CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTOR: SARAH OOSTERHUIS WEST ADA SCHOOL DISTRICT, MERIDIAN,...

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

INSTRUCTOR: SARAH OOSTERHUIS

WEST ADA SCHOOL DISTRICT, MERIDIAN, ID

Architectural Styles

Student Slide Art Deco Arts and Crafts Bungalow

Cape Cod Contemporary

Counter Culture Cubic

ART DECO

ART DECO STYLE• Represented scientific progress, and the

consequent rise of commerce, technology,

and speed.

• It is founded on mathematical geometric

• Most building are big and tall to represent

strength and stability.

• From 1925 to 1940.

• Average skyscraper has 18 floors.Empire State

Building

World Trade Center

ART DECO ELEMENTS & FEATURES• Flat Roofs

• Smooth Walls

• The walls of art deco homes are often made of smooth stucco and have rounded corners.

• Bold Exterior decorations

• Buildings in the style were often decorated with zigzags, swans, lilies and sunrise motifs.

• Experimentation with interior materials.

• Art Deco designers used “new” materials such as glass block, neon, chrome, mirrors and opaque glass panels.

Where Did It All Start?

Chrysler Building

Art Deco was first seen in the 20th century, around 1925-1940. We got the style from the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs Industriels et Modernes, held in Paris.

What Makes it Special?

Empire State Building

There was no set number of stories for the Art Deco style of buildings. People could build them as high as they wanted to, and they did, this was the style for the newly rising skyscrapers being built.

Art Deco structures were usually made of stucco, concrete, smooth-faced stone, and Terracotta. Steel and aluminum were often used along with glass blocks and decorative opaque plate glass

What makes it unique?• Art deco architecture features a sleek, linear

appearance with stylized and often geometric ornamentation.

• Examples include the Chrysler Building, the Empire State Building, and the Bullocks Willshire Building.

• Most types of structures that took advantage of this style were commericial, and you can find many examples in Florida, Washington D.C, and New York City

Chrysler Building

Bullocks Willshire Building

Empire State Building

CONTEMPORARY

Era/Stories

• Era: current (present day)

• Stories: generally 2

Materials

• Natural materials: cedar, stone

• Industrial Materials: steel, concrete

Features

Very personalized, but generally classified by:

• Large windows

• Unique forms

• Open floor plans

• Emphasis on comfort

Location

Places such as:

• California

• New York

• Washington D.C.

(Generally big, modern cities)

Style of Present Day (1950-Present)Contemporary homes typically include an irregular or unusually shaped frame, an open floor plan, oversized windows, and the use of "green" and repurposed components (wood mixed with masonry). Such homes also often have an organic design, fitting into the surrounding space and meeting an immediate need in the area. Typically includes 2-3 stories.

Style Line – Mixture of vertical/horizontal

Form – Distinct 3D Look

Rhythm – Sometimes Grated Rhythm

Balance – Informal: Equal in weight

Proportion – Everything is very even

Unity – Perfection

Color – White/ Peaceful

Space – Very Free

ARTS AND

CRAFTS

• Early 19th-century British and American movement to revive handicrafts

ARTS AND CRAFTS

KEY ELEMENTS• Built of natural materials. Craftsman homes are typically built of real wood, stone and brick.

• Built-in furniture and light fixtures. Built-ins were the hallmark feature of the Arts and Crafts era. Built-in cabinets allowed the furnishings to be part of the architecture, ensuring design unity and economic use of space. Even the light fixtures are often part of the design.

• Fireplace. A fireplace was the symbol of family in the Arts and Crafts movement, so most homes feature a dominant fireplace in the living room and a large exterior chimney.

• Porches. Most homes in the Craftsman style have porches with thick square or round columns and stone porch supports.

• Low-pitched roofs. The homes typically have a low roof with wide eaves and triangular brackets.

• Exposed beams. The beams on the porch and inside the house are often exposed.

• Open floor plan. The Arts and Crafts Movement rejected the small, boxy rooms like those in Victorian houses.

ARTS AND CRAFTS

EXAMPLES

BUNGALOW

BUNGALOW STYLE

• Often used to describe any small house built from 1900 to about

• Bungalow style has its roots in native architectural style of Bengal, India. During the late 19th century and the waning days of the British Empire, English officers had small houses built in the "Bangla" style.

BUNGALOW CHARACTERISTICS

• Usually 1 – 1 1/2 stories

• Low-pitched roof, often with broad eaves

• Entry typically opens directly into living room

• Often has a large front porch that creates an outdoor room

• Easy access to outdoor spaces like verandas, porches, and patios

• Open floor plan maximized for efficiency and flow from room to room with minimal space wasted on hallways

• Often small with reliance on built-ins for organization

• Siding varies. Stucco is the siding of choice for many California-style Craftsman bungalows. Western-style are typically more rustic with shingle or lapped siding, and Chicago-style bungalows are frequently brick.

CAPE COD

CAPE COD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

• originated in New England in the 17th century

• Low, broad frame building

• Generally 1.5 story

• Steep, pitched roof with end gables

• Large central chimney 

• Very little ornamentation

COUNTER

CULTURE

Time Period/Purpose

20th Century (1960-70s)

Hippie movement

Structures built to become one with nature.

“Destroy Box-reality”

Buildings/Materials

Geodesic domes

Could have solar panels

Vernacular Building

Typically wood, glass, dirt

Curved lines, represents nature

Match color of nature

1-2 stories

Residential

Counter culture designs gained popularity in the 1960’s and 1970’s with the hippie movement

Most popular in the SouthwestMainly one floorMaterials:

GlassWoodSteelThe domes are made of glass or wood panels with steel frames.

This allows for minimal use of materials for the most efficiency.

Counter Culture Architecture

Lines - CurvedColors - VeryShape - They are literally all dome shapedSpace - Open and uncluttered spaceTexture - Depends on the chosen materialValue - VariesBalance - RadialRhythm - Regular RhythmUnityyyyyyyyyyy

Design Elements/Principles

Characteristic of a Counter Culture

Geodesic domes provide huge, open spaces while providing structural integrity with minimal materials

Many of them incorporate solar panels for maximum energy efficiency

treehugger.com

inhabitat.com

domehome.com

Most of these utilize large windows for natural light and energy efficiency

Due to recent global issues with global warming, need for new forms of energy, etc. These types of domed houses are coming back due to their high efficiency in both space and energy.

Revival

CUBIC

CUBIC STYLE

1995 to current day

Usually Two Stories

First location was in Helmond Netherlands

http://dullneon.com/randomnotes/2011/10/kubuswoningen.html

MATERIALS

Glass

Steel

Wood

Very unique

http://siongchin.com/blog/?p=772

FEATURES

Geometric

Modern

Clean Horizontal lines

Calm peace and relaxation

http://fancycribs.com/22025-house-on-24th-street-by-steven-kent-architect.html

Developed by

Early 20th Century

Residential and Commercial Structures

2 or More Stories

Materials used Glass Steal Wood Concrete

Located in France Germany Netherlands Japan U.S.

Distinctive Features Cube Design Flat Roofs Big Windows

Cubic Style Architecture

Purpose Create Large Simple Structures

Site Location Depends on Type of Cubic Structure

Use of lines Horizontal/Vertical Lines

Form Cubism/Based on Squares

Color Neutral

Texture Smooth

Balance Asymmetrical

Proportion Asymmetrical/Symmetrical

Unity Similar Characteristics

Cubic Style Architecture