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Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

ACCCRN – Connecting people to

build Inclusive Urban Climate Change

Resilience

Jim Jarvie

Pioneered by:

acccrn.net

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Urbanization & S.E. Asia

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Geography Cities Population % urban areas % population

World 1,009 2,059,386,000 100% 100%

Africa 120 221,668,800 12% 11%

Asia 532 1,173,970,000 53% 57%

Europe 144 211,216,000 14% 10%

N America 132 268,152,000 13% 13%

S America 74 169,601,000 7% 8%

Oceania 7 14,779,000 1% 1%

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

THE JOY OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Profile:

• 9-year initiative launched in 2008.

• US$ 59 million invested in 10 cities in 4 Asian countries and expanding.

ACCCRN OVERVIEW

Outcomes:

• Capacity of Cities to plan, finance, coordinate and implement climate change resilience strategies.

• Expansion, deepening of experience, scaling up.

• Network for Knowledge, learning and engagement.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Value proposition:

The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) connects people and institutions building inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience (UCCR) to create knowledge, access resources, and influence agendas.

ACCCRN OVERVIEW

Impact:

The resilience and capacity of cities in relation to current and future climate risks is enhanced, and through this work the lives of poor and vulnerable people are improved.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Research, development and impact…

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

TARGETING DELIVERY

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

RESILIENCE – THE QUESTION OF DEFINITION…

• Bridges adaptation & mitigation divides.

• Addresses complex and dynamic systems.

• Assumes adaptive learning, flexible institutions, but overlooks power and politics.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

RESILIENCE ≠ POVERTY ALLEVIATION

ACCCRN practitioners are saying “RESILIENCE” needs to be meaningful and placed in contexts, specifically:

• What is having its resilience built?• Who is benefitting?• Under what authority are measures being

taken?

This needs to be understood to ensure resilience is based on inclusion and social justice, has pro-poor outcomes, and does not just benefit power-brokers.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

URBAN RESILIENCE – POLITICAL CONTEXT

• Rapid urbanization continues to cause huge transformations of land and society.

• Politics behind planning processes are often suspect.

• Trade and the private sector drive urban expansion and environmental degradation in Asia but resilience dialogue is among NGO / science / “friendly” civil society sectors.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

URBAN RESILIENCE – POLITICAL CONTEXT

Mainstreaming myths: • Rational policy and planning

processes exist.• Working law, and enforcement of

regulations, is the norm.• Policy & practice are technical issues,

not about politics and power.

Mismatch between policy and implementation is rarely considered:

• Making IMPACT needs a radical rethinking of ‘mainstreaming’.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

URBAN RESILIENCE – POLITICAL CONTEXT

Local government & knowledge – common problems:

• Insider information can be used to maneuver around regulations while playing a critical role over land, generating financial & political capital.

• Closed ownership of information.

• Roles and influence of related actors and networks murky, especially private sector investment with overwhelming influence.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

URBAN RESILIENCE – POLITICAL CONTEXT

Land and information:

• Underpinning urbanization is land use change and expansion (into wetlands, floodplains, coasts and slopes).

• Land use change and expansion increases value of land.

• Conversion creates climate risks & causes displacement shocks: the poor hit hardest.

• Information on land use can be exploited if not in the public domain.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Lack of inclusion…

Slums Flooding

West Jakarta

North Jakarta

East Jakarta

South Jakarta

Central Jakarta

DepokDistrict

BekasiDistrict

Province of

Tangerang

Java Sea

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

URBAN RESILIENCE – POLITICAL CONTEXT

Research and impact:

• Development support and technical advice focuses on planning as a technical, capacity dependent exercise, but it is closely related to legitimacy and authority of the state.

The BIG issue:

• Planning outcomes are largely focused on election cycle dependent, tactical, cash-rich infrastructure development instead of long-term urban strategies protecting constituents.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

URBAN RESILIENCE – POLITICAL CONTEXT

Perception Reality

The problem of policy and planning is often presented as a weakness of implementation needing capacity building as a solution.

Weak enforcement systems can be used to legitimize questionable practice.

Planning suffers a lack of checks and balances.

System kept weak allowing elite resource capture.

Urban expansion is chaotic because of weak planning and implementation.

Urban expansion arises from strong actors amassing benefits; pliable planning processes legitimizequestionable practices.

Planning should bring order and a basis for law for urban management.

Lack of recognition that policy and planning serves purposes other than representative governance.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

URBAN RESILIENCE – RESEARCH & IMPACT

1. Explicit recognition of implementation challenges.

2. Developing “shared value propositions” with power centers, and particularly the private sector.

3. Integrating urban systems with wider environment.

4. Putting pro-poor values center stage including justice, rights, and wellbeing.

5. Using the power of information freedom, media and advocacy.

6. Actively seek pathways of delivery.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

PRO-POOR RESILIENCE BUILDING - ISSUES

• Resilience building should be a platform for reconfiguring environmental and urban policy.

• Planning as a shared value proposition incorporating representative governance and commercial drivers.

• Research and implementation of technical solutions, including capacity building, the focus of most project effort, is the least of our worries and likely has the least pro-poor impact.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

SDG 11: URBAN, BUT DEMOCRACY WITHERS…

Sustainable Development Goal 11 — “ensure universal access to adequate, safe and

affordable housing and basic services; to enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management; and to increase the number of

communities adopting and implementing policies that embrace inclusion, resource

efficiency, mitigation and adaptation strategies that enable resilience to climate change”.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

RESEARCH IMPACT - A SENSE OF SCALE

Item US$ ACCCRN/MCAgainst 10

million

$3,200,000 $10,000,000

Toll road / km $7,704,160 0.4 1.3

Office building floor $1,369,628 2.3 7.3

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

RESEARCH IMPACT - A SENSE OF SCALE

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

NEXUS: CITIES, ENVIRONMENT & INCLUSION

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

2007 flood impact

• Poor hit hardest and considered the least

– In 2007, > 50 dead and 340,000 displaced

– Fresh water restricted

– Dengue and diarrhea

– Untenured “resettlement”

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

2013 - environmental impact on business

• The Association of General Insurance Companies (AAUI) estimated its members would have to pay claims of US$ 300 million, 50% higher than for flood-related claims in 2007, which was in turn greater than the value paid out after the 2002 flood.

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Thailand - flood

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Thailand – drought

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

The Semarang mangrove

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

The Semarang mangrove

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

The Semarang mangrove

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

The Semarang mangrove

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change

Resilience

acccrn.net

THANK YOU,

AND JOIN US!Contact Persons:

Ratri Sutarto

ACCCRN Director

rsutarto@id.mercycorps.org

Jim Jarvie

ACCCRN

jjarvie@hq.mercycorps.org

Mercy Corps Indonesia

Graha STK, F Floor Suite F01

Jl. Taman Margasatwa No.3,

Ragunan, Pasar Minggu,

Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia,

12550

ASIAN CITIES CLIMATE CHANGE

RESILIENCE NETWORK

Connecting People to Build Inclusive Urban Climate Change Resilience

Evidence for research impact…

Scenario• ESPA has funded your research project on urban and environment issues. Your

team has evidence that anticipated expansion of your target city will exceed water access thresholds given increased demand and 30 year climate projections.

• The mayor is being investigated for corruption charges related to land speculation.

• You have a presentation of your findings next week to the mayor, city assembly, civil society and the press

• A new Philanthropic Foundation is very concerned about this city’s future and is willing to give you 5 year, £3,000,000 grant to build on your work and increase inclusive city resilience to water shortage.

Task

• What indicators can you suggest to the Foundation that will demonstrate research impact at years 1, 3 and 5 during the project; and years 10, 20 and 30 post-funding?