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Climate Resilient CitiesReducing Vulnerabilities to Climate Change Impacts and StrengtheningDisaster Risk Management in East Asia’s CitiesJuly 14, 2008, Pattaya Thailand
Neeraj Prasad, Federica Ranghieri, Ravi Sinha, and Earl Kessler
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Overview of presentationo Background and project inceptiono The “Primer” – What is it? Why have one? o Climate change and disasters in EA citieso Objectives and organization of the Primero Hot spots and identifing prioritieso Creating a city information baseo City case studies and key lessons learnedo Conclusions and Q&A
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Background
o Where did the demand for the project come from?
o How did the project take shape and how was the team selected?
o What methodology was adopted and how was this implemented?
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What is the Primer?
o The Primer outlines city typologieso It integrates climate change with DRMo It presents a “hot spot” tool for identifying city-
specific priorities for actiono It identifies both adaptation and mitigation
strategies at the local level, based on learning from regional and global sound practices
o The Primer is applicable to a range of cities - from those starting to build awareness on climate change to those with climate change strategies and institutions already in place
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Why do we need a Primer?
o Climate change and its impacts are realo Climate change impacts are felt at local levelo Climate change impacts and broader natural
disasters can undermine sustainable development, growth, and poverty reduction
o Cities should be aware of risks to determine strategies to anticipate impacts
o Cities can adopt alternative, “cleaner” development paths to reduce future impacts
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Why East Asia specifically?
o East Asia is urbanizing rapidly: 2 million new residents every month
o Climate change induced disasters in East Asia cities affect their economic growth and poverty reduction efforts
o East Asia cities are already vulnerable to multiple natural hazards – even without climate change impacts
o The need for a new way to develop and manage cities
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Asia’s mega cities
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Urban growth needs to be climate-proofed
Sour
ce: A
ngel
et a
l., 2
005
If average densities continue to decrease, doubling of the developing world's urban population by 2030 will result in a tripling of their built-up areas.
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East Asia is at high risk for climate change impacts
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
Lo
w E
lev
ati
on
Co
as
tal Z
on
e U
rba
n
Po
pu
lati
on
(2
00
0)
Chi
na
Indi
a
Japa
n
Indo
nesi
aBa
ngla
desh
Viet
nam
Thai
land
Phili
ppin
es
Mya
nmar
Source: SEDAC, Columbia Univ., 2007
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East Asia is at high risk for natural disasters
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Major population centers are severely impacted
Source: SEDAC, Columbia Univ., 2007
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The Primer: Understanding how to reduce vulnerabilities
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Objectives of the Primer
o To understand the issues and impact of climate change at the city level
o To engage in a participatory approach to establish vulnerabilities to potential climate change impacts
o To learn about the why and the how through illustrative examples from other cities
o To build resilience to future disasters into planning and design through no-regrets endeavors
o To understand the requirements for moving from theory to practice
o To engage in partnerships and shared learning with other cities facing similar problems
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Organization of the Primer
o Section 1 - Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management
o Section 2 - Explaining Climate Change Impacts and Disaster Risk Management
o Section 3 - Assessment Exercise in the Determination of a HOT SPOT
o Section 4 - Creating a City Information Baseo Section 5 - Sound Practice Examples of
Adaptation and Mitigation o Section 6 – Conclusionso Additional resources available
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An integrated disaster management system
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Climate Change and DRM
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The “Hot Spot” exercise
“Given” • Geographic location • City size and growth rate• Governance structure• Disaster history
“Influentiable” • City management • Financial resources• Built environment• Disaster response systems• Economic impact of disasters
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City description and size
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Cities have a choice as to their physical footprints
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Governance, management, and financial resources
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Built Environment
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Urban poor and marginalized at greatest risk and suffer most
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Political and economic impacts
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Hazards and disaster response
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Early warning systems and effective response capabilities to limit damage
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Climate change impacts
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Building a city information base
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29
30
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Building resilient cities: Learning from experience
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Case Studies OverviewCity Geography Population
Tokyo Coastal, Very High EQ Hazard 34,250,000
New York Coastal 19,712,000
Jakarta Coastal, Moderate EQ Hazard 18,200,000
London Coastal 8,300,000
Milan, Italy Inland Plateau 5,000,000
Singapore Coastal 4,400,000
Hanoi Coastal 1,800,000
Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam Coastal 1,000,000
King County/Seattle Coastal, High EQ Hazard 570,000
Albuquerque, USA Inland Plateau 472,000
Venice, Italy Coastal 270,000
Rockville, USA Inland Plain 54,000
Dongtan, China Coastal, Moderate EQ Hazard --
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What to extract from the profiles
Detailed Profiles
City Profiles of Sound Practices (on CD)
Short Profiles
WHY? HOW?POLICYDETAILS
IMPLEMENTATIONDETAILS
COORDINATION
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Sound Practices and Lessons
1. Organizational structure & information-base
2. Institutional mechanism
3. Ownership by line departments
4. Climate change strategy
5. Public awareness
6. Accounting and reporting of GHG inventory
7. Hazard risk financing
8. DRM system considering CC impacts
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Sound Practices and Lessons
9. Mitigation: Energy sector
10. Mitigation: Transport sector
11. Mitigation: Built environment & density
12. Mitigation: Forestry and urban greenery
13. Mitigation: Financial mechanisms
14. Adaptation: Infrastructure
15. Adaptation: Water conservation
16. Adaptation: Public health
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Conclusions & next steps
o Key take-aways from todayo ?o ?o ?
o Post-Pattayao Synergies with ECO2 (more later)o Downscaling for specific clientso Investment infrastructureo Climate change strategies/ frameworks - TA
o Questions? (clarification only – open discussion later in the day)
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Investing in the future
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