Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter ► Engage: What’s Shocking Engage: What’s Shocking...

Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of MatterMatter

► Engage: What’s Shocking► Explore: Particular Properties► Explain: The Solution to Solutions

Part I:Different Charges Part II: Paper Charges Part III: Bending the Rules Part IV: Resolving Dissolving

► Explain: Charge Those Particles Part I: Getting Charged Part II: Ionization vs. DissociationPart II: Ionization vs. Dissociation Part III: Sharing ElectronsPart III: Sharing Electrons

Entry TaskEntry Task►New Seating Chart!.New Seating Chart!.

ENGAGE:ENGAGE:What’s Shocking?What’s Shocking?

Learning TargetLearning TargetI can observe how different solutions conduct electricity.I can observe how different solutions conduct electricity.

Class Work Pgs. 102-104

Process & Procedure: #1-3, 6-8Process & Procedure: #1-3, 6-8

Reflect & Connect: #1-4Reflect & Connect: #1-4 Use IQIAUse IQIA Complete SentencesComplete Sentences Provide examples from activityProvide examples from activity Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter (#3)Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter (#3)

REVIEW & TURN INREVIEW & TURN IN

EXPLORE:EXPLORE:Particular PropertiesParticular Properties

Learning TargetLearning TargetI can group common substances I can group common substances

according to their physical properties.according to their physical properties.

VocabularyVocabulary

►PROPERTIES:PROPERTIES: information about a information about a substance that describes it and helps substance that describes it and helps identify itidentify it

►SOLUBILITY:SOLUBILITY: the ability of a the ability of a substance or material to be dissolvedsubstance or material to be dissolved

►HARDNESS:HARDNESS: a measure of how easily a a measure of how easily a material or substance can be scratchedmaterial or substance can be scratched

►MELTING POINT:MELTING POINT: the temperature the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquidat which a solid becomes a liquid

Class Work Class Work Pgs. 104-108Pgs. 104-108

► Process & Procedure: #2, 5Process & Procedure: #2, 5► Reflect & Connect: #1-4Reflect & Connect: #1-4

Use IQIAUse IQIA Complete SentencesComplete Sentences Provide examples from activityProvide examples from activity Accurately fill place the new substances in the Accurately fill place the new substances in the

proper categories (#2)proper categories (#2) Accurately place water, isopropyl alcohol, and Accurately place water, isopropyl alcohol, and

baby oil in the correct categoriesbaby oil in the correct categories

REVIEW & TURN INREVIEW & TURN IN

Compound Appearance Hardness Conductivity(as solid)

Solubility in Water

Conductivity (as liquid or solution)

MeltingPoint

Aspirin No Weak

Cornstarch No Weak

Deicer No Strong

Epsom Salt No Strong

Paraffin Wax No N/A

Sugar No Weak

Table Salt No Strong

Vitamin C No Weak

Compound Appearance Hardness Conductivity(as solid)

Solubility in Water

Conductivity(as liquid or solution)

MeltingPoint

Aspirin White, Powder

Soft No Partially Weak Low

Cornstarch White, Powder

Soft No Partially Weak Low

Deicer White, Crystals

Hard, Brittle No Yes Strong High

Epsom Salt White, Crystals

Hard, Brittle No Yes Strong High

Paraffin Wax Gray, Greasy Soft No No N/A Low

Sugar White, Crystals

Hard, Brittle No Yes Weak Medium

Table Salt White, Crystals

Hard, Brittle No Yes Strong High

Vitamin C White, Powder

Soft No Partially Weak Low

Strong Conductors (in solution)

Material Common Properties

Deicer Strong conductors

Epsom Salt Soluble in Water

Table Salt High melting temperature

Do not conduct as solid

Crystals

Hard

Weak/Non Conductors (in solution)

Material Common Properties

Aspirin Weak conductors

Cornstarch Soluble or not in Water

Paraffin Low melting temperature

Sugar Do not conduct as solid

Vitamin C Powdery

Soft

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to

SolutionsSolutions(PART ONE—Different Charges)(PART ONE—Different Charges)

Pages 111-115Pages 111-115

Learning TargetLearning TargetI understand that all matter is I understand that all matter is

conductive.conductive.

I understand how charges interact.I understand how charges interact.

VocabularyVocabulary

►ELECTROSCOPE:ELECTROSCOPE: a device used to a device used to detect electric chargesdetect electric charges

►CHARGE:CHARGE: a property of all particles a property of all particles that determines whether they are that determines whether they are attracted or repulsed by other attracted or repulsed by other particlesparticles

►CONDUCTION:CONDUCTION: to move or transfer to move or transfer charge from one place to anothercharge from one place to another

Swizzle sticks are made of plastic which are good insulators. These swizzle sticks are connected by a nail.

Metal nails driven through each end of the electroscope.The nails are effective conductors because they are made of metal.

A swizzle stick is taped to an upside-down coffee cup.

Because the knife is Because the knife is more NEGATIVE. That more NEGATIVE. That means that the knife means that the knife BECAME more negative BECAME more negative because it GAINED because it GAINED more negative.more negative.

The glass is The glass is more POSITIVE. more POSITIVE. That means That means that the glass that the glass BECAME more BECAME more positive positive because it LOST because it LOST more negative.more negative.

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to

SolutionsSolutions(PART TWO — Paper Charges)(PART TWO — Paper Charges)

PagesPages 115-116115-116

Learning TargetLearning TargetI can explain how plus and minus I can explain how plus and minus

charges interact.charges interact.

I can explain why matter exhibits both I can explain why matter exhibits both positive and negative charges.positive and negative charges.

Process & Procedure 1-4Process & Procedure 1-4Stop & Think 1, 2Stop & Think 1, 2

Examples: Stop & Think 1Examples: Stop & Think 1

Using MICROSCOPIC drawings. Using MICROSCOPIC drawings. Explain what is happening in Explain what is happening in this drawing. Use the terms: this drawing. Use the terms:

charge, conduction, plus, minus, charge, conduction, plus, minus, movement.movement.

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to

SolutionsSolutions(PART THREE — Bending the Rules)(PART THREE — Bending the Rules)

PagesPages 117-119117-119

Learning TargetLearning TargetI can infer what kind of molecule water I can infer what kind of molecule water

is based on its conductive behavior.is based on its conductive behavior.

I can determine what substances are I can determine what substances are like water based on water’s conductive like water based on water’s conductive behavior and its physical characteristics behavior and its physical characteristics

of matter.of matter.

Stop & Think 1-3Stop & Think 1-3

Water StreamWater Stream

Water StreamWater Stream

What happens to a water stream when a negative rod is brought near?

The stream is attracted to the negative rod.

Water StreamWater Stream

What happens to a water stream when a positive rod is brought near?

The stream is attracted to the positive rod.

Water StreamWater Stream

Why does the stream attract to both positive and negative rods?

Water has to be both negative and positive.

Water MoleculesWater Molecules

►CompassCompass►DipoleDipole

Water is a polar molecule

Water StreamWater Stream

A stream of water is a random collection of polar molecules.

Water StreamWater Stream

When a negative rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the positive side attracts to the negative rod.

Water StreamWater Stream

When a positive rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the negative side attracts to the positive rod.

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to

SolutionsSolutions(PART FOUR — Resolving Dissolving)(PART FOUR — Resolving Dissolving)

Readings: Pages 120-122 & 123-124Readings: Pages 120-122 & 123-124WorksheetWorksheet

Learning TargetLearning TargetI can explain what ionic compounds, I can explain what ionic compounds,

polar covalent, and covalent molecules polar covalent, and covalent molecules are and how they interact in solutions are and how they interact in solutions

mixed with water.mixed with water.

VocabularyVocabulary

►ION:ION: a charged particlea charged particle►IONIC COMPOUNDS:IONIC COMPOUNDS: a neutral a neutral

compound made from a combination of compound made from a combination of positive and negative ionspositive and negative ions

►CRYSTAL LATTICE:CRYSTAL LATTICE: the orderly the orderly structure of particles in a solidstructure of particles in a solid

►DIPOLE:DIPOLE: equal but opposite charges equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance that are separated by a short distance

VocabularyVocabulary

►POLAR:POLAR: a particle with an uneven a particle with an uneven distribution of chargedistribution of charge

►SOLVATION:SOLVATION: the process where a the process where a soluble particle is surrounded by soluble particle is surrounded by solvent moleculessolvent molecules

►COVALENT: COVALENT: a bond that is formed a bond that is formed when the electrons are shared when the electrons are shared somewhat equally between the nuclei somewhat equally between the nuclei in a compoundin a compound

Ionic CompoundIonic Compound

Three Types of Three Types of CompoundsCompounds

Solvation Reading Solvation Reading

Pg. 120-122Pg. 120-122

Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

► Made with charged Made with charged particles that attract particles that attract each other to form a each other to form a strong crystal lattice.strong crystal lattice.

► Water can pull the Water can pull the charged particles out charged particles out to form ions.to form ions.

Polar Covalent CompoundsPolar Covalent Compounds

► Made from neutral Made from neutral particles that have a particles that have a + and - side.+ and - side.

► Water can attract to Water can attract to either charged end either charged end and pull the particles and pull the particles out.out.

► The particles keep The particles keep both + and – charge, both + and – charge, so do not form ions.so do not form ions.

Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds

► Made from neutral Made from neutral particles that have particles that have evenly distributed evenly distributed charges.charges.

► Water can not pull Water can not pull on any charged on any charged particles, so the particles, so the material will not material will not dissolve nor form dissolve nor form ions.ions.

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:Charge Those ParticlesCharge Those Particles

(PART ONE – Getting Charged)(PART ONE – Getting Charged)

Pages 125-128Pages 125-128

Learning TargetLearning TargetI can explain how atoms become I can explain how atoms become

positively and negatively charged.positively and negatively charged.

Class WorkClass Work

►Process and Procedure 1Process and Procedure 1►Stop & Think 1-5Stop & Think 1-5

Why do the charges Why do the charges move?move?

ReadingsReadings

Getting Charged Pg. 127Getting Charged Pg. 127

How atoms become chargedHow atoms become charged

►All atoms have a positive All atoms have a positive ProtonProton and and a negative a negative ElectronElectron

►Neutral atoms have an equal number Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electronsof protons and electrons

►Atoms gain or lose electrons to Atoms gain or lose electrons to become charged ionsbecome charged ions

►Lost electron makes a positive ionLost electron makes a positive ion

►Gained electron makes a negative Gained electron makes a negative ionion

+ e-11e-

11p+

10e-

11p+

Na+Na0 + e-

+ e-17e-

17p+

18e-

17p+

Cl-Cl0+ e-

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:Charge Those ParticlesCharge Those Particles

(PART TWO – Ionization versus Dissociation)(PART TWO – Ionization versus Dissociation)

Pages 129-131Pages 129-131

Learning TargetLearning Target

I can explain what ionization I can explain what ionization and dissociation are.and dissociation are.

Process and Procedure 1-4Process and Procedure 1-4

VocabularyVocabulary

►IONIZATION:IONIZATION: any process that any process that results in the formation of an ionresults in the formation of an ion

►DISSOCIATION: DISSOCIATION: the process in which the process in which ions are separatedions are separated

►IONIZATION ENERGY:IONIZATION ENERGY: the energy the energy required to remove one electron from required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an elementa neutral atom of an element

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:Charge Those ParticlesCharge Those Particles

(PART THREE – Sharing Electrons)(PART THREE – Sharing Electrons)

Pages 131-139Pages 131-139

Learning TargetLearning TargetI will learn how to use ionization energy I will learn how to use ionization energy

and electronegativity to explain how and electronegativity to explain how atoms share electrons.atoms share electrons.

VocabularyVocabulary

►ELECTRONEGATIVITY:ELECTRONEGATIVITY: the the measure of the ability of an atom in a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract chemical compound to attract electronselectrons

Class WorkClass Work

►Process and Procedure 1-5Process and Procedure 1-5►Reflect & Connect 1-4Reflect & Connect 1-4