Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically ... · Source: Ruiz Quiles, L., 2010....

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central America, the Caribbean and Angola (PI-UPR-1)

James Beaver and Consuelo Estevez, UPR, Puerto Rico

Timothy Porch, USDA-ARS-TARS, Puerto Rico

Juan Carlos Rosas, Zamorano, Honduras

Emmanuel Prophete, National Seed Service, Haiti

António Chicapa Dovala, IIA, Angola.

Bean research team at Zamorano

Participants in the bean and cowpea research techniques workshop held in Zamorano, Honduras – August 2009

IIA grain legume research team in Angola

Bean research team in Haiti

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Research Objectives • Develop, release and disseminate improved bean

germplasm and cultivars for Central America, the Caribbean and Angola.

• Select bean genotypes for adaptation to low N soils.

• Develop and test molecular markers for disease and pest resistance genes.

• Evaluate other dry pulse crops for production in Central America and the Caribbean

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Target Outputs

• Improved bean lines with enhanced levels of resistance to disease, insect pests and abiotic stress released and disseminated for Central America (Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua) and the Caribbean (Haiti and Puerto Rico).

• Identify potential sources of genetic resistance to the principal biotic and abiotic constraints identified and the development of bean breeding populations initiated in Angola.

Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus

Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus

Biotic constraints in Central America,

the Caribbean and Angola

Biotic constraints in Central America,

the Caribbean and Angola

Bean rust Common bacterial blight

Biotic constraints in Central America,

the Caribbean and Angola

Anthracnose

Angular leaf spot

Biotic constraints in Central America,

the Caribbean and Angola

Bruchids Aphids

Honduras – Terminal drought

Abiotic constraints in Central America,

the Caribbean and Angola

Abiotic constraints in Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola.

Haiti: Bean production on steep slopes

Bean cultivar releases in Central America and the Caribbean (2007-2012)

Conventional cultivars: Seed type Beníquez White Puerto Rico (2011) ICTA Sayaxche Black Guatemala (2010) INTA Matagalpa Small red Nicaragua (2010) Badillo Light red kidney Puerto Rico (2010) DPC-40 IDIAF Black Dom. Rep. (2009) Aifi Wuríti & XRAV40-4 Blacks Haiti (2008-09) CENTA Nahuat & CENTA CPC Small reds El Salvador (2008) Verano White Puerto Rico (2008) Cardenal & DEORHO Small reds Honduras (2007)

‘Amadeus 77’ planted on a small farm in southern Costa Rica. During the past five years, ‘Amadeus 77’ has been the most widely grown small red bean variety in Central America.

‘CENTA Pipil’ – Heat tolerant small red cultivar released in El Salvador

Bean farmers sorting seed of ‘Aifi Wuriti’ in La Vallee, Haiti. During 2011 and 2012, Zamorano and the National Seed Service provided ACDI/VOCA and FAO with additional basic seed stocks of this popular black bean variety.

Participatory Plant Breeding Activities

Bean cultivar releases in Central America and the Caribbean (2007-2012)

PPB cultivars: Seed type Surú White Costa Rica (2009) Quebradeño, Briyo AM, La Majada AF & Milagrito

Small red Honduras (2009)

Victoria & Don Cristóbal Small red Honduras (2007) Mar Rojo, Luisito & Río Rojo

Small red Nicaragua (2007)

Tonjibe Small red Costa Rica (2007)

Nurseries of breeding lines planted in Damien, Haiti – Feb 2010

Seed increase of black bean ‘Arroyo Loro Negro’ Mirebalais, Haiti – Feb 2009

Bean germplasm releases in Central America and the Caribbean (2007-2012)

Line Seed type TARS-MST1 & SB-DT1 Black Porch et al. (2012) PR0401-259 & PR0650-31 Pink &

Black Beaver et al. (2012)

TARS-HT-1 & TARS-HT-2 Red kidney Porch et al. (2010) TARS-SR-05 Small red Smith et al. (2007)

Project personnel have collected seed and evaluated the agronomic traits and disease resistance of Angolan bean landraces (susceptible to BCMV, BCMNV, common blight and rust).

Evaluation of bean trials – Huambo, Angola – Nov. 2009

Evaluation of bean diseases – Huambo, Angola – Nov. 2009

F5 y F4 Andean bean breeding lines for Angola

Line

CBB

3353

CBB

484A

SAP6 SW13

Pedigree

097155-2-M-1 3.0 3.0 (+) (+) [CELRK]x[Chinook Select]

097155-2-M-2 3.0 3.0 (+) (+) [CELRK]x[Chinook Select]

097155-7-M-3 3.0 3.0 (+) (+) [CELRK]x[Chinook Select]

102880-14-2 3.0 3.0 (+) (+) [USWK-6]x[0932-239-24]

102881-11-1 3.0 2.0 (+) (+) [GH88-2]x[USLK-2]

102881-11-2 3.0 3.0 (+) (+) [GH88-2]x[USLK-2]

Amarelo 6.0 6.3 (-) (-)

Katerina Cela 5.0 7.7 (-) (-)

Ervilha 6.7 5.3 (-) (-)

Source: M.S thesis of Monica Mbui, Univ. of Puerto Rico, 2011.

Identification Seed type

Total number of

holes in the seed

Percent seed

w/o holes

Percent seed

weight lost

AO-1012-29-3 Red kidney 14.5 75.0 0.0

AO-1012-27-2 Red kidney 9.5 65.0 0.0

Badillo Red kidney 129.0 0.0 45.0

Concepción Red mottled 150.0 0.0 37.5

Catarina Cranberry 132.0 0.0 37.5

Canaria Yellow 129.5 0.0 25.0

Verano White 150.0 0.0 25.0

Amadeus 77 Small red 122.5 0.0 33.3

CENTA Pupil Small red 110.0 0.0 25.0

Aifi Wuriti Black 140.5 0.0 33.3

DPC 40 Black 103.5 0.0 40.0

Mean 93.8 9.0 30.7

LSD(0.05) 18.0 8.9 12.6

CV(%) 9.7 50.1 20.7

Damage caused by bean weevil (Acanthoselides obtectus) in 20-seed

samples of common bean lines of diverse origin.

Development and Release of Improved Bean Cultivars and Breeding Lines during FY12

• Release of a small black cultivar with BGYMV, BCMV & web blight resistance and wide adaptation (ICTAZAM)

• Release of a small red cultivar that is tolerant to drought/low soil fertility and resistant to BGMYV and BCMV .

• Release of a small red cultivar with >10% higher iron content that is drought tolerant and resistant to BGMYV and BCMV.

• Release of a red mottled bean cultivar that combines resistance to BGYMV, BCMNV and common blight.

Development and Release of Improved Bean Cultivars and Breeding Lines during FY11 & FY12

• Development of black breeding lines that are resistant to BGYMV and BCMV and tolerant to drought/low soil fertility.

• Development of white, black and small red bean breeding lines that combine resistance to BGYMV, BCMV and bruchids.

• Development of yellow bean breeding lines for Haiti and Angola that are resistant to BGYMV and BCMV.

• Development of small red, black and white with multiple disease resistance (BGYMV, BCMV, rust, angular leaf spot and/or root rot).

Seed multiplication and dissemination activities

• Certified seed of small red and black bean cultivars developed

by the DGP CRSP project was produced and distributed by

governmental bean seed and fertilizer dissemination programs

in El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. These seed programs

have benefited more than 150,000 farmers in the region.

• During 2011, the National Seed Service (NSS) in Haiti produced

10 MT of seed of the black bean cultivar ‘DPC-40’.

• Zamorano and the NSS in Haiti provided FAO and ACDI VOCA,

an NGO located in Jacmel, with basic seed stocks of the black

bean variety “Aifi Wuriti’.

• Seed of BGYMV and BCMNV resistant red mottled line PR0737-1

multiplied in Haiti.

Seed multiplication of disease resistant black bean cultivar ‘DPC-40’ at Savane Zombi, Haiti – May 2011

Bean seed increase conducted in collaboration with the BTD project

Ana Gabriela Vargas and Roger Ramos, research technician from the DGP CRSP project at Zamorano The plots are for the production of foundation seed of ‘Aifi Wuriti’, ‘ICTAZAM’, ‘ICTA Ligero’ and ‘XRAV 40-4’. Certified seed is currently being produced in both Guatemala and Haiti

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Research Objectives • Develop, release and disseminate improved bean

germplasm and cultivars for Central America, the Caribbean and Angola.

• Select bean genotypes for adaptation to low N soils.

• Develop and test molecular markers for disease and pest resistance genes.

• Evaluate other dry pulse crops for production in Central America and the Caribbean

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Target Outputs

• One bean germplasm line with enhanced adaptation to low N soils released in Central America and or the Caribbean.

• Identify efficient Rhizobium strains for bean production in the CA/C and Angola

PR0443-151 vs. Morales

Amadeus 77 vs. PR0340-3-3-1

Evaluation in Puerto Rico for adaptation to low N soils

Performance of bean lines in + N (50 kg/ha) and – N (0 kg/ha) plots planted at Isabela, Puerto Rico in Jan. 2008.

Line Seed yield

(kg/ha) Rank in

the trial Agronomic efficency (kg of seed yield increase

/ kg of N applied)

+ N - N + N - N PR0443-151 1918 1461 2 3 9.1 IBC 309-23 1460 950 3 9 10.2 A 774 1359 1343 8 4 0.3 VAX 3 1467 1479 3 2 -0.2 PR0340-3-3-1 2300 2065 1 1 4.7 Mean 1199 837 7.2 LSD (0.05) 509 - Source: Dorcinvil, R. 2009. Respuesta agronómica de líneas de habichuela (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a la fertilidad de un Oxisol. M.S. Thesis Univ. of Puerto Rico.

Seed yield of black bean breeding lines in a low N environment.

PR0138 ( PR0518-10 / PR0401-257 )

PR0518 ( PR0518-10 /// Verano // PR0003-124 / Raven )

Line F3 UPR

low N

(kg/ha)

F3 TARS

low N, root rot

(kg/ha)

F4

low N

(kg/ha)

Other

traits

PR1038-25 2150* 742 1214* bgm, I

PR1039-13 2106* 1092 1165* bgm ,I

PR0518-10 1662 915 1586

Verano 1137 506 360

Source: Ruiz Quiles, L., 2010. Desarrollo de líneas de habichuela (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) con resistencia a BCMV, BGYMV y mejor adaptación en suelos bajos en N. M.S. Thesis, University of Puerto Rico.

Research in Nitrogen Fixation • Study the response to inoculation of different

cultivars with elite strains – Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899, CR 477 – Rhizobium etli UMR 1597, CIAT 632

• Conduct inoculation trials in different locations in Central America, the Caribbean and Angola.

• Isolate local strains for evaluation for BNF potential • Produce inoculant of the most efficient Rhizobium

strains • Study factors affecting nodulation and nitrogen

fixation (e.g. root rot)

Line Seed type UMR1597 CIAT 899

Feb-11 Sep-11 Feb-11 Sep-11

10IS-2435 Black 1851 1535 1741 1718

DPC-40 Black 1953 1469 1164 1583

Morales White 1768 1331 2008 1578

Beníquez White 1704 1387 2078 1469

Verano White 1718 1117 1754 1430

10IS-2421 Cream 1847 1326 1808 1508

10IS-2425 Navy 910 1229 989 1234

10IS-2417 Pinto 1583 1660 1795 1568

Trial mean 1503 1136 1485 1199

Line - **

Line x Strain - NS

Seed yield of bean lines inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 and Rhizobium etli

UMR 1597 at Isabela, Puerto Rico during 2011.

Nodulation of 10IS-2435 with Rhizobium

tropici strain CIAT 899, 30 days after planting

• Isabela, Puerto Rico

10IS-2435

Line Seed type UMR1597 CIAT 899

Feb-11 Sep-11 Feb-11 Sep-11

PR9745-232 Red mottled 868 592 881 449

PR0737-1 Red mottled 1539 889 1427 782

PR0737-2 Red mottled 1225 943 1208 749

PR0661-77 Red mottled 810 357 719 410

Badillo Red kidney 991 497 1200 739

PR0401-259 Pink 1277 984 1293 1033

10IS-2423 Small red 2503 1732 2218 1742

Trial mean 1503 1136 1485 1199

Line - **

Line x Strain - NS

Seed yield of bean lines inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 and Rhizobium etli

UMR 1597 at Isabela, Puerto Rico during 2011.

Effect of root rot on nodulation and plant growth of white bean cv. ‘Morales’

Artificially inoculated soil Non- inoculated soil

Planting BNF trial in Mirebalais, Haiti

Beans inoculated with Rhizobium

On-farm biological nitrogen fixation trials

Planting a bean trial inoculated with Rhizobium - Angola - Nov. 2009

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Research Objectives • Develop, release and disseminate improved bean

germplasm and cultivars for Central America, the Caribbean and Angola.

• Select bean genotypes for adaptation to low N soils.

• Develop and test molecular markers for disease and pest resistance genes.

• Evaluate other dry pulse crops for production in Central America and the Caribbean.

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Target Outputs

• Molecular markers identified and developed for the putative dominant genes for resistance to charcoal rot in common bean.

New genes and molecular markers for disease resistance

• A dominant gene for resistance to common bacterial blight was identified. This resistance gene was associated with the SAP 6 marker. (Zapata et al. 2011. Euphytica 179:373-382.

• Currently evaluating a different population to attempt to identify additional genes for CBB resistance.

• RIL’s from the cross ‘DOR 364 x BAT 477’ has been screened in the field for two growing seasons for reaction to ashy stem blight.

• Development of a greenhouse screening technique for ashy stem blight.

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Research Objectives • Develop, release and disseminate improved bean

germplasm and cultivars for Central America, the Caribbean and Angola.

• Select bean genotypes for adaptation to low N soils.

• Develop and test molecular markers for disease and pest resistance genes.

• Evaluate other dry pulse crops for production in Central America and the Caribbean.

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Target Outputs

• Collection and evaluation of Lima bean landraces collected from Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. assessed.

• Evaluation of the performance of cowpeas in Central America, the Caribbean and Angola.

• The development of improved tepary bean populations

Evaluation of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) landraces from Puerto Rico

Planting of six Lima bean landrace varieties – Damien, Haiti – February 2010.

Performance of Lima bean landraces from Puerto Rico

ID

Mean

seed yield

per plant

(g) Days from planting to

flowering

Seed

HCN

conc.1

(ppm)

Leaf

HCN

conc.

(ppm) PR

(Oct.) Hond.

(Jun) DE

(Jun) PL-08-01 1288 51 57 81 500 400 PL-08-02 1475 56 57 81 400 300 PL-08-05 613 76 - 101 75 500 PL-08-06 422 100 - - 60 200 Christmas 558 56 50 47 10 700 Sieva 701 56 94 35 50 300 1 Seed and leaf HCN levels determined by Emmalea Ernest – Univ. of Delaware.

Source of images: Orlando Toro, Programa de Recursos Genéticos,CIAT

Source of images: Orlando Toro, Programa de Recursos Genéticos,CIAT

Evaluation of cowpea lines from UC, Riverside in Honduras and Haiti.

Estudio de la diversidad fenotípica de germoplasma de Caupí [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] de Angola y un grupo de germoplasma que representa otras regiones del mundo

M.S thesis: António Ndengoloka David

Cowpea line Seed yield (kg/ha)

Protein (%)

Fe (ppm)

Zn (ppm)

Mar. Dec. Mar. Dec. Mar. Dec. Mar. Dec. 124/1375-3 1096 1181 26 24 57 79 45 40

124/2783-4 1028 1053 26 23 44 63 40 40

2870-5 1217 1293 25 22 46 55 34 43

124/1731-4 589 1026 27 24 73 79 53 41

CB46 (CA) 1380 732 24 22 42 39 42 45

Ife Brown (WA) 1687 1051 24 25 44 59 61 38

IT97-499-39 (IITA) 1373 960 25 24 49 57 40 36

PI 441917 (Brazil) 1639 1683 25 23 35 63 33 42

Performance of cowpea germplasm planted at Isabela, Puerto Rico during 2011.

Source: M.S thesis of Antonio David, Univ. of Puerto Rico, 2011.

Performance of tepary lines in non-stress and

drought stress trials in Juana Diaz, PR in 2011

Line Seed Non-Stress Drought Stress GM

Color

Arch.

(1-5) DTH

100SW

(g)

CBB

(1-9)

Yield

(kg/ha) DTH

100SW

(g)

Yield

(kg/ha)

Yield

(kg/ha)

PI-440801 yellow 3.8 59 14.3 2.5 1540 52 12.5 221 583

PI-440799 yellow 3.0 59 15.8 2.3 1903 54 14.3 286 738

Neb-T-1-s white 4.0 61 12.4 2.0 1304 53 11.3 590 877

PI-502217-s white 2.8 59 14.4 2.3 1941 54 11.5 389 869

Verano4 white 1.3 66 15.3 3.0 1219 67 10.0 4 70

Tep 15 white 2.5 60 12.7 2.0 1759 54 11.3 458 898

Tep 19 yellow 4.0 60 16.8 2.3 1691 54 15.8 626 1029

Mean 3.3 59.9 13.5 2.3 1661

LSD 0.9 2 1.6 0.6 441

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Formal Training • M.S. degree training at the UPR in plant breeding and

genetics of IIA grain legume researchers

• B.S. degree training at Zamorano in plant science of undergraduate students from Latin America and the Caribbean.

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Target Outputs

• Bean research personnel with sufficient skills and experience to continue to breed, test and release improved bean lines in Angola.

In 2011, IIA grain legume researchers Antonio David and Monica Mmbui completed M.S. degree training in plant breeding at the University of Puerto Rico.

Senior students from Zamorano University harvesting a BNF experiment as part of their research requirements for obtaining their BSc. degree. Ms. Ana Vargas in blue shirt (left) is currently a research assistant working with the DGP-CRSP Project .

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Informal Training during FY11 & 12 • Workshop at Zamorano - August 2010

– Future collaboration among bean research programs in Central America and the Caribbean.

– Identify formal and informal training needs for Central America and the Caribbean.

• BNF workshop at Zamorano – November 2011

• BNF workshop in Mozambique – April 2012

Bean research techniques workshop – Huambo, Angola – Nov. 2008

Bean research techniques workshop – Huambo, Angola – Nov. 2008

Bean inoculant workshop held at Zamorano in November 2011

Participants in the bean research techniques workshop in Honduras practicing making crosses.

Development, Testing and Dissemination of Genetically Improved Bean Cultivars for Central

America, the Caribbean and Angola

Capacity Building • Purchase of equipment and materials to improve IIA

laboratory and greenhouse facilities in Huambo, Angola.

• Purchase of laboratory materials and equipment to increase the capacity to conduct grain legume research in Haiti.

• Purchase of threshers for the IIA grain legume program in Angola and the National Seed Service in Haiti .

The UCR and UPR DGP CRSP projects received funding to improve IIA laboratory and greenhouse facilities at Huambo, Angola

The project has budgeted funds to purchase threshers for the IIA in Angola and the National Seed Service in Haiti. These threshers can be used to harvest beans, cowpeas, rice and maize.

Collaboration with other Dry Grain Pulses CRSP projects

• PI-UCR-1: Collaboration in the M.S. degree training of Antonio David and the evaluation of cowpea lines in CA/C.

• PI-MSU-1: Exchange of breeding lines, collaboration in the development of a RIL population for a drought study and informal training In Ecuador concerning Ascochyta blight research techniques. Screening lines for resistance to leafhoppers and BNF.

• PI-MSU-2 : Coordinate travel to Angola to improve communication and learn more about consumer preferences in Angola.

• BTD: Production of basic seed stocks of recently released cultivars.

Thank you for your attention