Class Three Ap1 Muscles

Muscles of the Head & Neck

Muscles from Weeks One and Two

SupraspinatusP: Supraspinous Fossa of the scapulaD: Greater tubercle of the humerus

1. Abducts the arm at the shoulder jointPart of the rotator cuff muscle group

InfraspinatusP: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

D: Greater tubercle of the humerus

1. Laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

Part of the rotaor cuff muscle group

Teres minorP: Superior lateral border of the scapula

D: Greater tubercle of the humerus

1. Laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

Part of the rotator cuff muscle group

SubscapularisP: Subscapular fossa of the scapula

D: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

1. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

Part of the rotator cuff muscle group

Teres MajorP: Inferior lateral border of the scapula

D: Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

1. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

2. Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

3. Extends the arm at the shoulder joint

DeltoidP: Lateral clavicle, acromion process, and the spine of the scapula

D: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

1. Abducts the arm at the shoulder joint (entire muscle)

2. Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint (anterior deltoid)

3. Extends the arm at the shoulder joint (posterior deltoid)

4. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint (anterior deltoid)

5. Laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint (posterior deltoid)

CoracobrachialisP: Coracoid process of the scapula

D: Medial shaft of the humerus

1. Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint

2. Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

Biceps BrachiiP: Long head: Supraglenoid

tubercle of the scapula

Short head: Coracoid process of the scapula

D: Radial tuberosity

1. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint (entire muscle)

2. Supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joints (entire muscle)

3. Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint (entire muscle)

BrachialisP: Distal ½ of the anterior shaft of the humerus

D: Ulnar tuberosity

1. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint

Triceps BrachiiP: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Lateral head: Posterior shaft of the humerus

Medial head: Posterior shaft of the humerus

D: Olecranon process of the ulna

1. Extends the forearm at the elbow joint

Pronator Teres MuscleP: Humeral head: Medial

epicondyle of the humerus via common flexor tendon

Unlnar head: Coronoid process of ulna

D: Laterla radius

1. Pronates the forearm at the radioulnar joint

2. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint

Flexor Carpi RadialisP: Medial epicondyle of the

humerus

D: Radial hand on the anterior side

1. Flexes the hand at the wrist joint

2. Radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint

Palmaris LongusP: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

D: Palm of hand

1. Flexes the hand at the wrist joint

Flexor Carpi UlnarisP: Medial epicondyle of the

humerus

D: Ulnar hand on the anterior side

1. Flexes the hand at the wrist joint

2. Ulnar deviates (adducts) the hand at the wrist joint

BrachioradialisP: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

D: Styloid process of the radius

1. Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis1. Flexes fingers 2-5 at the

metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

2. Flexes the hand at the wrist

Pronator QuadratusP: Anterior distal ulna

D: Anterior distal radius

1. Pronates the forearm at the radioulnar joints

Flexor digitorum profundus1. Flexes fingers 2-5 at the

metacarpophalangeal and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

2. Flexes the hand at the wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis LongusP: Lateral supracondylar ridge of

the humerus

D: Radial hand on the posterior side

1. Extends the hand at the wrist joint

2. Radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint

Extensor Carpi Radialis BrevisP: Lateral epicondyle of the

humerus

D: Radial hand on the posterior side

1. Extends the hand at the wrist joint

2. Radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint

Extensor Digitorum1. Extends fingers 2-5 at the

metacarpophalangeal and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

2. Extends the hand at the wrist joint

Extensor Digiti Minimi1. Extends the Little Finger at the

Metacarpophalangeal and Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints

2. Extends the hand at the wrist joint

Extensor Carpi UlnarisP: Lateral epicondyle of the

humerus and the ulna

D: Ulnar hand on the posterior side

1. Extends the hand at the wrist joint

2. Ulnar deviates (adducts) the hand at the wrist joint

SupinatorP: Lateral epicondyle of the

humerus and proximal ulna

D: Proximal radius

1. Supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joints

WEEK THREEWEEK THREEMuscles of the Head and Neck

Temporalis MuscleP: Temporal fossa

D: Coronoid process and the ramus of the mandible

1. Elevates the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Very painful cramp when the temporalis muscle goes into spasm

MasseterP: Inferior margins of both the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch of the temporal bone

D: Angle, ramus, and coronoid process of the mandible

1. Elevates the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Lateral PterygoidProtracts the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Medial PterygoidElevates the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Trapezius muscleP: Occiput, nuchal ligament, and

SPs of C7-T12

D: Lateral clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula

1. Laterally flexes the neck and the head at the spinal joints (upper)

2. Extends the neck and the head at the spinal joints (upper)

3. Contralaterally rotates the neck and the head at the spinal joints (upper)

4. Elevates the scapula at the scapulocostal joint (upper)

5. Retracts (adducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal joint (entire muscle)

6. Depresses the scapula at the scapulocostal joint (lower)

Splenius CapitisP: Nuchal ligament and SPs of C7-

T4

D: Mastoid process of the temporal bone and the occipital bone

1. Extends the head and the neck at the spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the head and the neck at the spinal joints

3. Ipsilaterlly rotates the head and the neck at the spinal joints

Splenius Capitis: Nuchal ligament and SP’s of C7-T4

Splenius Capitis: Mastoid process of the temporal bone and occipital

bone

Splenius Cervicis1. Extends the neck at the

spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints

3. Ipsilaterally rotates the neck at the spinal joints

Levator scapulaeP: TPs of C1-C4

D: Medial border of the scapula, from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula

1. Elevates the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

2. Extends the neck at the spinal joints

3. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints

Levator Scapulae: TP’s of C1 – C4

PlatysmaP: Subcutaneous fascia of the superior chest

D: Mandible and the subcutaneous fascia of the lower face

1. Draws up the skin of the superior chest and neck, creating ridges of skin of the neck

Sternocleidomastoid P: Sternal head: Manubrium of the

sternum

Clavicular head: Medial clavicle

D: Mastoid process of the temporal bone

1. Flexes the head at the spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the neck and the head at the spinal joints

3. Contralaterally rotates the neck and the head at the spinal joints

Head and Neck Topographic Anatomy

Streets of Venice

Anterior Scalene

P: TPs of the cervical spine

D: 1st rib

1. Flexes the neck at the spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints

3. Elevates the first rib at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

Middle Scalene

P: TPs of the cervical spine

D: 1st rib

1. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints

2. Flexes the neck at the spinal joints

3. Elevates the first rib at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

Middle Scalene: TP’s of C2-C7

Middle Scalene: Superior surface of first rib

Posterior Scalene

P: TPs of the cervical spine

D: 2nd rib

1. Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints

2. Elevates the second rib at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

Posterior Scalene: TP’s C5-C7

The SuboccipitalsRectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor: Extends the head at the Atlanto-Occipital joint

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor1. Extends the head at the

Atlanto-Occipital joint

Suboccipital Muscles cont.Obliquus Capitis Inferior:

Ipsilaterally Rotates the Atlas at the Atlantoaxial joint

Suboccipital Muscles cont.Obliquus Capitis Superior:

Extends the head at the Atlanto-Occipital joint

Superficial Muscles of Back

Intermediate Muscles of Back

Deep Muscles of Back

Have client supine Place palpating fingers on the temporal

fossa. Ask client to clench and relax the teeth. Feel for the contraction and relaxation of

the muscle. The inferior attachment on the coronoid

process of the mandible can be palpated if the client opens mouth widely. Difficult to distinguish from the masseter.

Have client supine Place palpating fingers between the

zygomatic arch and the angle of the mandible.

Ask the client to alternately clench the teeth and relax.

When the masseter contracts it may visibly bulge out.

Have the client prone Place palpating hand over the upper

trapezius. Have client actively abduct the arm at

the shoulder joint and retract the scapula

Repeat above to palpate the middle and lower trapezius

To further bring out the upper trapezius, have the client slightly extend the neck

Client seated Locate posterior margin of SCM and the

anterior margin of the upper trapezius. Palpate the superior aspect of the triangle formed by these muscles (posterior triangle of the neck)

Ask client to actively rotate the head and neck. Feel for contraction of the ipsilateral splenius capitis

Giving resistance may further bring out the muscle

Client seated with the forearm in the small of the back

Place palpating hand just superior to the superior angle of the scapula

Have client perform short, quick range of motion of active elevation of the scapula and feel for the contraction of the levator scapulae.

Continue palpating superiorly into the posterior triangle of the neck

Have the client seated Place palpating hand on the

anterolateral neck Ask client to forcefully contract the

platysma by depressing and drawing the lower lip laterally, while keeping the mandible fixed in a position of slight depression.

Have client seated with the neck and head rotated to one side.

Stand on the opposite side. Place palpating hand on the

anterolateral neck of the side where you are standing.

Now resist the client from laterally flexing the neck and head toward the side you are standing and feel for contraction of the SCM.

Have client seated Locate lateral margin of the SCM Place palpating fingers slightly lateral to the

lateral margin of the SCM and just superior to the clavicle

Ask the client to take in short, quick, deep breaths through the nose and feel for contraction of the anterior and middle scalenes

Palpate more medially for the anterior scalene and slightly more laterally for the middle scalene

Be careful of the brachial plexus

Have client seated and do the same procedure as the anterior and middle scalenes

Continue palpating more posteriorly for the posterior scalene

To distinguish from the levator scapulae have the client alternate between elevating the scapula and taking in a deep breath.

To distinguish from the upper trapezius have the client alternate between abducting the arm and retracting the scapula and taking a deep breath