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Chapters 17 & 20 The Middle Ages. Periodization. Early Middle Ages : 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages : 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages : 1250 - 1500. Europe in the 6c. W. Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire. First major group to hold power after 476 – The Franks - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PeriodizationPeriodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6c
W. Europe after the Fall of the W. Europe after the Fall of the Roman EmpireRoman Empire
• First major group to hold power after 476 – First major group to hold power after 476 – The FranksThe Franks
• W. Europe power now based in W. Europe power now based in Germany/France instead of ItalyGermany/France instead of Italy
• ***The Franks converted to Roman Catholic ***The Franks converted to Roman Catholic ChristianityChristianity– Leader Leader ClovisClovis rules from 481-511 rules from 481-511– Ensures Franks are dominant political & military Ensures Franks are dominant political & military
power in W. Europepower in W. Europe– By becoming Christian – Franks get support from By becoming Christian – Franks get support from
the Pope & millions of other Christians in W. Europethe Pope & millions of other Christians in W. Europe
CharlemagneCharlemagne• Carolingians replace Franks Carolingians replace Franks
in W. Europe, led by in W. Europe, led by CharlemagneCharlemagne
• Re-est. Centralized rule in Re-est. Centralized rule in (briefly) in Europe(briefly) in Europe
• Extended territory throughout Extended territory throughout EuropeEurope
• Diplomatic relations Diplomatic relations w/Byzantines, Abbasid w/Byzantines, Abbasid Caliphate and othersCaliphate and others
• Local rule by counts - Missi Local rule by counts - Missi Dominici used to keep them in Dominici used to keep them in lineline
• Crowned Emperor in 800 by Crowned Emperor in 800 by PopePope
Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814
Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800
Viking ShipsViking Ships
Breakdown of Charlemagne’s EmpireBreakdown of Charlemagne’s Empire
Muslims
Vikings
Magyars
• Results?Results?– Europe breaks down into complete Europe breaks down into complete
regionalismregionalism– Many small, regional states and Many small, regional states and
kingdoms carved out of W. Europekingdoms carved out of W. Europe– Feudalism becomes the dominant Feudalism becomes the dominant
political/economic orderpolitical/economic order– New decentralized system in placeNew decentralized system in place
• Order is now placed at the Order is now placed at the local levellocal level
FeudalismFeudalismA decentralized political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior
The Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor
Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor
SerfsSerfs at work at work
The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies crusades; Inquisition tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].
A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day
A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium
Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts
Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Darker, simplistic interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.
Carolingian MinisculeCarolingian Miniscule
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
England England
Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances.
Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances.
Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.
Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215
King John IKing John I Runnymeade “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council of advisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily.
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords nobles & clergy.o House of Commons knights and burgesses.
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade
Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Medieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities
Oxford UniversityOxford University
Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings
Medieval TradeMedieval Trade
Medieval GuildsMedieval Guilds
Guild Guild HallHall
Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices
Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop
Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild
• 1. Summarize the content of the piece in 5 1. Summarize the content of the piece in 5 bullet points (as you would if you were bullet points (as you would if you were doing document analysis on a DBQ)doing document analysis on a DBQ)
• 2. What is the author’s point of view (why 2. What is the author’s point of view (why would he be writing something like this at would he be writing something like this at this time / place?)this time / place?)
• 3. How does understanding his POV give 3. How does understanding his POV give us a better understanding of the time us a better understanding of the time period?period?
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