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Chemical Weapons
Bolechová, Havelková
Types of Chemical Weapons
• Nerve Agents
• Blister Agents
• Blood Agents
• Choking Agents
• Incapacitating Agents
Characterization of chemical Weapons
Nerve Agents
• Nerve agents attack the bodies nervous system. • Nerve agents causse breathing difficulties,
convulsions, paralysis, and death. • Nerve agents can be inhaled or absorbed
through the skin. • Symptoms of nerve agent poisoning include
runny nose, tightness of chest, difficulty breathing, excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting dimness of vision, pinpointing of the pupils, convulsion, and death.
Blister Agents
• Blister agents attack the lungs, eyes, and skin.
• They blister both skin and mucous membranes.
Blood Agents
• Blood agents interfere with the bodies ability to absorb oxygen.
• The victim dies because the body tissues are starved of oxygen.
• Blood agents cause headaches, vertigo, and nausea before death.
Choking Agents
• Choking agents attack the lungs, causing them to fill with fluid. Choking agents are detected by their smell and their irritancy. The victim suffocates by drowning in his own body fluid. Choking agents cause coughing, choking, tightness of the chest, nasea, headache, and watering of the eyes.
Incapatitating Agents
• An agent that produces temporary physiological or mantal effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties
representatives
VX Gas• KIND: Nerve agents
• ANTIDOTE: atropin
• It works as a nerve agent by blocking the function of the enzym acetylcholinesterase
C11 H26 N O2 P S
O-Ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate
Sarin
• KIND: nerve agent• ANTIDOTE: atropine or other acetylcholine
• At room temperature, sarin is a colourless, odourless liquid
CH3P(O)(F)OCH(CH3)2
O-Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate
Soman
• KIND: nerve agent• ANTIDOTE: commercial name is „Transant“
C7H16F02P
O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate
Tabun• KIND: nerve agent• ANTIDOTE: Atropine + NaF (15 mg/kg) • Tabun is a colourless to brown liquid.• Tabun was the first nerve agent discovered.
C5H11N202P
Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate
Yperite (Mustard Gas )
• KIND: Blister agents
• ANTIDOTE: Sodium ethanemonothiophosphonate is a weak antidote.
• In pure form, it is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid at room temperature and causes blistering of the skin.
C4H8C12S
Bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide
Phosgene• KIND: Choking Agents
• ANTIDOTE: No antidote exists for phosgene
COCl2
Health lung
Carbonyl chloride
Hydrogen cyanide• KIND: Choking Agents• ANTIDOTE: para-
aminopropiophenone • It‘s contained in the exhaust of
vehicles, in tobacco smoke.• Used by Nazi Germany during the
Holocaust to kill millions of people.• The toxicity is caused by the
cyanide ion. • Signs and Symptoms: nausea, gasp
(těžký dech), cherry-red skin, death • Intoxication has a immediate onset
(okamžitý nástup)
HCN
LSD
• KIND: incapacitating
• Incapacitating agents are not primarily intended to kill
• It´s causes a powerful intensification and alteration of senses, feelings, memories, and self-awareness for 6 to 14 hours.
• LSD usually produces visual effects such as moving geometric patterns and brilliant colors.
D-lysergic acid diethylamide
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