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DC2004 xingxing_yao@pku.org.cn 1/36
Duan Minglian, Yao Xingxing, Zhang Jiuzhen
Dept. of Lib. and Inf. Science, Peking Univ.
A Study on Audiovisual Metadata
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Introduction
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Supported by the National Social
Science Foundation of China, A
project entitled Innovative Study on
Audiovisual Metadata and its Retrieval
has been in progress since March 2002,
at the Department of Information Management, Peking University.
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1 Study Design
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Three Preparative Studies
First, the status of audiovisual information resources and their characteristics were collected by a web survey and then analyzed to substantiate our objects.
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Three Preparative Studies
Second, general users’ and managers’ needs were examined carefully through a questionnaire survey.
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Three Preparative Studies
Third, existing metadata methods and projects on audiovisual resources were investigated and explored to get an overview.
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2 Characteristics of Audiovisual
resources
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Characteristics of Audiovisual resources
Large Amounts, Rapid Increase.Various Types, Different Formats. Widely Distributed Collecting
Organizations, Large Holdings.Special Characteristics, Serious
Information Organization Problems.
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Oriental Oriental Space Space
TimeTime
Oriental People Oriental People
Live BroadcastLive Broadcast
Stories of GrassrootsStories of Grassroots
An
other u
niq
ue title
An
other u
niq
ue title
for every program
for every program
A Program Called “Oriental Space Time” from China Central TV station
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Various information: creator (such as actor, singer, player, speaker, director, etc.) playing time, start point, end point, system, aspect ratio, sound characteristics, color, projection speed, playing speed and so on. As for date, there are copyright validity dates, first playing dates, last playing dates, license time and manufacture dates.
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3 Users’ Needs
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33
117
i ndi vi dual sorgani zati ons
Figure 2 ： Responses of users’ needs
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13
20
57
60
common users
professi onalusers
l i brari es andi nformati oncentersTV stati ons
Figure 3 ： Responses of users’ needs
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Users’ needs are summarized as the following: a. Most users are young to middle-aged
people, with higher educational background. b. Users’ needs vary distinctively. The
objective resources and users’ works or hobbies are closely related. c. To satisfy special demands of different
users, different organizations provide entirely different services.
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4 Our Study on Audiovisual Metadata Set
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4.1 Principles of Design
a. User’s Needs Principle. b. Simplicity and Operability Principle. c. Breadth and Depth Principle. d. Open and Extensibility Principle. e. Interoperability Principle
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4.2 Description layers of audiovisual resources
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Collective layer
Individual layer
Analytic layer
Audio information: a series of …
Static pictures: a group of picture
Videos: series TV play, or a column
Static pictures: a picture of the group
Audio information: a tape of the series
Videos: a program of the play or column
Static pictures: an object of the picture
Audio information: a song of the tape
Videos: a segment of the program Is
part of
Is part
of Has
parts
Has
parts
Resources
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4.3 Audiovisual Metadata Set
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Referred to DC elements and qualifiers, our Audiovisual Metadata Set presents 15 elements and 84 qualifiers altogether.
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Elements: Title Creator Subject and Keywords Description Publisher Contributor Date Resource Type
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Elements:
Format Resource Identifier Source Language Relation Rights Management Physical Description
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Qualifiers for the element “Description” : notes, abstracts, audience, awards, tableOfContents, version, colorMode, shootingPlace, cameraMotion, sceneRange, cameraAngle, placeofCollection, and holdingInstitution.
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Qualifiers for the element “Date” : created, issued, modified, valid, published, manufactured, copyright, firstBroadcasted, broadcasted, shot.
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Qualifiers for the element “Language” : track, subtitle and ISO639-2 (Code System Qualifier)
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Qualifiers for the element “Rights Management” : secretLevel, owner, kind, statement, user, authorizedScope, deadline, usage, and times.
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Qualifiers for the element “Physical Description” : extentOfItem, playingTime, startPoint, endPoint, system, aspectRatio, specialProjectionCharacteristics, soundCharacteristics, trackConfiguration, color, projectionSpeed, and size.
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Example 1: An Analytic Layer Record of the Video recording
Title: 泰山日出Creator [personal]: 刘慧 , 摄像Creator [personal]: 董平 , 导演Creator [personal]: 张政 , 主持Type: 动态图像Physical Description [startPoint]: 00: 36: 52: 00Physical Description [endPoint]: 00: 40: 39: 00Description [abstracts]: 泰山日出、太阳及观日石Description [shootingPlace]: 山东泰山Date [shot]: 1997-10-01Relation [isPartOf]: 山东泰安素材Description [placeOfCollection]: 北京Description [holdingInstitution]: 中央电视台Identifier [callNumber]: S000007
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Example 2: An Individual Layer Record of a Video recording
Title: 山东泰安素材Creator [personal]: 刘慧 , 摄像Creator [personal]: 董平 , 导演Creator [personal]: 张政 , 主持Type: 动态图像Publisher [placeOfManufacture]: 北京Publisher [manufacturerName]: 中央电视台Date [manufactured]: 1997-10-01Physical Description [extentOfItem]: 1 录像带Physical Description [playingTime]: 94min.Physical Description [color]: 彩色Physical Description [startPoint]: 00: 01: 00: 00Physical Description [endPoint]: 00: 94: 00: 00Physical Description [system]: PAL
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Language [track]: chiDescription [notes]: 1997 年 10 月由山东泰安电视台负责赴泰安拍摄。Description [abstracts]: 拍摄了山东泰山的正阳门、岱庙、南天门、岱庙大殿里的房顶、碧霞祠、大佛像等建筑；泰山风景，如，泰山山景、岱庙古树、树结、石碑、石刻、岩石松、高山流水、石头小路、群山等；尤其是泰山的日出、日落和山雾；泰山的挑山夫、爬山的儿童、登山的人、农民、岱庙执勤民警。此外，还拍摄了岱庙表演、皮影、泰山脚下招待所全景、房子。Description [shootingPlace]: 中国山东泰山Date [shot]: 1997-10-01Description [placeOfCollection]: 北京Description [holdingInstitution]: 中央电视台Identifier [callNumber]: S000007Rights Management [owner]: 中央电视台Rights Management [authorizedScope]: 可在国内与海外播放Rights Management [deadline]: 2002-11-01 至 0000-00-00
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5 Conclusion and Future works
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The Audiovisual Metadata Set is just a preliminary achievement of our project.
The mapping of our set to both DC and MARC (CNMARC and USMARC) is listed in our full report as a form. This lays the foundation of future interoperation among these metadata sets.
Work is still in progress!
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Some of the future tasks To evaluate and refine the Audiovisual
Metadata Set through real application.To encode the Set both with XML
Document Type Definition and RDF Schema.
To register the Set with authoritative metadata registries.
To popularize the Set by publishing.
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To design an audiovisual resource management system and to develop guidelines for it.To accelerate the efficient retrieval mechanism of audiovisual resources.To realize the interoperation among different metadata sets.To construct a well-suited Digital video library and then offer convenient services for users.
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Thank you for your attention!
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