View
229
Download
4
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-1
Chapter Chapter 22
Chapter Chapter 22
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-2
The insides of a tower cabinet PCThe insides of a tower cabinet PC
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-3
Data StorageData StorageAnalog versusAnalog versus DigitalDigital
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-4
Analog to Digital CodingAnalog to Digital Coding
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-5
Data StorageData Storage
AnalogAnalogtoto
DigitalDigitalConversionConversion
CompactDisc
AnalogSignal
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-6
Data StorageData StorageBitsBits
Binary DigitsOn-bits & Off-bits
BitsBitsBinary DigitsOn-bits & Off-bits
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-7
Bits on the surface of a magnetic Bits on the surface of a magnetic diskdisk
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-8
Data in a ComputerData in a ComputerPrimary Storage - RAM (Temporary)
Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent)
Data in a ComputerData in a ComputerPrimary Storage - RAM (Temporary)
Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent)
Data StorageData Storage
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-9
Encoding SystemsEncoding SystemsASCII & ANSIUnicode
ASCII & ANSIUnicode
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-10
ASCII character encodingASCII character encoding
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-11
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-12
Non-English characters representedNon-English characters representedusing 16-bit Unicodeusing 16-bit Unicode
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-13
The Computer The Computer SystemSystem
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-14
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-15
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-16
Parallel ProcessingParallel Processingeach auxiliary processor handles a piece of the each auxiliary processor handles a piece of the
problemproblem
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-17
The Computer The Computer SystemSystem
Random Access Storage (RAM)DRAM - Dynamic RAMSRAM - Static RAM
RAM TechnologyCMOSSIMMs
Random Access Storage (RAM)DRAM - Dynamic RAMSRAM - Static RAM
RAM TechnologyCMOSSIMMs
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-18
RAM chips (center) and auxiliary RAM chips (center) and auxiliary processorsprocessors
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-19
System System MemoryMemoryROM
PROMFlash MemoryCache Memory
ROMPROMFlash MemoryCache Memory
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-20
Flash memory common for laptopsFlash memory common for laptops
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-21
Non-volatile memory is preferred for Non-volatile memory is preferred for its durability in rugged settingsits durability in rugged settings
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-22
Processor Processor FunctionsFunctions
Read & Interpret Program Instructions
Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components
Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM
Read & Interpret Program Instructions
Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components
Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-23
Arithmetic Logic UnitArithmetic Logic Unit
Arithmetic & Logic unit performs all computations and logical operations
Arithmetic & Logic unit performs all computations and logical operations
2+2=4
2+2<5
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-24
BusesBusesALALUU
FLASFLASHH
CPUCPU
RAMRAM ROMROMDevice Device
ControllersControllers
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-25
How the Processor How the Processor WorksWorks
Execute InstructionALU
Instruction Time
Execution Time
Pla
ce R
esu
lt in
Mem
ory
ALU
to R
AM
Decod
e In
stru
ctio
nC
on
trol U
nit
Fetch InstructionRAM to Control Unit
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-26
ProcessingProcessing
CISCRISCParallel Processing
MPP
CISCRISCParallel Processing
MPP
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-27
RISC-based IBM System/3000RISC-based IBM System/3000
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-28
Processor PartsProcessor PartsWord Size
16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses
SpeedMegahertz MHzMIPSFLOPS & GFLOPS
Word Size16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses
SpeedMegahertz MHzMIPSFLOPS & GFLOPS
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-29
Cray T90 supercomputerCray T90 supercomputer64 GFLOPS (gigaflops)64 GFLOPS (gigaflops)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-30
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-31
Processor PartsProcessor PartsRam Capacity
KilobytesMegabytesGigabytesTerabytes
The Microprocessor
Ram CapacityKilobytesMegabytesGigabytesTerabytes
The Microprocessor
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-32
Meaningful measurementsMeaningful measurements
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-33
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-34
The MotherboardThe MotherboardMicroprocessorElectronic CircuitryMemory ChipsBusExpansion Slots
MicroprocessorElectronic CircuitryMemory ChipsBusExpansion Slots
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-35
System BoardSystem Board
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-36
Processor TypesProcessor TypesMotorola
PowerPC Intel
Pentium & Pentium Pro
MotorolaPowerPC
IntelPentium & Pentium Pro
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-37
Advantage Intel:Momentum & Proven Track RecordAdvantage Intel:Momentum & Proven Track Record
Processor TypesProcessor TypesMotorola
PowerPC Intel
Pentium & Pentium Pro
MotorolaPowerPC
IntelPentium & Pentium Pro
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-38
IBM/Motorola PowerPC chipIBM/Motorola PowerPC chip(Macintosh microprocessor)(Macintosh microprocessor)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-39
Intel Pentium MicroprocessorIntel Pentium Microprocessor(used on most PC’s)(used on most PC’s)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-40
Removal of etched wafers: each contains Removal of etched wafers: each contains 100-400 IC’s, and each IC contains 100-400 IC’s, and each IC contains
millions of transistorsmillions of transistors
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-41
Connecting PeripheralsConnecting Peripherals
PortsSerialParallelDedicated KeyboardDedicated Mouse
PortsSerialParallelDedicated KeyboardDedicated Mouse
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-42
Serial and parallel data transmissionSerial and parallel data transmission
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-43
Expansion Expansion BoardsBoardsISA Buses
MCA & EISA BusesLocal Buses
PCI Local BusVL Bus
SCSI Bus
ISA BusesMCA & EISA BusesLocal Buses
PCI Local BusVL Bus
SCSI Bus
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-44
PC ExpansionPC ExpansionGraphics AdapterSoundFax ModemPeripheral Device Interface
Serial & Parallel Ports
Graphics AdapterSoundFax ModemPeripheral Device Interface
Serial & Parallel Ports
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-45
Cable modemsCable modems(very fast internet downloads)(very fast internet downloads)
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-46
Network InterfaceSCSI Interface CardVideo CapturePC Cards
PCMCIA Technology
Network InterfaceSCSI Interface CardVideo CapturePC Cards
PCMCIA Technology
PC ExpansionPC Expansion
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-47
External modem for laptopExternal modem for laptopusing PCMCIA expansion slotsusing PCMCIA expansion slots
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-48
Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998
2-49
Telling Computers What To DoTelling Computers What To Do
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Coming next:Coming next:
Recommended