Citizen’s meeting on Power Sector Reform Chris Greacen November 25, 2007 Bangkok, Thailand Solar,...

Citizen’s meeting on Power Sector ReformChris Greacen

November 25, 2007Bangkok, Thailand

Solar, wind, hydro, CHP in Thailand: technology, cost, potential, applications

Palang Thai

13.7 km

Solar

0.037% of Thailand area 100% peak load

(22,586 MW)

TESCO Lotus, Rama I,460 kWp, Cost: 75,165,000 baht

World-wide2006: 6,000 MWp cumulative2007: >9,000 MWp cumulative

13.7 km

Thai population: 65,069,000 Person per household: 5 Households: 13,014,000 System size: 3 kW If 58% of households 100% of peak load VSPP subsidy: 8 baht / kWh

Solar

3 kW = 660,000 baht

Thai government solar home program

203,000 solar home systems>20% failure rate within first year in Tak

Wind

Hundreds of watts to 5 MW per turbine Now over 15,000 MW in Germany Denmark gets >17% electricity from wind At windy site, US 5 cents/kWh (1.65 baht/kWh) In Thailand: 6 baht/kWh (?) VSPP subsidy: 2.5 baht/kWh (3.5?) 1 MW = 35,000,000 baht

Thai wind potential: 1600 MW (?)

28,530 MW = Thailand’s

peak load in 2007

•Installed in Thailand: 1 MW

Wind energy – human scale

17.7 baht/kWh

8,200 baht

http://natee2007.thaiza.com

Thai wind pioneers build

wind power themselves.

Micro-hydro technology

Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.

Micro-hydro technology

Pelton Turgo Crossflow KaplanCentrifugal pump

Mae Kam Pong, Chiang MaiDEDE + community40 kW4 million baht costSell electricity to PEA – 400,000 baht/yearVSPP subsidy: 0.8 baht/kWh

Thai Potential:1000s of projects - 700 MW (?)

Mae Kam Pong, Chiang Mai2 @ 20 kWWeir: 2 meters high, 15 meter wideHead: 55 metersHouseholds: 190Cost: 3.99 million bahtConstructed in year: 2526 (1983)

Huai Krating, TakPower: 3 kWHead: 35 meterFlow: 20 liters/secondCost: <200,000 baht

(turbine - 24,500 baht)Constructed: 2548 (2005)

Thai Potential:10,000s of projects – 10s MW (?)

Kre Khi village, Tak Province1 kW for school, clinic, churchCost: <150,000

(turbine 10,000)Head: 10 metersFlow: 15 lit/sec

Mae Klang Luang, Chaing Mai200 watts5,000 baht (turbine: 4,000 baht)Installed: 2550 (2007)Head: 1.7 meters

Breakdown of economically viable biomass resource

Biomass resource Economic potential (MW)

Bagasse 1900

Biogas (cassava, pig, food waste) 1185

Wood residues 950

Rice husk 100

Corncob 54

Distillery slop 49

Coconut 43

Palm oil residues 43

TOTAL 4,324

Source: Black and Veatch (2000). Final Report: Thailand Biomass-Based Power Generation and Cogeneration Within Small Rural Industries. Bangkok, NEPO; NEPO/DANCED (1998). Investigation of Pricing Incentive in a Renewable Energy Strategy -- Main report. Bangkok. Bagasse figure from interview with interview with Sirisak Tatong, power plant manager at Mitr Phol sugar factory. Biogas from interviews with biogas developers

Rice husk fired power plant

9.8 MW Roi Et province VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh

Uses waste water from cassava to make methane Produces gas for all factory heat (30 MW thermal) + 3 MW of electricity 3 x 1 MW gas generators VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh

Korat Waste to Energy - biogas

Biogas from Pig Farms

Reduces air and water pollution

Produces fertilizer

Produces electricity

8 x 70 kW generator

Ratchaburi

Subsidy: 0.3 baht/kwh

Source: Presentation by Ministry of Energy at Energy Strategy Workshop chaired by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. 28 August 2003

Combined Heat and Power (CHP)… Why?

Why CHP?Electricity Generation Worldwide (TWh)

(source: International energy Agency 2002)

67% wasted!

Combined Heat and Power (CHP)… also called “cogeneration”

Thai CHP Potential:?,??? MW

>2,400 MW in applications received

Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) plant at Bangkok’s Suvarnabhumi International Airport

55MW CCGT

Steam provides cooling for terminal (563,000 m²) and surrounding facilities

Global Distributed Energy Development

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7.3%

Thai Data from ‘Power Development Plan 2007” , Ministry of EnergyWorld Data from ‘World Survey of DE - 2005’ World Alliance for Decentralized Energy

Thank you!

For more information contact: Tel. (+011) 662-672-0364

chris@palangthai.orgwww.palangthai.org

Download presentation slides & documents at:http://www.palangthai.org/docs/index

Thai government solar home program

203,000 solar home systemsUS$200 millionNo maintenance plan23% failure rate within 20 months

Resource Technical potential (MW)

Commerical Potential* (MW)

Year 2011 Government targets (MW)

Biomass (includes biogas)

Biogas

Solar PV

Micro- & Mini- hydro

Wind

Municipal Waste

7,000

>400

>5,000

700

1,600

?

>4,300

300

?

>200

?

?

1548

10

33

450

45

100

Total >14,000 >4,500 2192

Estimated renewable energy potential in Thailand

Source: Technical potential from Thai Ministry of Energy. (2003).“Energy Strategy for Competitiveness” http://www.eppo.go.th/admin/moe-workshop1/index.html. Commercial potential from from Black & Veatch 2000 and NEPO/DANCED 1998 as well as interviews with power plant managers. Targets from 2005 Prime Minister’s Energy Workshop 23 November.

* Commercial potential based on actual prices paid to renewable energy generators currently on-line.