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Citizen’s meeting on Power Sector ReformChris Greacen
November 25, 2007Bangkok, Thailand
Solar, wind, hydro, CHP in Thailand: technology, cost, potential, applications
Palang Thai
13.7 km
Solar
0.037% of Thailand area 100% peak load
(22,586 MW)
TESCO Lotus, Rama I,460 kWp, Cost: 75,165,000 baht
World-wide2006: 6,000 MWp cumulative2007: >9,000 MWp cumulative
13.7 km
Thai population: 65,069,000 Person per household: 5 Households: 13,014,000 System size: 3 kW If 58% of households 100% of peak load VSPP subsidy: 8 baht / kWh
Solar
3 kW = 660,000 baht
Thai government solar home program
203,000 solar home systems>20% failure rate within first year in Tak
Wind
Hundreds of watts to 5 MW per turbine Now over 15,000 MW in Germany Denmark gets >17% electricity from wind At windy site, US 5 cents/kWh (1.65 baht/kWh) In Thailand: 6 baht/kWh (?) VSPP subsidy: 2.5 baht/kWh (3.5?) 1 MW = 35,000,000 baht
Thai wind potential: 1600 MW (?)
28,530 MW = Thailand’s
peak load in 2007
•Installed in Thailand: 1 MW
Wind energy – human scale
17.7 baht/kWh
8,200 baht
http://natee2007.thaiza.com
Thai wind pioneers build
wind power themselves.
Micro-hydro technology
Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.
Micro-hydro technology
Pelton Turgo Crossflow KaplanCentrifugal pump
Mae Kam Pong, Chiang MaiDEDE + community40 kW4 million baht costSell electricity to PEA – 400,000 baht/yearVSPP subsidy: 0.8 baht/kWh
Thai Potential:1000s of projects - 700 MW (?)
Mae Kam Pong, Chiang Mai2 @ 20 kWWeir: 2 meters high, 15 meter wideHead: 55 metersHouseholds: 190Cost: 3.99 million bahtConstructed in year: 2526 (1983)
Huai Krating, TakPower: 3 kWHead: 35 meterFlow: 20 liters/secondCost: <200,000 baht
(turbine - 24,500 baht)Constructed: 2548 (2005)
Thai Potential:10,000s of projects – 10s MW (?)
Kre Khi village, Tak Province1 kW for school, clinic, churchCost: <150,000
(turbine 10,000)Head: 10 metersFlow: 15 lit/sec
Mae Klang Luang, Chaing Mai200 watts5,000 baht (turbine: 4,000 baht)Installed: 2550 (2007)Head: 1.7 meters
Breakdown of economically viable biomass resource
Biomass resource Economic potential (MW)
Bagasse 1900
Biogas (cassava, pig, food waste) 1185
Wood residues 950
Rice husk 100
Corncob 54
Distillery slop 49
Coconut 43
Palm oil residues 43
TOTAL 4,324
Source: Black and Veatch (2000). Final Report: Thailand Biomass-Based Power Generation and Cogeneration Within Small Rural Industries. Bangkok, NEPO; NEPO/DANCED (1998). Investigation of Pricing Incentive in a Renewable Energy Strategy -- Main report. Bangkok. Bagasse figure from interview with interview with Sirisak Tatong, power plant manager at Mitr Phol sugar factory. Biogas from interviews with biogas developers
Rice husk fired power plant
9.8 MW Roi Et province VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh
Uses waste water from cassava to make methane Produces gas for all factory heat (30 MW thermal) + 3 MW of electricity 3 x 1 MW gas generators VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh
Korat Waste to Energy - biogas
Biogas from Pig Farms
Reduces air and water pollution
Produces fertilizer
Produces electricity
8 x 70 kW generator
Ratchaburi
Subsidy: 0.3 baht/kwh
Source: Presentation by Ministry of Energy at Energy Strategy Workshop chaired by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. 28 August 2003
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)… Why?
Why CHP?Electricity Generation Worldwide (TWh)
(source: International energy Agency 2002)
67% wasted!
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)… also called “cogeneration”
Thai CHP Potential:?,??? MW
>2,400 MW in applications received
Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) plant at Bangkok’s Suvarnabhumi International Airport
55MW CCGT
Steam provides cooling for terminal (563,000 m²) and surrounding facilities
Global Distributed Energy Development
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
De
nm
ark
Ne
the
rlan
ds
Fin
lan
d
Ru
ssia
Ge
rma
ny
Ca
na
da
Ch
ina
Ch
ile
Po
rtu
ga
l
US
WO
RL
D
Th
aila
nd
Me
xico
Bra
zil
Fra
nce
Ind
ia
DE
sha
re a
s %
of t
otal
pow
er g
ener
atio
n
7.3%
Thai Data from ‘Power Development Plan 2007” , Ministry of EnergyWorld Data from ‘World Survey of DE - 2005’ World Alliance for Decentralized Energy
Thank you!
For more information contact: Tel. (+011) 662-672-0364
Download presentation slides & documents at:http://www.palangthai.org/docs/index
Thai government solar home program
203,000 solar home systemsUS$200 millionNo maintenance plan23% failure rate within 20 months
Resource Technical potential (MW)
Commerical Potential* (MW)
Year 2011 Government targets (MW)
Biomass (includes biogas)
Biogas
Solar PV
Micro- & Mini- hydro
Wind
Municipal Waste
7,000
>400
>5,000
700
1,600
?
>4,300
300
?
>200
?
?
1548
10
33
450
45
100
Total >14,000 >4,500 2192
Estimated renewable energy potential in Thailand
Source: Technical potential from Thai Ministry of Energy. (2003).“Energy Strategy for Competitiveness” http://www.eppo.go.th/admin/moe-workshop1/index.html. Commercial potential from from Black & Veatch 2000 and NEPO/DANCED 1998 as well as interviews with power plant managers. Targets from 2005 Prime Minister’s Energy Workshop 23 November.
* Commercial potential based on actual prices paid to renewable energy generators currently on-line.
