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8/12/2019 Distributed OnDemand Air Distributed On-Demand Air Transportation Using Small Airplanes and Small and Underutilized Community and Small and Underutilized Community Airports
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-Transportation Using Small Airplanes
Airports
Jerry N. HefnerNational Institute of Aerospace
Hampton, VAUSA
Hamburg, GermanySeptember 7, 2006
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Outline
Vision
Project
Status
Next Steps
Conclusions
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Current System Cannot Meet Future Needs
Hub Airports Are Approaching Gridlock During
Primary Operating Hours Demand at Hub Airports Will Grow by 200M
Passengers Over the Next Decade
NAS Gridlock Projections
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Air Travel is Becoming Increasingly Inefficient
Travel time by Car is Essentially the Same for Travel
Distances of 500 Miles or Less
After September 11, Hub Delays Have CausedBusiness Travelers to Seek Alternative Means of
Conducting Business, Especially for Short Trips Increased Business & Corporate Jet Travel
e econ erenc ng
Automobile
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Small Aircraft Transportation
To Bring Attractive, Affordable Air Transportation
Service to Every Community in America.
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ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SATS
Attractive Alternative for Transportation of People and Cargo for
Distances Between 200 and 800 Miles
Viable Transportation System for Citizens Living in Rural Areas NotServed b Commercial Air Service
Essential Transportation for Disaster Relief Efforts
New Service and Manufacturing Opportunities in a Community
New Jobs in Markets Such as Car Rental Hotels Restaurants etc.
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SATS Project:Develop/Demonstrate Feasibility of Four
mpor an pera ng apa es
ower an ng n mums atMinimally Equipped Landing Facil ities
Higher Volume Operations (HVO)in Non-Radar Airs ace and at Non-
Towered Airports
Increase Single-Pilot Performance
(SPP) Crew Safety & Mission Reliability
En Route Procedures & Systems for
Integrated (ERI) Fleet Operations
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Government/Industr Partnershi
National Consortium for Aviation
Mobilit (NCAM)
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Developed computer software to blend imagery on PFD
en an mages us ng a ap ve we g e average
Proportion of FLIR imagery increases as aircraft approaches
runway uccess u operat on emonstrate on recor e v eo
70% SV and 30% IR 20% SV and 80% IR
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LLM Flight Experiment
Demonstrated
-
accuracy and
situation
awareness
approach
operations to 200-
foot ceiling and1/2-
mile visibility
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Higher Volume Operations
Increase rate of operations at non-radar, non-towered airports by
Enabling Technologies:
.
Self Controlled Area (SCA)
40004000Ground-based AMM assigns sequence toarriving aircraft; seamlessly supportstraffic flow enerated b ATC controller.
Ai rport Management Module (AMM)
3000
2000
3000
IF
IAF
IAF
Pilots maintain separation
between themselves and otheraircraft using procedures and
Pilots operating in the SCA use: Multi-Function Display, Automat ic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast, two-way data link,
on-board automation. HVOconcept works for manydifferent approach geometries.
on board software, and sequence information from
ground automation (AMM)
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Higher Volume Operations
NASA Langley Flight Experiment
Showed pilots can fly these procedures safely,proficiently and with acceptable levels of
workload and situation awareness9
3
Baseline
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
1.5
2
2.5 SATS
0
1
2
Sc enar io 3 v s. 4 Sc enar io 5 v s. 6 Sc ena rio 7 v s. 8
0
0.5
Sc en ar io 3 v s. 4 Sc en ar io 5 vs . 6 Sc en ar io 7 v s. 8WORKLOAD SITUATION AWARENESS
Results Simulation and Flight Experiments of pi lots and controllers show a four-fold increase in
number of operations without an increase in workload or complexity. Flights into non-radar, non-towered airports predictable and efficient; air taxi and
charter operations become economical.
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in le-Pilot Performance
Pilot Cockpit AssociateLow-cost Electronic Flight Instrument System forgeneral aviation; Electronic Flight Bag
HVO Confl ict Alerting
Weather monitoring
Approach procedures
Navigation, performance, and safety information
Flight planning capabili ties
Aircraft health through audiosystem and MFD
Weather monitoring HVO funct ionality to the pilot
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En Route Integration
En Route Procedures & Systems for Integrated Fleet Operations
Focused on two areas:
Develop technologies/procedures to facilitate
NAS implementation and interaction
aircraft once inside the SCAWork with FAA to assess operational effectiveness of SATS concepts,
technolo ies and re uired airs ace/ rocedures
Traffic Modeling:
Modeling to assess the impact on NAS traffic density and flow
Project future point-to-point traffic demand triggered by SATS
Model impact of increased point-to-point traffic on NAS traffic density and
flow
Assess ability of NAS infrastructure to absorb increased traffic
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En Route Procedures & Systems for Integrated Fleet Operations
Proof of Concept simulation experiments:
Danville Regional Airport Philadelphia TRACON Joint FAATC/LaRC Simulation
Simulation Results:
aircraft into and out of SCA.
Potential to ease future airport congestion and delays. Procedures viable for non-towered air orts. Tailor size of SCA to specific airport sites. Refine clearance procedures and phraseology. Further research with mixed equipage.
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Transportation Systems
ssessmen s
Developed new and/or upgraded existingtransportation systems analytical modelsand simulation tools
to address key transportation modelvariables (being used by JPDO)
For case studies and simulations for:
North Carolina
Ohio Upper Great Plains Virginia c gan Northeast Corridor & the Southeast
Results (validated by providers) If operators could charge
$1.50 - $2.00/seat-mile they canmake a 20% profit
rate
2025 Demand Growth
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2025 Demand Growthrelative to 2005 level
OneOne--Way SATS trips in 2025:Way SATS trips in 2025:58,400 passengers/day58,400 passengers/day
Trips greater than 100 milesTrips greater than 100 miles
25,800 fl ights/day25,800 fl ights/day
1001006,0006,000 -- 7,000 VLJs7,000 VLJs 9090
808071d
(%)
d(%)
Personal
Business7070
606048D
ema
n
Dema
n
4040
3030 29reased
reased
2020
1010IncInc
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SATS Project Accomplishments
Demonstrated feasibili ty of enhanced operating capabilitiesto perm t more re a e access to commun ty a rportsincluding:
need for expensive radar, control towers, or groundnavigation systems
Guidance system for safe, reliable aircraft operationto/from small airports in low visibility conditions
g con ro an gu ance sp ays or sa e, easy- o- y,single pilot aircraft operation with enhanced situationawareness
Acknowledged as the first step toward the Next GenerationAir Transportation System - Capabilities directly contribute to
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What is Status of SATS Toda ?
Small airplanes are util izing small Cessna MustangCessna Mustang EmbraerEmbraerairports Fractional ownership Air charters
Air taxis
The number of small advancedpiston and VLJ aircraft
EclipseEclipse DiamondDiamond
manufacturers is growing.
FAA is now embracing ideas for Adam AircraftAdam AircraftAdam AircraftAdam Aircraft HondaHondasmall aircraft using small airports.
SATS Project did not completeneeded research.
Both im lementation and
ToyotaToyotaAvocetAvocetAvocetAvocet
additional R&D is required
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Next Steps
er ca on o eve opeSystems
HUD
EFB/CA Low-Cost Wx/Lighting
Evaluation Trial
Operations
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Independent Assessment andGuidance for Federal R&D
Investments in Aeronautics Report published in Apri l
2005, but did not includeSATS vision
NIA conducted a supplementalassessment in Fall of 2005 ofnext ste s for SATS
The Supplemental NIA report
Provided a National Directiveto Implement SATS
Identi fied Required R&D
Published January 2006
http://www.nianet.org/nianews/community_air_transport.php
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Service Reliabilit
Integration into the Airspace
Self-control led airspace
Performance Based Operational Capability
Combined Vision
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ervice Reliabilit
Integration Into NAS
Evaluate ADS-B/Radarsurveillance at non-towered
airports
Define network centricoperation & data link
Evaluate operationalefficiencies obtained with
Assess technology to alleviatecapacity constraints andcontro er wor oa
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Service Reliability (Cont.)
Self Controlled Airspace
Modeling of Alternative SCA Concepts
SCA Automation System Development
SCA S stem Validation
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Service Reliabilit Cont.
Real-Time ANP and RNP
Determine Recommended Credits
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Service Reliabilit Cont.
Simulation and Flight Test Evaluation
S nthet ic Vision +=
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Weather afet
Real time cockpit intelligence
Enhanced weather forecasting
Airport weather sensors
Enhanced icing safety
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ea - me oc p ea er n e gence
Intuitive Weather Data Interpretation
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Weather Safet Cont.
Airport Weather Sensors
Microelectronic Sensor R&D
Airport Weather Dissemination
Slant Range Visibil ity Sensor R&D
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Weather Safet Cont.
Icing Forecasting and Avoidance
Icing Detection, Prevention, and Removal
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en ance s ng e p operformance
single pilot operation aircraft automation
open architecture
- ,
auto-flight systems envelop protection and
automation
autopilot with auto-throttle
-
real time WAAS non-precisionapproach procedure design
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ommunit om atibilit
Small aircraft safety improvement
Small aircraft and airport security
Communit noise reduction
Small aircraft emissions
Real time health safety monitoring
Small aircraft ride quality improvement
C it C tibilit
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Communit Com atibilit
Small Aircraft Safety Improvement
a e y n ancemen s rom eaMonitoring Systems
Safety Enhancements from Pilot
Training
Total System Safety Assessment
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Small Aircraft and Airportecur y
Evaluate Small Aircraftand Small AirportSecurity InfrastructureRequirements
Developed EncryptedADS-B Based Security
en ca on ys em orSmall Aircraft
on uc es ng anDevelop Standards forAirborne Small Aircraft
Community Compatibility (Cont )
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Community Compatibility (Cont.)
ommun y o se e uc on
Flight Trajectory & Aircraft SystemsNoise Reduction
Communit Com atibilit Cont
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Communit Com atibilit Cont.
Small Aircraft Emissions
New Small Aircraft EmissionModeling
-
Trajectories to MinimizeEmission Impacts to theCommunity
Reduction of Airport Emission
Impacts and CommunityFeedback
Communit Com atibilit Cont
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Communit Com atibilit Cont.
Real-Time Safety HealthMonitoring
Piezoelectric Sensor Example
Develop Structural StressSensors
Aviation Industry Collaboration
Develop Integrated HealthMonitoring Systems
Community Compatibility (Cont )
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Community Compatibility (Cont.)
Small Aircraft Ride QualityImprovement
Dynamic Modeling
RCS Algori thms & Flight Validation
Conclusions
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Conclusions
Development and Implementation of the SATS Visionprovides an important step toward the Next Generation
Trans ortation S stem
Operating Capabilit ies have been demonstrated thatenhance the accessibili t and ca acit of small andunderutilized community airports in low visibil ityconditions; single pilot performance has been enhanced
General aviation is being transformed to a transportationsystem
Additional work (implementation and R&D) required tocontinue pursuit of the SATS vision has been identified
Recommended