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Chapter 4 Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances. Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen. Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances. Energy Essentials Energy Balance in the Troposphere Energy Balance at Earth’s Surface . Energy Essentials . Energy Pathways and Principles - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 4Atmosphere and Surface Energy
Balances
Robert W. ChristophersonCharlie Thomsen
Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances
Energy Essentials
Energy Balance in the Troposphere
Energy Balance at Earth’s Surface
Energy Essentials Energy Pathways and Principles
Shortwave energy in from the Sun
Longwave energy out from Earth
TransmissionPassage of energy through atmosphere or water
Energy Pathways
Figure 4.1
Energy PathwaysInsolation input
All radiation received at Earth’s surface – direct and indirect
ScatteringChanging direction of light’s movement, without altering its wavelengths
RefractionChange in speed and direction of light
Insolation at Earth’s Surface
Figure 4.2
Refraction
Figure 4.4
Energy PrinciplesAlbedo and reflection
Clouds, aerosols, and the atmosphere’s albedo
Absorption
Albedo
Figure 4.5
July and January Albedos
Figure 4.6
Clouds and Albedo
Figure 4.7
Atmospheric Aerosols
Figure 4.8
Heat TransferConduction
Molecule-to-molecule transfer
ConvectionEnergy transferred by movement
AdvectionHorizontally dominant movement
RadiationEnergy traveling through air or space
Heat Transfer
Figure 4.9
Energy Balance in the Troposphere
The Greenhouse Effect and Atmospheric Warming
Clouds and Earth’s “Greenhouse”
Earth–Atmosphere Radiation Balance
The Greenhouse Effect and Atmospheric Warming
Atmosphere absorbs heat energy
A real greenhouse traps heat inside
Atmosphere delays transfer of heat from Earth into space
Clouds and Forcing
Figure 4.10
Shortwave and Longwave Energy
Figure 4.11
Earth–Atmosphere Radiation Balance
Figure 4.12
Energy Budget by Latitude
Figure 4.13
Energy Balance at Earth’s Surface
Daily Radiation Patterns
Simplified Surface Energy Balance
The Urban Environment
Daily Radiation Curves
Figure 4.14
Surface Energy Budget
Figure 4.15
Simplified Surface Energy BalanceNET R =
+SW (insolation)
–SW (reflection)
+LW (infrared)
–LW (infrared)
Figure 4.16
Global NET R
Figure 4.17
Global Latent Heat
Figure 4.18
Global Sensible Heat
Figure 4.19
Solar Cooking Solution
Figure FS 4.1.1
Solar Energy
Figure FS 4.1.2
Radiation Budgets
Figure 4.20
El Mirage, CA
Pitt Meadows,BC
The Urban Environment
Figure 4.21
Urban Heat Island
Figure 4.22
Urban Heat
IslandPilot
Project
Figure 4.23
Robert W. ChristophersonCharlie Thomsen
Geosystems 7eAn Introduction to Physical Geography
End of Chapter 4
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