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CHAPTER-5
HEALTH AND RURAL INSURANCE
5.1 DOCTOR'S INDEMNITY
The policy will indemnify any act committed by the insured, who
shall be a Registered Medical Practitioner, giving rise to any legal liability
to Third Parties. The insured includes policyholder and his qualified
assistants or employees named in the proposal. The Act has to be
committed during the period of insurance commencing from the retroactive
date (first day and time on which insurance has commenced and continued
thereafter without break).
DOCTORS' PROTECTION SHIELD
Keeping in mind various hazards, doctors are exposed to, and have
tried to bring under one umbrella all the protection that would be required
by doctors. The protection shield covers Building, office contents, money
fixed glass & sanitary fittings, fidelity guarantee etc.
Salient Features:
Section I - Building : Building including landlord's fixtures, fittings,
boundary wall and fences (building owners):
Rate - 0.76%
Risk Covered: As per Fire A policy.
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Exclusions : Subterranean fire, property undergoing any heating or
drying process, damage to electrical installation due to overrunning
excessive pressure, short circuiting, damage by employees, partners of the
insured's business or profession or members of his household.
Section 2A - Office Contents : Furniture, fixtures, fitting, electrical
appliances, clothing personal effects of insured or employees.
Rate -1.50%
Risk Covered As per Section I including burglary, robbery and
dacoity.
Exclusions : As per Section I including :
+ Damage to livestock, motor vehicle and money, securities
for money, stamps, bullion, bonds bills of exchange, promissory
notes, stock and share certificates, models, precious stones,
jewellery and valuables. Any curios or works of art for an
amount exceeding Rs.10001-.
+ Erasure or breakdown of information contained in data
carrying materials and lor consequential loss of any description.
Section 2(8) - Tenant's Liability: Liability as a tenant for damages to
office premises including fixtures and fittings.
Rate - 0.76%
Risks covered: As per Section 2 A.
Section 3 - Money : Loss of money while in transit, on the premises
during office hours and in safe after office hours.
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Rate - 3.00%
Risks covered : Any accident and/or misfortune.
Exclusion: Shortage due to error, money entrusted to person other
than insured/employee, loss of money from safe by duplicate keys.
Section 4 - Fixed Glass and Sanitary Fittings including damage to
frames:
Rate - 10.00%
Risks covered: Accidental breakage.
Section 5 - Fidelity Guarantee - of any salaried person employed by
Insured.
Risk Covered: Pecuniary loss caused by fraud and/or dishonest act.
Rate - 6.00%
Section 6A - Electronic Equipment and data carrying material.
Risk covered : Unforeseen sudden physical loss, loss or damage due
to any cause other than those specifically excluded.
Exclusions: Pre-existing faults or defects, ear and tear, loss due to
climatic conditions, maintenance cost, loss or damage for which insured is
contractually liable, defects or design or material for which suppliers are
responsible.
Excess: As per electronic Equipment Policy.
Section 68- Cost of Reinstatement of Data and Programme.
Rate - 10.33%
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Risks covered: As per Sec. 6A.
Exclusion : 5% of each claim. Data carrying materials not stored as
In makers instructions, erasure and corrupted from unidentifiable
occurrence, intrinsic value of the data, cost incurred for false programme
or alteration of programme.
Section 6C- Portable Computer whilst being carried anywhere in the
world.
Rate - 20.06%
Risks covered: As per Section 6A.
Section 7 - Additional Expenses of Rent for alternate. accommodation if
premises occupied is damaged and declared unfit for occupation.
Rate - 0.76%
Risks covered: As per Sec. 2A.
Section 8 - Personal Accident Insurance for self and employees. (Age 18
to 70 - Table A (III) as per PA tariff.
Rate - l.00%
Risks covered : Death, pennanent total or partial and temporary total
disablement due to accident.
Section 9 - Breakdown of office appliances, and electrical and
mechanical gadgets.
Rate - 15.00%
Risks covered : Electrical and Mechanical breakdown of appliances
which are not older than 10 years in age.
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Section 10 - Baggage: Loss or damaae to baggage:Selonging to 'self and
lor employees whilst onjoumey anywhere in the world.
Rate - 50%
Risks covered: Any accident and/or misfortune.
Section 11 - Liability: (a) Public liability for third party death or bodily
injury and lor damage to property of third party. (b) Workmen's
compensation.
Risks covered : Negligence of self and lor any family member
permanently residing with him.
Section 12 - Professional Liability for bodily injury and/or death or any
patient.
Risks covered: Error, omission, negligence in professional service
caused by self or qualified assistant, nurse or technician employed.
Section 13 - Accident on Duty Cover
physician! para medical staff.
For medical practitionerl
Risks covered: Due to accident at the place of employment.
Section 14 Mediclaim Expenses incurred resulting on
hospitalization/domiciliary hospitalization as per standard Mediclaim
Policy (individual).
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S.2 LONG-TERM HOSPTALISATION (DOMICILIARy)
INSURANCE POLICY
The policy cover is identical to the exiting individual and group mediclaim
policy with the following additional features:
(1) Additional cover is introduced to cover boarding and lodging
expenses for one of the family members or next kin of insured
who accompanies the insured during the hospitalization period
subject to payment of additional nominal premium.
(2) Hospitalization and operation expenses are payable for the person
donating the organ to the insured person during the course of an
organ transplant operation subject to limits available during the
policy period.
(3) Reasonable expenses incurred for ambulance within city limits at
the time of admission and discharge are payable.
(4) Registration and admission fees paid to the hospital have been
included in the list of hospitalization expenses.
(5) The condition of number of beds in the definition of hospitals has
been deleted. .
(6) Pre-existing condition has been defmed in the policy.
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(7) Since the policy is issued for longer period than one year, the
limits are operative for a period of 12 months only i.e. policy
period. The limits of policy period in which the disease is
diagnosed are applicable for anyone illness. There is no carry
forward of limits. Hence, the sum insured is available afresh after
every period of 12 months. To make this point clear, two new
definitions have been added in the policy.
(8) Period of insurance : The period commencing till five years or
ten years only as the case may be.
(9) Policy period: A period of 12 months each commencing from
date of inception from which the risk is assumed.
(10) A new condition for deletion of pre-existing disease has been
incorporated as under : Pre-existing conditions at the time of
inception of first coverage will be deleted after the policy has
completed four continuous claim free policy periods, and the
insured is not under treatment for at least two preceding years for
the pre-existing conditions.
(11) Pre-medical health check-up is compulsory and the cost has to be
borne by the insured. Insured has to submit the family
physician's certificate along with the proposal form stating the
health status of the insured.
(12) For group policies the minimum number of persons would be 51,
and only one group policy is to be issued covering all eligible
members of the group. Unnamed policy cannot be issued.
79
(13) For group policies premium can be paid in installments-two in'
case of 5-year policies and four in case of 10-year policies.
(14) Group discount and Bouns-Malus provision are applicable for
group policies. This will be reviewed at the time of collecting
instalIments.
(15) Cumulative bonus and health check-up provisions are applicable
for individual policies.
(16) Deletion of pre-existing ailments in case of groups of large size
may be considered on payment of additional premium. Such
cases may be referred to R.O.IH.O. for approval.
Table 5.1
PREMIUM RATES FOR DOMICILIARY INSURANCE POLICY
Sum Insured Limit of Liability of 5 Years 10 Years (Overall Liability) Domiciliary (Rs.) (Rs.)
(Rs.) Hospitalization- (Rs.)
I 50,000 10,000 3,158 4,210
1,00,000 20,000 6,109 8,145
1,50,000 27,500 9,034 12,045
2,00,000 35,500 11,771 15,695
2,50,000 40,000 14,321 19,095
3,00,000 45,000 16,871 22,495
3,50,000 50,000 21,000 28,000
4,00,000 55,000 24,000 32,000
4,50,000 60,500 27,000 36,000
5,00,000 65,500 30,000 40,000
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5.3 HORTICULTUREIPLANTATION INSURANCE
1. Scope of Cover : Under this policy following horticulture and
plantation crops can be covered.
Horticulture Crop:
(I) Grape (2) Citrus (orange, lime, sweet lime)
(3) Chikoo (4) Pomegranate (5) Banana
Plantation:
(I) Rubber
(4) Teakwood
(7) Sugarcane
(2) Eucalyptus (3) Poplar
(5) Oil palm plantations (6) All types of trees
(8) Tea
P.S. Coffee and apple policies are being finalized by GIe.
2. Underwriting Authority: Undefwriting authority to accept
proposal is vested with the head office/regional office only. RO' s
are authorized to accept proposals in respect of above specified
crops and issue standard policy. Proposals requiring any
modification and crop other than listed above should be referred to
H.O. duly recommended by R.O.
3. Insured:
(a) Individual farmer whether owner or tenant engaged 111
cultivation of above crops.
(b) However, a policy may be issued in the name of an
association or an organized and registered body of fann
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engaged in cultivation of the specified crops where such
associationlbody has been fonned and is functioning for the
purpose of procurement of input professing. Marketing of the
produce and lor any other are recorded in schedule (to be
attached to and forming part of the policy) in a manner that in
the event of loss, claims can be assessed and settled on
individual basis.
4. Perils Covered : The policy shaH cover and seek to indemnify the
insured to the extent of loss of input due to loss or damage to the
insured tree/fruits (whichever is applicable depending on the crop
insured) occasioned by operation of anyone or more of the
following perils either in isolation or in concurrence:
(a) Fire (including forest fire and bush fire)
(b) Lightning.
(c) Stonn, hailstonn, cyclone, typhoon, tempest, hurricans:,
tornado whilst in direct and immediate operation over the
insured areas.
(d) Flood and inundation (inspection report is necessary to cover
these risks.)
(e) Riot, strike and malicious damage.
(f) Acts of terrorism.
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S. Period of Insurance. Crop duration or twelve months (one year)
whichever is shorter subject to the following:
(a) This policy is valid for one season. The policy period is taken
from the date of payment of premium until crop in that season
is harvested. The policy ceases after the harvest in the season
for which the policy is issued. For fruit crops having season
more than one year, appropriate additional premium will be
charged. For citrus, policy period will be one year from the
date of issue of policy.
(b) Period of insurance in respect of sugarcane crop shall be
extendable by such period beyond 12 months (up to a
maximum of 18 months) as may be necessitated by the variety
grown. This will, however, entail additional premium on pro
rata basis for such periods may be in excess of 12 months.
(c) In respect of rubber, eucalyptus and poplar trees where plants
are first required to be raised in nurseries and then fields, the
period of insurance shall commence after expiry of twelve
months from transplanting (nurseries are not covered) and
policy for these crops can be issued on annual basis.
6. Sum Insured : Sum insured shall be based on the cost of cultivation
or input cost i.e. Cost of raising/development of insured trees.
The policy will be issued for fixed sum insured which is given
separately under each crop.
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I
I
Depending on the needs of clients, modified Input Cos
Clause can be incorporated in the policy, if it is justifiable, subject t(
prior H.O. approval.
7. Premium Rates: Premium shall be charged for different insurabll
crops at the following rates:
Table 5.2
PREMIUM RATES FOR INSURABLE CROPS
Crops Premium
(a) Horticulture Crops
Citrus Fruits (Orange, Lime,
Sweet Lime) Chilwo, Pomegranate,
Banana (Standard Cover)
Grape Crop 5% of Sum Insured
(Optional Cover:
Losses due to unseasonal Additional Premium
Rains and frost) @ 1.50% of Sum Insured
(b) Plantations:
Rubber, Eucalyptus, Poplar,
Teakwood 1.25% of Sum Insured
(c) Sugarcane 1.25% of Sum Insured
( d) Oil palm
Part "A" 1.50% of Sum Insured
Part "B" 2.00% of Sum Insured
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8. Francbise :
(a) No claim shall be payable under the policy if any amount of
claim assessed does not exceed 10% of sum insured per acre
or Rs.l ,000/- per affected acre whichever is lower.
(b) This franchise clause is not applicable for the fire losses under
the Sugarcane Policy.
9. Excess: The insured shall be deemed to be his own insurer for first
20% of the claim assessed per acre, only 80% of claim assessed shall
be paid under the policy.
10. Other Assessment Method : It should be clearly noted that the
expenses incurred during the season for which the policy has been
issued are only to be taken into account for the purpose of the policy.
Expenses made prior to the season in question are not to be taken
into account.
For the purpose of indemnity, the policy is a valued policy
and no statement of accounts of actual expenses incurred is required
to be submitted by the insured. Expenses from the previous harvest
till the date on which the insured peril operates only should be taken
into account as having spent for the purpose of the claim. Hence the
claim cannot in any case be more than this amount.
8S
11. Important Policy conditions:
(a) This policy is issued on "Input Cost" basis only and no other
expenses/costs are indemnifiable.
(b) Failure to intimate the claim forthwith will forfeit all rights
and benefits under the policy.
(c) Condition of average.
12. Long Term Policy: Long tenn policy in respect of Eucalyptus and
such other plants can be issued subject to approval of head office. It
is a precondition that entire premium will have to be collected in
advance.
Table 5.3
CROP INSURANCE (KHARIF)
No. offarmers Sum Insured Premium Incurred Year
covered (in (in lakhs Rs.) (in lakhs Rs.) Claims
Lakhs) (in lakhs Rs.)
1985 26.31 542.73 9.42 83.00
1986 40.66 856.20 14.99 159.54
1987 46.31 1140.15 19.09 277.38
1988 29.64 547.89 8.82 27.84
1989 42.26 873.86 14.44 28.05
1997-98 51.35 2230.74 34.32 -2001 85.69 7300.90 256.96 508.10
, Source. GIC s Annual Reports & Accounts
86
Table 5.4
CROP INSURANCE (RABI)
Year No. offarmers Sum Insured Premium Incurred
covered (in (in lakhs RI.) (in lakhs RI.) Claims
Lakhs) (in lakhs Rs.)
1985-86 12.13 238.41 4.48 2.96
1986-87 11.28 242.41 4.57 7.80
1987-88 21.28 242.37 8.55 12.07
1988-89 8.79 475.44 3.12 3.10
1989-90 6.61 163.87 2.72 -1997-98 6.82 322.37 5.72 -2001-02 20 1600 - -
Source: GIC's Annual Reports & Accounts
The number of farmers covered under crop insurance has increased
from Rs.26.30 lakhs in 1985 (Kharif) to Rs.29.64 lakhs in 1988. The
premiwn income has declined from Rs.9.42 lakhs to RS.8.82 lakhs under
Kharif. The number of farmers covered has declined from Rs.12.13 lakhs
in 1985-86 to Rs.8.71 lakhs in 1988-89. The premium has also declined
from Rs.4.48 crores to Rs.3.12 crores. This shows that the crop insurance
is not being properly managed by the GIC and its four subsidiaries.
87
5.4 FARMER'S PACKAGE & CATTLE INSURANCE
FARMER'S PACKAGE
Salient Features :
I. The existing Fanners Package Policy as printed in the RNTB
Manual can be marketed independently. Development officers are
eligible for single credit.
2. Any approved RNTB cover can be included and it can become part
of the Farmers Package Policy. The rates, terms, conditions
applicable to that class of business.
3. Section I of the policy covers dwelling unitslhouses and contents. It
is a compulsory cover.
4. Under Section II (Burglary) only those items are covered which are
included under Section I 'B' or '0'. Separate schedule to be
attached.
5. Under Section II (Burglary) in case the insured desires to delete
'LARCENY' (peril) the premium can be quoted at 2.00 per mile.
6. The Section VI covers agricultural tractors and in case if the insured
opts for Act only policy then the applicable clause to be attached to
the policy.
88
7. In case if the vehicle is purdMsed· under Hire Purchase or Lease
Agreement, necessary endorsements arc to be passed (No. 10 & 11)
8. The policy can cover tiny sectorlvillage artisans as per Fire Policy
'A'. All guidelines/rates/conditions! fonnats, as per Fire Dept.
9. In case of Jan Arogya Bima Policy all the underwriting/claim
settlement guidelines communicated by UNTB/technical department
from time to time should be followed.
10. Policy can cover Fidelity Guarantee. This benefit can be offered on
the same lines as being underwritten under shopkeepers (UNTB)
Policy. The rates, tenns, conditions of RNTBIVNTB Dept. to be
followed. The Perfonna, formats, clause as prescribed by Misc.
Dept. to be used.
II. In case of coverage of scheme animals (IRDP) "Net" premium rate
has to be applied.
12. Minimum '3' sections/schemes to be covered of which dwelling
units/houses and any other RID Policy should be compulsory.
13. Double credit to development officers.
14. Agency commission 15%.
15. No long-term policy to be issued.
89
16. Only those tractors, which are registered, used, as agricultural
tractors will be covered under Fanners Package Policy.
17. Only comprehensive cover should be given.
18. Agricultural tractors financed by the bank will be entitled for 15%
commiSSIOn.
19. Un-named persons subject to a maximum of six persons only should
be covered, while travelling on such tractors.
20. 1.P.A. Policy with Rs.25,000 as sum insured for the un-named
persons.
The premIUm charged for agricultural tractors and claims ansmg
there under will be accounted under RNTB.
CATTLE INSURANCE
This is a market agreement w.e.f. 1-10-97 among the subsidiaries of
OlC of India in respect of Cattle Insurance Business.
1. Scope of the Agreement:
The agreement shall be observed by the constituent companies
with regard to the rates, tenns and conditions prescribed by this
agreement to underwrite the Business of Cattle Insurance in India.
The word 'Cattle' for the purpose of the agreement refers to:
(a) Milch cows and buffaloes
(b) Calveslheifers
90
(c) Stud bulls
(d) Bullocks (castrated buDs)· and castrated male buffaloes,
whether indigenous, exotic or crossbreed.
2. Age Group:
Animals of age in years shown below shall be accepted under
the Standards Insurance Scheme prescribed by this agreement.
(I) (a) Milch Cows
(Indigenous/Cross
breedlExotic)
(b) Milch Buffaloes
( c) Stud Bulls
(d) Bullock
(Castrated bulls and male buffaloes)
(2) Indigenous, cross breed and
exotic female calves/heifers
3. Valuation and Sum Insured:
2 years (or age at first
calving) to 10 years
3 years (or age at first
Calving) to 12 years
3 years to 8 years or earlier
3 years to 12 years
From 4 months up to the
date of first calving or
minimum age as in (i) (a)
and (b)
(I) The market value of cattle varies from breed to breed, from area to
area and from time to time. The examining veterinarians
91
recommendations shall be COPSidered as the proper guide for
acceptance of insurance as well as for settlement of claims.
(2) Sum insured will not exceed 100% of market value.
4. Indemnity :
(1) If death occurs during any period and if the animal is pregnant for
less than four months, the indemnity will be restricted to 50% of
sum insured or market value whichever is less.
(2) In case of scheme animals, the policy is agreed value policy, hence
claim will be settled for 100% of sum insured.
5. Premium Rates: (Annual)
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
FOR MILCH COWSIMILCH BUFFALOES/ FEMALE CAL VESIHEIFERS/STUD BULLIBULLOCKS AND CASTRATED MALLE BUFFALOES.
Table 5.5
PREMIUM RATES FOR INSURABLE ANIMALS
Species Death PTD Extra
Scheme Animals 2.25% 0.85%
(Indigenous/cross-breed) (net) (net)
Non-Scheme Animals 4.00% 1.00%
(Indigenous/Cross-breed) (gross) (gross)
Exotic Animals 4.00% 1.00%
(gross) (gross) + 2% Extra
Long term rate for basic for 4.80 1.80
3 years (for Scheme Animals only)
92
6. Group Discount (For Non-8cbeme only). A group discount is
allowed in case of single/ partner ownership and/or single source of
premium payment and covered under a single policy (not applicable
to bank business).
Table 5.6
RA TE OF DISCOUNT ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF ANIMALS
No. of Animals Rate of Discount
5-10 2.5 %
11-15 5%
16-25 7.5 %
26-50 10%
51-100 12.5 %
101-500 15 %
If the group is over 500 and I or very large, the companies
may decide the discount not exceeding 20%).
7. Long Term Discount (For Non-Scheme Animals)
Duration ofthe policy
3 and 4 years policies
5 years and above
Discount
15%
25%
(1) Full premium has to be paid in advance.
(2) No refund of premium will allow even if claim arise in the
earlier years.
93
(3) Age limit should be as above.
(4) Adjustment of premium : In case of premature death of cattle
before the expiry of policy period the premium for the balance
period after adjusting the period up to the year in which the
animal dies, would be allowed as credit to be adjusted against
premium for the new animal required by the insured.
8. Exclusions:
(a) Malicious or willfill injury or neglect, overloading, unskillful
treatment or use of animal for purpose other than stated in the policy
without the consent of the company in writing.
(b) Accidents during and/or disease contracted prior to commencement
of risk.
(c) Intentional slaughter of the animal except in cases where destruction
is necessary to terminate incurable suffering on human consideration
on the basis of certificate issued by qualified veterinarian or in cases
where destruction is resorted to by the order of law fully consulted
authority.
(d) Theft and clandestine sale of the insured animal.
(e) War, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities (whether war be
declared or not), civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection,
mutiny, military or usurped power or any consequences thereof or
attempt of threat.
94
(t) Any accident, loss destruction, damage or legal liability directly or
indirectly caused by or contributed to by or arising from nuclear
weapons.
9. Veterinary Examination:
(I) The report of a qualified veterinarian giving the age, identification
marks, health of the cattle must be obtained for each proposal.
Wherever qualified veterinarians are not available, companies may,
at their discretion accept certificate of health issued by livestock
inspectors who are diploma holders. Such certificates will be valid
for acceptances of proposal only.
(2) Fresh veterinary examination is not necessary for renewal of Cattle
Insurance Policy, if renewal is made on or before the date of expiry
of the policy.
(3) Insurers may pay the veterinarian a fee Rs.lO/- per large animal for
examination (including tagging charges) the proposal of which has
been accepted by the insurer.) The insurer may directly make
payment to Veterinary Doctor. Alternatively the proposer may pay
the fee to the veterinarian in which case, credit of the fee actually
paid not exceeding Rs.5/- or Rs.lO/- per animal would be given by
insured to proposer, if proposal were accepted.
10. Identification of Animal : All insured animals should be suitably
identified by one or more of the following methods:
.,. Ear tag made of suitable materials be used.
9S
» Natural identification and colour should be clearly noted in the
proposal fonn and veterinarian's report. The cost of ear-tags and
tagging charges will be borne by the insurer.
» Photograph of animal may be insisted in case of high value animals.
» No tagging charges as veterinary fee is inclusive of tagging charges.
However re-tagging charges ofRs.1O per animal is fixed.
11. Transfer of Interest : Provided previous notice in writing is given
to the Company, a policy may be transferred to an approved new
owner or to cover a new (an other) animal subject to adjustment of
premium on a pro-rata basis.
12. Claim Procedure : In the event of death of an animal immediate
intimation should be sent to the insurers and the following
requirements should be furnished:
(a) Duly completed claim fonn.
(b) Death certificate obtained from qualified veterinarian on
company's form.
(c) Post -mortem examination report if required by the company.
13. Policy Forms: The Cattle Insurance Policy is unifonnly prescribed
for all insurance companies and the same contains all the relevant
tenns and conditions.
96
Business of Lie in Rural Areas
One of the main purposes of nationalization was to spread the life
insurance business to rural areas where population was less than one lakh.
The amount of rural business in absolute tenn is rising whereas the
percentage share of rural business to total business is going down. The
definition of Rural/Social Sector has been redefined by the Insurance
Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Insurance legislation in
India under Section V.
Table 5.7
COMPARISION OF RURAL BUSINESS TO TOTAL BUSINESS
Year Policies Business
i Numbers Percentages to Amount of Percentages to
of policies Total Policies policies in total business
in Lakhs crores of Rs.
I 99-l- '95 49.02 45.1 21571.00 39.1
1995-'96 52.57 47.7 21263.59 41.0
i 1996-'97 60.33 49.2 24278.73 42.8
1 1997-'98 68.40 51.4 27550.69 433
1998-'99 81.23 54.7 35372.94 47.0 ,
1999-'00 97.04 57.5 44168.19 48.7
2000-'0 I 3534 18.2 17955.88 14.6
2001- '02 37.01 13.7 25461.94 16.9
, Source. LIe s Annual Reports & Accounts
97
The share of rural business to total business has been continuously
declining from 31.8 percent in 1961 to 24.5 percent in 1970 and further to
14.9 percent in 1975. It improved from 22.0 percent in 1980 to 34.68
percent in 1990. Not only this but the percentage of policies issued in rural
areas to total policies has also been decreasing. This. evidently. reveals that
the percentage of rural business to total new business. instead of going uP.
is going down which is very discouraging signs. It has improved in 1990
and touched the highest figure in 1994. It declined to 13.7 percent to total
policies and 16.9 percent of total sum assured in 2001·2002.
98
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