Chpt 3 Models of Earth. 3.1 Modeling the Planet pg 44 Maps: Cartographers: Projections:

Chpt 3Models of Earth

3.1 Modeling the Planet pg 44

• Maps:

• Cartographers:

• Projections:

Activity: Maps from Round Objects

1. What do you observe about the line on the paper?

2. How does the length of the line you have drawn compare with the length of the seam on the ball?

3. How does the shape of the line you have drawn compare with the shape of the seam on the baseball?4. What happens to the size and shape of areas on a globe when a map is made? 5. Why is it difficult to reproduce Earth accurately on a map?

What is distortion?

Map projections:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LcyMem

J3dE• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4wgFSHZ

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• Distortion: shapes are not correct or distance is wrong

• There are limitless Map projections • Depends on what map is being used for

3.1 Map Projections: Partner read/notesPgs 44-45

Mercator Projection: Distorts:Used for:Picture:

Distort near pole, show true directions as straight lines Useful for navigation

Gnomonic Projection: Distorts land mass away from center point show shortest distance between two points Useful for ocean/air voyages

Polyconic: Latitude and longitude are curved, landforms have true shape/size compared to each other. Useful for mapping large areas

Identifying places on Earth

• How do we identify location on Earth?

• What is the most common grid system used?

• Read page 46, take notes on Latitude and Longitude. Draw picture of Earth with lines.

Latitude and Longitude

• Latitude: circle from east to west.• Equator: line that separates Earth from

Northern and Southern hemisphere• Longitude: run from north and south between

poles• Prime meridian: Divides Eastern and Western

Hemisphere

***look atglobe

Practice

Practice

Battleship!

Map Scale

• Scale of map tells you how the features compare in size to Earth’s surface

• Usually shown as a ratio• EX: 1 inch on map=1 mile on earth• Measure 2 inches on map, so 2 inches=2miles

Map Scale

Map Scale Examples

• 1 map:100,000 earth• 100,000 inches= _____ feet ***12 inches=1 foot• 8333 feet= _____ miles ***5280 feet=1 mile• 1 inch=1.57 miles

Practice

***12 inches=1 foot***5280 feet=1 mile

1 map: 250,000 earth250,000 inches/12=20833 feet20833 feet/5280= 3.9 miles1: 1001:200,0001:50,000

Map Scale

• Work on map scale pacing out classroom/outside

Practice measuring distance/scale on a map

Measure Distance on Map

• Use map scale to find distance between two points

• Look at a map, measure distance. Figure out distance on map and then distance on earth

• Convert to feet or miles

Distance on Map 12inches=1 foot5280 feet=1mile

1. What is the scale (ratio)?2. Convert to miles

3. Measure the distance from Jones Tank to Bootlegger Spring. Distance on map?Distance on earth?

4. Measure the distance from Morman Mtn Tank to Bootlegger Spring. Distance on map?Distance on earth?

Mapmaking

• Pg 48:Take notes on plane table• Draw map of courtyard

• Pg: 48 Radar notes and video• Finish notes on mapmaking and technology

Traditional First Technology Current Technology Plane Table: Photographs from Airplanes: Satellite

Radar: GPS:

GIS:

RadarRadio Detection And Ranging Radar device sends out a radio signal. Signal bounces off an object is reflected back

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywDE57CtaTM

Map Making and TechnologyPG: 48-51

Traditional First Technology Current Technology

Plane Table: Photographs from Airplanes: Satellite

Radar: GPS:

GIS:

Satellite

• Orbits Earth, records data from Earth’s surface

• Measure light waves• Computers convert

the data to pixels (electronic dots), then usable images

GPS (global positioning system)• 3 parts: satellites, control, user.• GPS receiver determines the time it took for signal

to reach the receiver. • With different satellites signals, GPS receiver uses

triangulation to compute exact location

GIS (Geographic Information system)

• GIS is a computer system that assembles, stores, manipulates and displays data.

Use for technology/careers

• Read pg 51---Notes on Land Surveyor• What do they do? What technology do they use?

• GIS Example: http://nationalatlas.gov/mapmaker

• Read pg 52---get more notes on GIS• How can GIS be used to provide useful

information?

Careers

• Exploring Careers in GIS: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7tK9CjRmIo

• How is technology/GIS used? ---make list of at least 5 ways GPS/GIS is being used

• What are the roles of computer and satellites in map making?

Help Wanted: Cartographer, Land Surveyor, Scientist, etc.

• General info on what a mappers do (pg 51, 52)– Find patters and relationships, interpret gfitures and

data, etc. • SKILLS: What do you need to know?

—explain GPS and GIS. • How will you be using GPS/GIS?

• Use your notes, video notes, and pg 50

3.2 Sec Review

• Page 51, #1-3

• Topographic Maps• Read pg 53---notes from each paragraph

Topographic Maps• Shows the topography

(natural and human made surface features)

• Shows the shape of Earth’s surface

• Scale of 1:24000• 1 inch represents

___feet so shows good detail

Rules for contour lines

• Look at WS/LAB

How to Read A Topographic Map• Contour Lines• Narrow lines on a map

that indicate the elevation• Connect points of the

same elevation• Index contour lines have

the elevation written• Lines are evenly spaced,

called contour interval (interval units given on map)

Scale and Contour Intervals

How to Read A Topographic Map• Slope• Distance between contour lines shows you slope• Lines far apart the landscape is flat• Lines close together it is steep• Blue Isobath lines show depths of the water• Hatchmarks point toward the center of a depression

Reading Contour Lines

Reading Contour Lines

• What is the contour interval?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwqUYx_o3k