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Columbuss Impact
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The Columbian Exchange
The long-termimpact and effects ofColumbus's voyagesto the Americas were
both good and bad. Columbus's journeys
started a new era of
transatlantic tradeknown as theColumbianExchange.
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European ships returned with exciting new foodsfrom the Americas--peanuts, pineapples, andtomatoes.
One new item, cocoa, set off a craze in Europe.
Another food, the potato, became the new food ofEurope's poor, helping to save them from
starvation.
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Columbian Exchange
Europeans brought to the Americas cropssuch as wheat, and domesticated animalssuch as the cow and the horse.
They brought firearms and the wheel andaxle, technologies that Native Americans didnot have.
Finally, Europeans introduced their cultureto the Americas, including European laws,languages, and customs.
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Native Americans Devastated
The arrival of the Europeans to the Americaswas misery for the Native Americans.
The greatest source of this misery was
disease. European diseases to the Americas:
Smallpox
Measles
Chicken Pox
Malaria
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Europeans Gain Wealth
Many Europeans believed that the diseasesthat ravaged the Native Americanpopulation was a sign that God favored
Europeans over Native Americans. God had sent Europeans to conquer the
Americas.
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Europeans ain
Wealth
The rival nations ofEurope all wanted togain land and wealth.
The Portugueseresented Spain's claimto the WesternHemisphere because
Spain used Portuguesetechnology forColumbuss voyages.
Portugal, therefore, sent4/22/12 88
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In 1494, at the urging of Pope Alexander,Portugal and Spain signed the Treaty ofTordesillas.
Under the treaty, the two countries divided alllands on Earth not already claimed by otherChristians.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
They did this bydrawing animaginary linearound the world
called the Line ofDemarcation.
Spain would rule
lands west of theline-most of theAmericas.
Portugal would-4/22/12 1010
T t f
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Treaty of
Tordesillas
The effects of this 500-year-old treaty can beseen today.
People in most of SouthAmerica, the part givento Spain, speak Spanish.
In Brazil, the area setaside for Portugal, mostpeople speak Portuguese
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Europe Increases Wealth
In the 1500s France, England,and the Netherlands began tomove into North America.
In the first century afterColumbus's voyage, theamount of gold and silver in
Europe's economy increased by8x
This gold came from the mines
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Africans Enslaved
To supply theAmerican foods thatEuropeans demanded,Portugal and Spain
establishedplantations
Plantation--large
farming operationthat produced cropsnot for use but forsale.
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Africans Enslaved
At first, soldiers kidnappedNative Americans andforced them to work on the
plantations. Unaccustomed to that type
of work and weakened by
disease, these slaves did notprovide a reliable laborforce.
Europeans then turned to4/22/12 1414
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Africans Enslaved
In 1517, the first enslavedAfricans arrived in theAmericas.
The need for labor in theAmericas turned theslave trade into anindustry.
From West Africa,Europeans began tradingfor slaves.
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Africans Enslaved The West Africans
who were forced intoslavery generallyincluded thehealthiest people-
could handle theconditions.
9 to 11 million total
slaves were importedto the Americas.
Mere numbers
cannot portray the4/22/12 1616
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