self Interests◦ Most fundamental threat◦ Govt tried to control prices so people wouldn’t suffer Robert Keayne
Control of Congregation◦ Male “saints” Chose mister, elected board of elders, decided who should be
“saints”
◦ Suffrage for every adult male “saint”
◦ Bicameral General Court
◦ Women exchange goods and advice (and news) Mary Rolfe
New England Family◦ Nuclear Family foundation for society
◦ Married by Justice of Peace
◦ Permitted divorce 27
◦ Healthy family
Women◦ Protected from abuse
◦ No property rights
Environment and life expectancy◦ Lower death rates
Roles◦ Women Children
House, barn, garden, making food and clothing
◦ Men Managed families crops and livestock, conducted business
transactions, represented it in government
◦ Children Labor
Parents provided them with acreage for farming
Half-Way Covenant◦ Holy contract with God obliging them to implement godly
rule Issues with 2nd generation not joining the elect
Many children would remain unbaptized
◦ Covenant would allow all children of baptized parents to be baptized
Anne Hutchinson
New England Society
Metacom aka King Philip
Expansion and Native Americans
Farmers building out farther Fur trade King Phillips War
◦ Metacom (King Phillip)◦ Several Wampanoags were shot while stealing from farmhouse
◦ 2/3 of Native Americans in NE rallied around Metacom
◦ Mohawk of NY and many Christian Indians joined English
◦ English and allies destroy enemies◦ Effects: indian population reduced by 40% in Southern NE and eliminated resistance to white expansion Deepened english hostility toward ALL native
americans
Salem Witch Trials
Salem Witch Trials
Eastern Salem=richer soil and benefited from Salem’s commercial expansion
Western Salem=less fertile soil did not share prosperity and lost political influence
Witchcraft hysteria, 1691◦ Several girls, encouraged African slave Tituba to tell them their fortunes
◦ Trials and punishment◦ Governor Phips
Chesapeake Society
Society divided between wealthy whites, indentured servants, black slaves, and poor whites
Indentured servants: Came to America under contract to work for another for a period of time (generally 4-7 years)
Government in VA◦ House of Burgesses ◦ Governors council
Lord Baltimore - Maryland
Maryland
Land Grant to Lord Baltimore◦ North of Potomac and east of Chesapeake Bay
Haven for Catholics Maryland Act of Toleration
◦ 2nd colony to affirm liberty of worship◦ Did not protect non-chirstians
Economics◦ Tobacco MD, VA, and NC depend on price of Tobacco
Prices drop in 1629
1660, drop to 1 cent a pound
Tobacco
Bacon’s Rebellion (1675-1676)
Bacon’s Rebellion
Tensions between natives and settlers expanding
Governor, Lord Baltimore, and others held fur trade monopolies with frontier natives◦ Results: settler resentments against the governor became fused with those against indians
Governor wanted to collect more taxes to build forts on frontier◦ Results: Small farmers preferred the less costly solution of waging war of extermination Turned to Bacon
Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon’s Rebellion◦ 300 elect him to lead them against natives
◦ Definition of enemies
◦ Plunder enemies
◦ Berkeley changed his mind, but Bacon wouldn’t back down
◦ Colonists win
◦ Bacon Dies
◦ Results
Slave Trade
The Middle Passage
Slavery
Replaced indentured servitude◦ Difficult to import white laborers
◦ Rise of direct trade in slaves
◦ Middle Passage: Africa to new world, 300-400 packed in tiny area
◦ Result
Sugar and Slaves: The West Indies◦ Alternative to growing tobacco
◦ Dutch
◦ Slaves preferred labor force
The Carolinas
North Carolina South Carolina
Rice and Slaves: Carolina
Anthony Ashley Cooper…land grants◦ John Locke
Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
Rice◦ Cash Crop
◦ Slaves
Familiar with rice cultivation
Immunities
Dutch – New Netherland
New Netherland
First multiethnic colony Beaver Wars
◦ Iroquois vs. French allies (Hurons, etc)
New Sweden, Delaware Valley◦ Traded with Delaware (Lenni Lenape) and Susquehannock, furs that would have gone to New Netherland
◦ 1655, annexed by Dutch
Historical Significance: New Netherland had population of 9000 by the time the English take over◦ New Sweden gave us the log cabin
New York and New Jersey
James, Duke of York
Berkeley + Carteret
New York and New Jersey
English conquests!
Charles II Defeats Dutch and takes New Netherland◦ Gives to his brother the Duke of York (James)
Rename New York
New Jersey given to William Penn, John Berkeley, and Sir Phillip Carteret◦ Sold to Quakers
William Penn - Pennsylvania
Quaker Pennsylvania
William Penn◦ 2 aims Launch a “holy experiment”
Profit
◦ Quakerism George Fox, founder
◦ Holy spirit could inspire every soul
◦ Beliefs
◦ Capital of Philadelphia
◦ Government
◦ Tolerance helped to reduce problems with natives
New France
New France
Canada
Mercantilism
1/5 of population were Voyageurs or courers de bois
Wanted to dominate North America
Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette
La Salle and Louis XIV
Spain
Pope and the Pueblo Revolt◦ Frustrated by intolerance of Spanish
◦ Attacked Spanish village, killed all but 2 Siege of Santa Fe
Led to expulsion of spanish for 12 yrs
Reconqured in 1692
Result
Florida and Texas◦ Florida threatened by English expansion
◦ Texas founded
New World by 1700
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