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8/6/2019 Document Formats
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Document Formats
and Image Formats
James C. KingPDF Architect/SeniorPrincipal Scientist
Advanced Technology LaboratoryAdobe Systems Incorporated
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Outline
Some Fundamentals
PDF Documents
PDF Pages
Synthesized Pages versus Scanned Pages
PDF and JPEG2000
PDF and ISO Standards
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Some Fundamentals
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Image Formats versus Document Formats
picture
Multi-page Compound Document(e.g., PDF)
Sampled Image(e.g., JPEG2000)
picture
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Image Sampling (JPEG2000)
display or page
(arbitrary image size)
JPEG2000 Image
(multiple resolutions)
supersample
subsample
Sub and Super Sampling Tools needed Size and resolution are diferent things
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PDF Documents
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PDF: Multi-page Compound Documents
A Comprehensive Format or Representing Documents and Forms
Not an image ormat like TIFF or JPEG
High delity, high precision text layout and graphics eatures Platorm and device independent denition
Selective compression to reduce le size (e.g., image ormats)
Color Management (ICC support)
Page contents Images Graphics Fonts Colorspaces
Metadata Annotations Links Digital signatures
PDF 1.0 in 1993 PDF 1.7 in 2006. Many enhancements!
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Composite Documents
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PDF Pages
Page Content Objects
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Text, Graphics and Image
Typographic Text
Vector Graphics
Sampled Images
Typographic Text
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2 0.8 0.7 2 10 210 cm
2.5 0 0 -1 235 170 cm
3 0.9 0.8 1 180 200 Tm
Text
Coordinate Transorms
x-scale, rotate/skew, rotate/skew, y-scale, x-pos, y-pos
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Clipping and Masking
Typographic TextTypo
picture
Clip to path (star) Mask of sky
Mask
Picture
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Text as Text
Text as text
(using outline onts) Text as image
The JPEG2000 image compressiontechnique has been cited by experts
as a new archiving ormat or digital
images. It is both a preservation and
delivery ormat, and has been seenas a possible alternative to the TIFF
ormat which most institutions use
as a long-term archiving standard.
Produced by both imaging experts
and the Joint Photographic ExpertsGroup, it is now a recognised ISO
standard. The standard JPEG fle
ormat which is so widely in use is
not yet an ISO standard.
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Resolution Independence
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Resolution Independence
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Synthesized Pagesversus
Scanned Pages
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Document Sources
Born digital More compact
Editable
Device independent/resolution independent Zoom-able
Scanned rom paper
Bulky Need to pick a sampling resolution
Text and image need diferent treatment
Can do OCR or DR (document recognition)
Born digital is a luxury
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OCRed Text as Underlayer
OCRd Text
underlaid
made invisible
may have mistakes
used for searchScanned Text as Image
A PDF Page
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Image Text and Image Picture Require Diferent Treatment
The JPEG2000 imagecompression technique has beencited by experts as a newarchiving format for digital
images.
The standard JPEG file format
which is so widely in use is notyet an ISO standard.
Needs 1-bit per pixel black and white at 600 dpi
Needs 24-bit per pixel color at 150 dpi
MRC (Mixed Raster Content)
Both JPEG2000 and PDF support this
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PDF and JPEG2000
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PDF Support or JPEG2000
JPEG2000 images can be included on PDF pages
JPX Baseline is supported
Enumerated color spaces 19 (CIEJab) not supported
Enumerated color space 12 (CMYK) is supported
All our progressions supported: resolution, color depth, band, location
Inappropriate progression will just cost time
One global sot mask within the JPEG2000 supported JPEG2000 document eatures are not supported
PDFs document eatures are more general and more exible
An image to display in a rectangle is obtained rom the JPEG2000 stream
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Sotware Support
Key to use o any image ormat or document ormat are the tools available
Tools or creation
support advanced eatures
Tools or presentation
Tools or incorporating with other ormats
Ubiquity o viewing tools
OCR and DR capabilities
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PDF andISO Standards
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Establishing the ISO PDF Umbrella
PDF 1.7 (ISO 32000 in 2008
PDF/Aarchive
ISO 19005-1(PDF 1.4)
PDF/Eengineering
AIIM Committee--> ISO
PDF/UAaccessibility
AIIM Committee--> ISO
PDF/Xgraphic arts
ISO 15930-1(PDF 1.4 & 1.6)
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PDF/A
A PDF subset or archiving
ISO 19005-1
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Long-term Preservation Needs or Electronic Documents
Characteristics identied as objectives or PDF/A were Device Independent - Can be reliably and consistently rendered without regard
to the hardware or sotware platorm
Sel-contained - Contains all resources necessary or rendering
Sel-documenting - Contains its own description
Unettered - Absence o technical le protection mechanisms
Available - Authoritative specication publicly available
Adoption - Widespread use may be the best deterrent against preservation risk
PDF/A -- A PDF Subset o PDF 1 4
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PDF/A -- A PDF Subset o PDF 1.4(Standard: ISO 19005-1)
Some useul PDF eatures work against, and are incompatible with,preserving inormation over the long-term
PDF/A
PDF Subset: restricted rom using some PDF eatures, or example Anything that would alter the visual appearance over time (orms)
No external reerences or embedded les
Encryption
PDF Subset: required to use some PDF eatures, or example
Accessibility eatures or recoverable text (tagged PDF)
Embed all onts
Specic metadata requirements
Device independent color
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Uses or PDF/A
Archival storage o electronic documents
Documents o record
Government records
Corporate records
Distributing read only material
Documents with assured accessibility (read to the blind)
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