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Period 4: 1800-1848
Finding democracy in the midst of rapid economic, territorial,
and demographic changes
What is worth noting
about this map? Predict what
changes will occur to this map by the end of Period 4 (1800-1848)
US
Pop. Grew from 3.9 million to 5.3 million 1790-1800 (approx population of CO)
Population Density 1800
Predict what will be happening in regards to the following populations: American Indians Black Americans Women Political Elites “common man”
Spanish Colonies
Mexico City=200,000 Peninsulares (high
officials) Criollos (native-born)
Sparsely settled Santa Fe, San Antonio, etc… Mainly A.I.
New Orleans
Haiti and Caribbean
Haiti=first independent black nation (1791) Slave revolt
90% of Europe’s sugar Heavy slave labor
British N. America
Strong French presence
Loyalists, a few American immigrants
Fur trade Friendly relationships
with A.I.
Russian America
Fur trade Established under
Peter the Great Good and bad
relationships with Inuit and Aleut
Rapid growth—off the radar of US
US—Appalachia expansion
Kentucky and Tennessee admitted as states
Cincinnati= “Queen City of the West”
Agrarian Republic
PROS
Population growth Community values Local democracy Domestic food
production
CONS
Persistent mobility Environmental
damage Expanded slave
labor American Indian
human rights violations
Louisiana Purchase
France secretly acquired Louisiana Territory from Spain in 1800
Jefferson didn’t want Napoleon in his backyard
US lost access to New Orleans
Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon wanted to sell in 1803
Why? Monroe & Livingston
bought for $15 million
Constitutional problem Purchase by
executive Admission of
foreign nations
Foreign Policy
CNN—TJ and ISIS Embargo Act-1807
In response to British treatment of American shipping
Forbade American ships from sailing to any foreign port Sanctioned
ourselves Was a disaster
Compare and Contrast the impact
of the War of 1812 on the United States, Britain, and American Indians.
LEQ Analysis
• In 1807, Napoleon invaded Portugal and Spain.
• Portugal and Spain are busy defending themselves in Europe, and their American colonies revolt.
• New countries like Mexico, Brazil, and Haiti won their independence.
• In 1815, Napoleon is finally defeated in Europe.
War of 1812 EndsNapoleon invades Portugal and Spain
Napoleon is defeated
1807
1814
1815
• In 1821, Russia claims land south of Alaska and forbids other countries from passing into their territory.
War of 1812 EndsNapoleon invades Portugal and Spain
Napoleon is defeated
1807
1814
1815
1821
Russia moves south in Alaska
• The United States recognizes the new Latin American countries, such as Mexico, Brazil and Haiti, and begins trading.
• Trade is very profitable.
• The United States stands to lose a lot of money if Spain and Portugal take back their colonies.
War of 1812 EndsNapoleon invades Portugal and Spain
Napoleon is defeated
1807
1814
1815
1821
Russia moves south in Alaska
• In 1823, President Monroe declares:
• The American continent will not be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power.
• In other words, if Europe comes over to interfere with any country in America (including South America), the US will respond with war.
War of 1812 EndsNapoleon invades Portugal and Spain
Napoleon is defeated
1807
1814
1815
1821
Russia moves south in Alaska
1823
The Monroe Doctrine is applied.
• Portugal – Would like to reclaim Brazil after a long war, and they could, but risk angering the British and America.
• America – Russia is invading territory that could be considered American, and Spain and Portugal may ruin trade with new Latin American countries.
• Spain – Would like to reclaim Mexico, and France has offered to support this war, but the British have threatened to attack Spain if they attempt to reclaim Mexico.
• Russia – Mainly interested in Fur trading, not colonization, but is seen as a threat by America. Russia has to decide how to respond to Americans violating their new territory.
• Great Britain – Worried that Spain and Portugal may challenge them as a world power if they reclaim territory. Also worried about losing out on profitable trade.
• Latin America – Asking for help from America and England in remaining independent. Willing to fight Guerrilla Warfare to hold on to independence.
The Western Hemisphere was no longer open
for colonization The political system of the Americas was
different from Europe The United States would regard any
interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security
The United States would refrain from participation in European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine—Key Ideas
Outcomes
Spain Florida (Adams-Onis
Treaty—1819) Boundaries along
Louisiana Territory Russia
Convention of 1824 Established
southern boundary of Russian America.
Britain Rush-Bagot—1817
49th parallel Joint claims to Oregon
Territory Superior navy Maintain hegemonic
power in Europe
US Got lucky
Monroe Doctrine
Significance? Future connections Short term—Texas,
California, Oregon Long term--?
Wilson Bush
The Candidates
1. John Quincy Adams
2. Henry Clay 3. John C. Calhoun 4. William H.
Crawford 5. Andrew Jackson
Objective—create a profile for your assigned candidate including the following1. Where from2. Previous political
career 3. Political party
affiliation4. Outcome 5. Future political career 6. Random/fun fact
1. John Quincy Adams
1. Massachusetts 2. Secretary of State
under Monroe 3. Jeffersonian
Republicans 4. Won 5. 4 years in office6. Random/fun fact
2. Henry Clay
1. Kentucky (represented the West)
2. Senate, House of Rep, Speaker of the House, Warhawk, “American System”
3. Jeffersonian Republican 4. Appointed Secretary of
State by Adams—accusation of corrupt bargain
5. “The Great Compromiser”
1. Missouri Compromise2. Nullification Crisis3. Compromise of 1850
3. John C. Calhoun
1. South Carolina2. Warhawk, 3. Political party
affiliation4. w/drew to run for
VP5. Dogmatic
supporter of slavery and the south
6. “Cast-Iron Man”
4. William H. Crawford
1. Georgia2. Cabinet positions3. Jeffersonian
Republican4. Lost election5. Served as a judge
in Georgia
5. Andrew Jackson
1. Tennessee 2. Lawyer, house,
senate, military, judge
3. Formed Democratic party
4. Lost 5. President 1828-
18366. A very long list…
Causation Practice: Groups of 2-3
Objective: Explain the significance that each of the following events may have had on the election of 1828.
1) Martin Van Buren & Albany Regency
2) War of 1812 3) Westward
expansion 4) Panic of 1819 5) Latin American
Revolution 6) Print revolution 7) “common man”
HTS: Causation—Election of 1828
1) Martin Van Buren & Albany Regency
2) War of 1812 3) Westward
expansion 4) Panic of 1819 5) Latin American
Revolution 6) Print revolution 7) “common man”
1) similar party organization elected Jackson—VanBuren was campaign manager
2) Battle of New Orleans—expanded voting rights to white males
3) expansion of suffrage in the West—new political affiliation
4) ended era of good feelings 5) increased fears of the South
—blocked diplomatic attempts made by H. Clay
6) expanded political info to… 7) “common man”
Jackson’s Indian Policy
Expansion in the South Surrounded tribes Chicksaw,
Cherokee, Choctaw, and Creek
Assimilated into white culture via constitution, written language, & slaves
Expansion in the North Black Hawk War Sauk and Fox
massacred Lieutenant Jefferson
Davis & Captain Abraham Lincoln
Trail of Tears
Cherokee resided on land granted by treaty
Cherokee constitution declared they were not subject to laws of other nations (1827)
Georgia declared that they were (1830)
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Worcester v. Georgia Jackson?
Regarded “treaties with Indians an absurdity”
No protection under law resulted in Trail of Tears
Trail of Tears
1800 mile journey 17,000 Cherokees 4,000 died on the
way Only 8,000 survived
the march to Oklahoma
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