Earlier Explorations 1.1100’s Crusades-Islam & Spice Trade India (Moluccas-cloves) 2.New player...
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- Earlier Explorations 1.1100s Crusades-Islam & Spice Trade
India (Moluccas-cloves) 2.New player Europe 1271-Marco
Polo-IT.-China Expansion becomes a business European Monarchs had
authority & resources to explore
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- Admiral Zheng He 1371-1435 Asia/India/Africa- Floating
cities!
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- Zheng Hes Voyages
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- Map of the Known World, pre- 1492
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- ***Motives for European Exploration 1.Crusades by-pass
intermediarie (middlemen) to get to Asia 2.Renaissance curiosity
about other lands and peoples 3.Reformation refugees &
missionaries/spread the word of God 4.Gold-New Resources &
Revenue 5.God-Christianize 6.Glory-Fame & fortune for their
country
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- New Weapons Technology
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- New Maritime Technologies Astrolabe (lat.) (1532) Rough Maps
[Portulan] Sextant (angle- Horizon) Mariners Compass
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- Prince Henry, the Navigator 1419-School for Navigation,
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- Museum of Navigation in Lisbon
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- Portuguese Maritime Empire 1. Exploring north/west coast of
Africa 2. 1487-Bartolommeo Dias (Cape of Storms) 3. 1498- Vasco Da
Gama reached port of Calcutta, India! 4. Cabral-Brazil-Asia/India
Spice Is-Indonesia
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- Christoforo Colombo [1451- 1506]-Italian
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- Columbus Four Voyages- 1492
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- Other Voyages of Exploration
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- Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the
World: Early 16 c-potuguese
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- Atlantic Explorations Looking for El Dorado
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- Fernando Cortez/conquistador The First Spanish Conquests: The
Aztecs Montezuma II vs.vs.
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- The Death of Montezuma II
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- Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
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- Francisco Pizarro The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
Atahualpa vs.
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- Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
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- The Columbian Exchange Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus
Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus
Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough Trinkets Liquor GUNS
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- Cycle of Conquest & Colonization 1. Explorers
Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers 5. Official European
Colony!
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- Treasures from the Americas!
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- Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
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- The Slave Trade 1.Existed in Africa before the coming of the
Europeans 2.Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans
(slave from Slav) Sugar cane & sugar plantations First boatload
of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518 275,000 enslaved
Africans exported to other countries 3.Between 16 c & 19 c,
about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas
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- Slave Ship Middle Passage
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- Coffin Position Below Deck
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- African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave
ships!
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- European Empires in the Americas
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- The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles MestizosMulattos
Native Indians Black Slaves
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- Spanish Empire in the New World 1.Encomienda -natives used as
forced labor 2.Council of the Indies Viceroy New Spain and Peru
3.Papal agreement
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- The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara
Cathedral Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of
Guadalupe Spanish Mission Spanish Mission
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- 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Popes Line of Demarcation Betw.
Spain & port. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Popes Line of
Demarcation Betw. Spain & port.
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- Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws 1542
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- New Colonial Rivals 1.Portugal lacked numbers & wealth to
dominate trade in Indian ocean 2.1591-1 st English expedition to
the Indies drove out Portg. (India becomes British colony)
3.1595-Dutch-Netherlands-Dutch East India Company Kicked out
Portg.-Monopolized trade - Spice Is. East Asia-(cloves)
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- New Colonial Rivals
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- ***Negative Impact of European Exploration ------ 1.Native
populations ravaged by disease.ex. 2.Native pop. Enslaved- Native
Americas . 3.Slave Trade Caused a Diaspora of African people/Middle
passage/Sugar mills etc.
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- Impact----- Wars & power struggles betw. Europeans (for
control of land in the new areas/control of & trade) ex; French
Indian War between.natives used in the wars etc.
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- Impact of Exploration---- Natives-Indigenous people lost
culture/religion /traditions forced to adapt European ways..ex-
Maya/Incas/Aztec and the conquers.
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- Positive Impact Influx of gold, and silver, into Europe created
wealth+++++ New products +/_introduced across continents -Columbian
Exchange+/- both positive and negative
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- +Impact of Age of Exploration Brought technology/created
Industries-money system Created railroads/roads/
canals/.schools/hospitals Emergence of the modern worldU.S -Reduced
local warfare betw. Tribes-tribes stopped fighting
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- EXTENDED RESPONSES Essay The Age of European Exploration and
conquest had both negative and positive consequences Explain the
positive and negative effects of the age of ex/colonization
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- 5. New Patterns of World Trade