CrossRef for Libraries

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CrossRef Linking and Library Users 

“The vast majority of scholarly journals are now online, and there have been a number of studies of what features scholars find most valuable in e-journals. Seamless linking to and from citations, the original articles cited, and bibliographic databases always ranks extremely highly. DOI and CrossRef provide an increasingly flexible way of enriching scholarly literature online with actionable and persistent links .”

-- Sally Morris, Chief Executive of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers

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Outline

• Why the DOI and CrossRef?

• What’s a DOI?

• What does CrossRef do?

• DOIs in Use

• How CrossRef Enhances OpenURL Linking

• CrossRef’s Benefits to Librares and Users 

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The use of Internet references in academic literature is common, and Internet references are frequently inaccessible. The extent of Internet referencing and Internet reference activity in medical or scientific publications was systematically examined in more than 1000 articles published between 2000 and 2003 in the New England Journal of Medicine, The 

Journal of the American Medical Association, and Science. Internet references accounted for 2.6% of all references (672/25548) and in articles 27 months old, 13% of Internet references were inactive. Publishers,librarians, and readers need to reassess policies, archiving systems, and other resources for addressing Internet reference attrition to prevent further information loss. 

Dellavalle et al., INFORMATION SCIENCE: Going, Going, Gone: Lost InternetReferences, Science 2003 302: 787-788 (DOI:10.1126/science.1088234)

Why the DOI and CrossRef?

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What’s a DOI? 

• Analogous to the UPC bar code for

physical objects, a digital object

identifier is an alphanumeric stringcreated both to:

•uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic

content, and to•serve as a stable, persistent link to thatcontent’s location on the web 

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DOI: THE persistent identifier

• DOI is the only widely adopted persistent,actionable identifier for online scholarly works

• A DOI persists throughout changes incopyright ownership or location because it’s

 just a name used to look up an address in aneasily updateable directory

• The core functionality of the DOI system is toresolve the DOI to the registered, updateableURL 

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What’s a DOI look like? 

The DOI syntax is a NISO standard 

 In future, internet browsers will handle DOI s natively

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CrossRef’s mission 

• To provide services that bring thescholar to authoritative primary

content, focusing on methods thatare best achieved through

collective agreement by publishers

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What Does CrossRef Do?

• Provides technology infrastructure forlinking

No broken links in citations or database recordsbecause it uses the DOI

•Provides business infrastructure forlinking

One agreement with CrossRef is a linkingagreement with all CrossRef publishers

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Handle System

CrossRef/DOI linking recap

DOIResolver

dx.doi.org

Repository

Cited Item

DOI10.1000/123

Citation with DOI link

CLICK

10.1000/123

http://abc.publisher/page2http://abc.publisher/page2

Full text

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DOIs in Print

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DOIs in Table of Contents

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DOIs in Online Full Text

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E-First Publishing

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DOIs in Reference Citations

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DOIs in PubMed

DOI link

No DOI shown

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DOIs in Google

Reference to article

Publisher Site

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DOI links on the rise!

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DOI and OpenURL

•OpenURL is not an alternative toCrossRef and DOIs – they work

together

•The DOI system and CrossRef are

OpenURL aware; therefore publishersare OpenURL enabled via use ofCrossRef and DOIs

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Appropriate copy problem

 AggregatorLocal

OPAC

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Localized linking via DOI redirection

• Library installs local linking server

• User in library context clicks on a DOI link

• A “cookie” on user’s machine alerts DOIproxy server to redirect this DOI to the locallinking server

•Article-level metadata needed for localresolution can come from the source of thelink or from CrossRef via OpenURL 

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CrossRef, libraries, & the OpenURL

• CrossRef members are automaticallyOpenURL-enabled by via DOI redirection

• The DOI and OpenURL are complementarytechnologies

• CrossRef integrates with several local linking

solutions• CrossRef access is free for libraries!

O URL Li ki C l C R f

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OpenURL Aware 

OpenURL Linking Complements CrossRef

References

DOIServer 

ServerDOI 

OpenURL 

Metadata 

DOIlink  

http://www.sfx.edu/?doi=10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.560502.x

http://dx.doi.org/doi=10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.560502.x

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CrossRef Benefits Libraries and Users

• User navigation at the article level leads to increasedusage of electronic resources (access)

•DOI links can extend access to content not owned(access)

• CrossRef provides persistent DOI links (valid androbust)

• CrossRef helps find the appropriate copy

(appropriate and in context)• Article-level metadata look-up makes CrossRefpublishers OpenURL compliant

 Every month, over 5 million DOIs get clicked… 

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…and more !! …and more !! 

CERN 

…and more !! 

• Gateway to the DOI world

• Develops and maintains

the DOI standard

• Develops and maintains the

Handle system upon which

the DOI executes

The DOI Community

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DOI is the persistent linking standard.

The CrossRef network is rapidlyexpanding and already includeshundreds of primary andsecondary publishers, hundreds oflibraries, and millions of links….