Elements of a Short Story. OBJECTIVES Identify elements of a short story Define elements of a short...

Elements of a Elements of a Short Story Short Story

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Identify elements of a short story

Define elements of a short story

Demonstrate mastery of short story elements

OVERVIEWOVERVIEWShort stories often contain structural and character elements that should be familiar to you.

These elements can be used as guides to help you think about the actions, themes, and contexts of the story.

Theme

Setting

Characters

Point of view

Characterization

Plot - exposition statement - rising action - conflict - climax - falling action - resolution

THEMETHEMEThe main idea of a literary work,

usually expressed as a generalization and in sentence form.

Example: “Forgiveness is the key to true happiness.”

SETTINGSETTING• The time and place in which the story is set.

CHARACTERSCHARACTERSThe point of writing stories: telling us what human beings are like.

Characters allow readers to “see” life from different perspectives and to “meet” new (or familiar) people.

“Characters in the plot connect us with the vastness of our secret life, which is endlessly explorable.” – Eudora Welty

CHARACTERIZATIONCHARACTERIZATIONThe description of the personalities of the characters in the story and the ways in which authors reveal their personalities:- Speech- Thoughts- Effect on other characters- Action- Looks

PLOTPLOT

The sequence or order of events in a story, each event connected to the next like a chain. Each event in a plot “hooks” our curiosity and pulls us forward to the next event.

Suspense builds as the series of related events hook our curiosity.

The plot includes the following (4) parts:

Types of Linear PlotsTypes of Linear Plots

Chronological

Flashback

In media res (in the middle of things): when the story starts in the middle of the action without an exposition.

CHRONOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGICAL PLOT DIAGRAMPLOT DIAGRAM

Ris

ing

Act

ion F

allin

g A

ction

Resolution

Climax

Exposition

Conflict

1. Basic 1. Basic Situation/ExpositionSituation/Exposition

- Exposition Statement – This is the part of the plot that tells how the story begins. The character, conflict, and setting are usually introduced.

- Example ~ CinderellaThe basic situation shows us Cinderella, a beautiful and good heroine, in a conflict with her evil stepmother and nasty stepsisters.

2. Rising 2. Rising Action/ComplicationAction/Complication

The part of the story in which the main character takes some action to resolve the conflict and meets with problems or complications: danger, fear, hostility, etc.

Example ~ CinderellaCinderella wants to go to the ball. Her stepmother says “No,” but a Fairy Godmother promises to get her to the ball if she obeys one rule: “Be home by midnight.” Cinderella goes to the ball, the Prince falls in love with her, she flees at midnight, and she loses one of her glass slippers.

3. Climax3. Climax- Climax: the KEY scene of the storyThat tense or exciting moment when we realize what the outcome of the conflict is going to be.

- Example ~ CinderellaThe Prince makes a house-to-house search for the foot that fits the slipper and finds that foot on Cinderella.

4. Falling Action(s)4. Falling Action(s)All of the action which follows the

climaxExample ~ Cinderella:

Cinderella and the prince make preparations for their wedding.

5. Resolution/Denouement5. Resolution/Denouement

The final part of the story. (The French word, denouement, means “unraveling the knot”).

You learn how the conflict is resolved and what happens to the characters.

Example ~ CinderellaCinderella marries the Prince and they live happily ever after. In the original Girmm story, you also learn that ravens peck out the eyes of the evil stepmother.

Conflict = StruggleConflict = Struggle

ConflictConflictExternal Conflict:

Conflict between a character and another person OR a character and something non-human.

- Man vs. Man- Man vs. Society- Man vs. Nature

ConflictConflictInternal Conflict: Conflict takes place inside a

character’s mind

Man vs. Himself (fears, self-doubts, etc.)

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONNow that we have identified and defined the elements of a short story, let us use the elements to analyze the short story by Ray Bradbury, “The Pedestrian”. You may use your notes from the PowerPoint presentation.

BibliographBibliographyy

Dinneen, K. Elements of the Short Story. Retrieved Jun. 19, 2003, from Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1983/3/83.03.09.x.html

Five Elements of a Story. Retrieved Jun. 19, 2003, http://www.teachervision.com/lesson-plans/lesson-2277.html Guevin, D. Short Story Elements. Retrieved Jun. 19, 2003, http://www.uvm.edu/~dguevin/Elements.html

Anderson, Robert, Et. al. Elements of Literature. Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1989.