Expansion & Conflict - Jefferson to Jackson -. Early North Am. Explorers Missionaries –Circuit...

““Expansion & Expansion & Conflict”Conflict”

- - Jefferson to Jackson Jefferson to Jackson --

Early North Am. ExplorersEarly North Am. Explorers

• Missionaries– Circuit Riders: Pastors, ride to local churches.

• Fur Traders- – French: Midwest, Great Lakes.

• Explorers– Zebulon Pike: 1805, explores upper Miss. Valley.

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase18031803

• Jefferson purchases L. Territory from France for $15 million. – Monroe to Paris-purchase New Orleans– Doubled size of U.S.

• Why? – Western farm goods need transportation– Free navigation of Mississippi River– Store goods, New Orleans

• Legal? – T.J.- strict constructionist– Constitution does not give POTUS this power.

Corps of Discovery Corps of Discovery 1804 – 18061804 – 1806

• Pres. Jefferson sends Lewis & Clark to chart new terr.– Find all-water route to Pacific, contact Native tribes. – Map country, survey plants, animals, landforms.

Captains – Meriwether Lewis & Captains – Meriwether Lewis & William ClarkWilliam Clark

• 50 frontiersman accompany.• Sacagawea, Shoshone Nat. Am. guide &

interpreter.

Lewis' First Glimpse of the Rockies"Lewis' First Glimpse of the Rockies"

• Leave St. Louis, over Rockies, stop Pacific, rtn to St. Louis.

Supreme CourtSupreme Court

• Judiciary Act of 1801– Creates new positions in court system– Departing POTUS Adams hurries to appoint

judges– New Sec. of State, Madison refuses to deliver

appointments– Marbury asks SC to have appt. delivered.

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

• Established S/C power– Right to declare Congressional laws

unconstitutional.• Known as, Judicial Review.

– “checks and balances” in action.

War of 1812War of 1812

• U.S. & Britain war from 1812- 1815. • Causes:

– British impressments of Am. Sailors.– Trade relations disrupted over FR/Eng. War. – Eng. helping N.W. Indians.

• War Hawks-favor war-most from W. states.

Major EventsMajor Events

• Most fighting on U.S./Canada border

• Naval war-Cptn Perry defeats Br on Lake Erie.

• Tecumseh-sides w/ Br. dies at defeat of Battle of Thames in Ontario.

• Baltimore Harbor-Ft. McHenry withstands Br bombardment.

• Wash. D.C, invaded by Br. much burned to ground.

Rise in NationalismRise in Nationalism

• Nationalism– The interests of the nation, more important than

the regions of the country.

• Monroe Doctrine– Any Euro attempt to colonize

the Americas is “dangerous

to our peace and safety.”

““Age of Jackson”Age of Jackson”

• Hero of Battle of New Orleans.

• Lost 1824 Pres. Election

• Creates Democratic party

• Jacksonian Democracy-hero of ordinary Amer’s.

• Andrew Jackson: elected 1829 – 37.

• Spoils System: reward supporters with gov’t jobs.

• Indian Removal Act: – 1830: Cong. law – five “civilized tribes” moved

west to OK. – Trail of Tears: 1838 16K Cherokees forced

marched, 4,000+ die.

Threat to the UnionThreat to the Union• S. opposed tariffs on

imports

• 1828 tariff hurts South

• S.Carolina will Nullify(not obey fed law.)

– S.C threatens succession.

• Potus AJ-threatens troops to S.C.

• S.C. will enforce tariffs.

• Jackson’s Bank War: – Jackson feels 2nd Bank favors wealthy, N.East.– 2nd Bank of U.S.- regulates state banks.

– Jackson breaks up Nat. Bank; – 2nd Bank becomes state banks or “pet” banks.

Age of Jackson ImpactAge of Jackson Impact

• Universal suffrage: All white males given vote.

• The people are the sovereign power.

• Increased the power of the President.