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Field Evidence That Ecosystem Service Projects Support Biodiversity and Diversify Options. Rebecca L Goldman, Heather Tallis, Peter Kareiva, Gretchen Daily A Conference on Ecosystem Services (ACES) 9 December 2008. Two focal questions. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Field Evidence That Ecosystem Service Projects Support Biodiversity and
Diversify Options
Rebecca L Goldman, Heather Tallis, Peter Kareiva, Gretchen Daily
A Conference on Ecosystem Services (ACES)9 December 2008
Two focal questions
1) How do biodiversity approaches differ from ecosystem service approaches?
2) Can ecosystem service approaches mainstream conservation?
Conservation approaches
• Land purchase• Easement purchase• Focus on species and
habitats
Biodiversity Approach
Conservation approaches
• Land purchase• Easement purchase• Focus on species and
habitats
Biodiversity Approach
Reserves: too few, too small, too isolatedPurchase: too costly; too many people
Conservation approaches
• Land purchase• Easement purchase• Focus on species and
habitats
• Service goals• Consider human well-
being
Biodiversity Approach
Ecosystem service Approach
Reserves: too few, too small, too isolatedPurchase: too costly; too many people
What are Ecosystem Services?
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems
Supporting servicesPreserving options
Provisioning services Regulating services
Cultural services
Two focal questions
1) How do biodiversity approaches differ from ecosystem service approaches?
2) Can ecosystem service approaches mainstream conservation?
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Targeted Systems?
Protected Areas?
Participation?
Targeted Systems?
Protected Areas?
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Participation?
Reward Mechanisms?
Targeted Systems?
Protected Areas?
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Participation?
Reward Mechanisms?
Diversity of Revenue Streams?
Targeted Systems?
Protected Areas?
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Methods
• TNC case study• Semi-structured interviews• Project implementation
– Questions about monitoring
• Database – 34 ES projects– 26 BD projects
• US, Central, South America• Statistical analysis
– Chi-square– Mean/SE
Targeted Systems?
Protected Areas?
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Ecosystem service projects include new landscapes
* p<.05
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Ecosystem service projects do NOT leave reserves behind
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Ecosystem service projects address the same threats
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Participation?
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Photo by: Nestor Windvoxhel, TNC
Ecosystem service projects engage new stakeholders
* p<.05
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Reward Mechanisms?
Photo by: Chris Matson, TNC
Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
* p<.05**p<.01
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
* p<.05**p<.01
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
* p<.05**p<.01
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
* p<.05**p<.01
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Ecosystem service projects can use finance tools abroad
**p<.01
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Do ecosystem service approaches:
Diversity of Revenue Streams?
Ecosystem service projects diversify revenue streams
**p<.01
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Ecosystem service projects diversify revenue streams
* p<.05
Goldman et al. 2008 PNAS
Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes
Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes Retain private landownership
Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes Retain private landownership
Use more finance tools
Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes Retain private landownership
Use more finance tools Expand funding from corporate sources
What is needed:
Outcome-based monitoringMeasure of return on investment
THANKS!Acknowledgements
TNC staff and partners
My co-authors
Heather Tallis
Peter Kareiva
Gretchen Daily
Funding sources:
Teresa Heinz Environmental Scholars
National Science Foundation Graduate Student Fellowship
My Contact Info:rgoldman@tnc.org
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