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A transition of the plastics &
rubber industry towards
sustainability
BPRI
23-09-2010
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FEDERPLAST.BEBelgian association of manufacturers of plastic and rubber articles
MISSION STATEMENT
By means of its membership relations and its networking within societyFederplast.be supports the development of the plastics and rubberindustry in Belgium to contribute to a sustainable future.
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FEDERPLAST.BEBelgian association of manufacturers of plastic and rubber articles
MEMBERSAgoria & essenscia236 full members (with production in Belgium)18 affiliate members
EMPLOYMENT
22.950
TURNOVER7.9 billion exports 70 %
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Belgian plastics industry at the top in EuropeAMI Eurostat
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
PL BE DE ES Europe NL FR UK
Plastics convertingevolution 2000 - 2007
Kg/Inh
%
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Belgian plastics industry at the top in Europe
2.2 % of the EU population
5 % of the EU plastics processing
10 % of the EU plastics production
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World champion in plastics productionCIPAD 2006
Production of plastics/inhabitant
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Plastics industry, n 1 in the trade balance of Belgiummillion
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Continuous growthfor more than 50 years
Plastics productionramped upfrom 1.5 Mio t in 1950
to 245 Mio t in 2006
Compound AnnualGrowth Rate (CAGR) isabout 9.5 %
Source: PlasticsEuropeMarket Research Group (PEMRG)
Plastics continue to be a global success story
0
50
100
150
200
250
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Mio t
1950: 1.5
Europe(WE +CEE)
1976: 50
1989: 100
2002: 200
2006: 245
IncludesThermoplastics, Polyurethanes, Thermosets, Elastomers, Adhesives,
Coatings and Sealants and PP-Fibers. Not included PET-, PA- and Polyacryl-Fibers
World
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The world in 2030Prospective study by futurologist Ray Hammond for PlasticsEurope
6 key drivers of the future
Worldwide population explosion and changing societaldemographics
Climate crisis & Environment
Energy crisis
Expanding globalization
Disease prevention and longevity
Accelerating, exponential technology development
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The world in 2030Prospective study by futurologist Ray Hammond for PlasticsEurope
In 2030, world population will have grown from 6,6 billionspeople to roughly 8 to 9 billions.
How shall we feed such a population?
How shall we secure the needs for healthcare?
How shall we organize availability and distribution ofdrinkable water?
How shall we organize waste and waste water treatment?
How shall we secure the energy needs?
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Prevention of food spoils & Higher crop yieldsPlastics for Sustainability
Plastic packaging prolongs the shelf-life of food.Up to 50% of agricultural food production isspoiled in underdeveloped countries, comparedto 2% in the developed world with its intensiveuse of plastic food packaging.
Farmers use plastics products for: increased yields, earlier harvests, less reliance
on herbicides and pesticides
more efficient water conservation & irrigation
silage (conservation of cattle feed)
handling, transport and
conservation of food crops
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Energy economyPlastics for Sustainability
Thermal insulation in buildings, in refrigeration andin industrial installations
Energy economy by weight reduction:transport means, packaging, luggage...
Low energy lighting, monitors and displays based on
organic electronics (OLED, LCP .)Electrical insulation in cables, batteries, appliances
Energy economy by miniaturization of ICT appliances
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Energy economy in transportPlastics for Sustainability
Plastics are light
Weight savings resulted in an average fuel consumptioncut of 750 liters per life span of 150, 000 km
On a year basis thanks to plastics, fuel consumption of carsis reduced by 12 Millions Tons and CO2 emissions by 30
Millions Tons. Plastics allow aerodynamic and compact design (lower
Cx) resulting in lower fuel consumption.
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Enabling the positive energy homePlastics for Sustainability
Fuel Cell
Central ventilationstation with heatrecuperation
PURRoof Insulation
LatentHeat StoragePlaster
Quelle: BASF
EPSInsulationPVC
TripleGlazing
SolarPanel
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New technologies for renewable energyPlastics for Sustainability
Wind energy: composite wind mill blades
Solar energy panels: barrier sheet,encapsulation films, frames,
Flexible organic solar cells
Batteries and fuel cells for stocking of renewable
energyTransparent plastic reactors for oil production
from algae
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Renewable energies are only feasible with plasticsPlastics for Sustainability
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Renewable energies are only feasible with plasticsPlastics for Sustainability
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Renewable energies are only feasible with plasticsPlastics for Sustainability
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Conservation of resourcesPlastics for Sustainability
More with less: continuous increase of performance of materials andprocessing technologies
Increasing use of renewable raw materials:
Biopolymers : modified natural polymersand biotechnologically engineered polymers
Natural reinforcement materialsWood-plastic composites
Electronic data carriers make an economy of paper:CD/DVD, hard disks, memory sticks, electronic paper
Recycling and design for recycling
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Conservation of biodiversityPlastics for Sustainability
PVC windows, plastic decorative sheets andWPC terrace boards make an economy oftropical hardwood
Synthetic elastomers and plastics reduced theneed for transformation of tropical forests into
natural rubber plantations60% of worldwide textiles production is synthetic: it would not be
sustainable to increase 2.5x the environmental burden of cotton cultivationand sheep herding
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Sustainable water managementPlastics for Sustainability
Drinking water pipelines: lesser installation costs,longer lifetime, less leaking
Dual sewerage systems: more efficient wastewater treatment
Water infiltration systems
Membranes for seawater desalinationMembranes for sealing of water basins, landfills
and polluted sites
Water economy through design: avoiding deathzones results in 2 L economy per washing cycle
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Affordable healthcarePlastics for Sustainability
Syringes, catheters, blood & infusion bags,lenses, spectacles are made of plasticsbecause of hygiene, security, comfort feelingand price
Implants and artificial limbs
Medical and pharmaceutical packaging
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Affordable healthcarePlastics for Sustainability
Future span of life time 120-130 years?Thanks to polymeric biocompatible solutions, it is possible to applyreconstructive solutions for bones and tendons and perform micro-sounds.
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Increased security and protectionPlastics for Sustainability
Protective equipment and clothing for sports, drivingand professionals
Safety features in cars and other transport means:airbags, headrests, safety belts ...
Protective plastic packaging in the food chain:
hygiene, traceability, MAP, tamper proofChild protective & elderly friendly packaging
Insulating protection for electrical appliances
Acoustic protection (open cellular foams)
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Substitution of plastics would not be sustainable!Denkstatt report, J une 2010
Substitut ion of plastics in EU27+2 by other materials would result inan increase of
Total materials mass x 3.7
Energy consumption + 57% (= 2400 million GJ /year)
GHG emissions + 61%(= CO2 emissions of Belgium = 39% of EU15 Kyoto target)
The use of plastics for thermal insulation, for food packaging and toproduce renewable energy results in extraordinary use benefits.
Carbon balance: Estimated use benefits 5-9 times higher than theemissions from production and recovery.
Big potential for increasing carbon balance benefits: In 2020 use benefitscould be 9-15 times higher.
Polymers based on renewable resources are not per se better thanconventional plastics based on fossil resources.(Depends on resource efficiency and end-of-life treatment)
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The end of oil wil l not stop the use of plastics!
Plastics are made from hydrocarbons (ethylene, propylene, styrene, ...)
These hydrocarbons are today obtained from oil because it is still themost economical feedstock
Hydrocarbons can also be made from methane, coal and biomass (e.g.
bio-ethanol)
Some alternative renewable raw materials for plastics are: starch,cellulose, sugars, lactic acid, organic waste, vegetal oils, micro-organisms .....
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Oil use87% is incinerated !
Energy & Heating
42%
Transport
45%
Others
5%
Chemicals
4%
Plastics
4%
Plastics = most sustainable use of oil !
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Plastics borrow fossil hydrocarbons and return those
afterwards into the fuel cycle
energy useextractionrefining
end oflife
energy
recovery
usephase
feedstockproduction
plasticproduction
productproduction
materialre
cycling
feedstockrecycling
Oil
other
87%
4%
9%
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BiomassModified
Crops
Oil &
Gas
Recycled
Feedstock
Monomers
Biodegradable
Polymers
Traditional
Polymers
Mechanical
recycling
Energy
recovery Landfill
Feedstock
recycling
Resource Procurement for Plastics
CO 2Energy
Energy (Fossil fuels, renewables))
Road map for a sustainable plastics cycle
Fossil fuels represent today
>99% of the raw material base
Growing interest in the use
of biomass as feedstock
Increase in recycling and
energy recovery of plastics
waste
The most eco-efficient rawmaterials and energy choices
must be made !
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Ovam - Plan C, 2008Transition arena Sustainable Materials
WG Sustainable PlasticsFederplast.be, essenscia, UGhent, KUL, Ovam, LNE, PVC Info,Deceuninck, ExxonMobil Chem.
Today:
Raw materials: 99.9% fossil / 0.1% renewable
Waste :13% landfill / 28% recycling / 59% incineration with energy recovery
Sustainable scenario for the future : Raw materials: X% fossil / (100-X)% renewable
Waste: 0% landfill / more than X% recycling /less than (100-X)% incineration with energy recovery
Plastics wi ll become a carbon sink !
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Post consumer plastics waste in BelgiumEvolution of recycling and energy recovery
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
%
Recycling Energy recovery
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Bioplastics versus BiofuelsLCA based approach required
Prof. Martin Patel, Utrecht University (EPN March 2008)
Energy gain from bio-ethanol used as a substitution for:
1. Biofuel: 9.5 GJ /ton
2. Petrochemical ethanol: 37.5 GJ /ton (4x more !)
His conclusion: In a world of scarce agricultural land and forest
resources, it is more effective to use biomass for production of chemicalscompared to the use for biofuels
EU biofuel target:
10% in 2020 > feedstock need of the European plastics industry
More sustainable scenario:
biomass be used as raw material base for plastics and after this firstuse to be recycled or to be recovered as energy.
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Ovam - Plan C, 2008 - WG Sustainable Plastics6 transition paths towards a sustainable plastics industry 2030-2050
Raw materials base
1. Biopolymers and bio-feedstock (e.g. bio-ethanol)
2. CO2 as raw material
Closing the loop
3. Higher functionality: prevention, monomaterials, ...
4. Better sorting, recycling and energy recovery technologies
5. Eco design & Design for recycling
Transit ion management
6. LCA-based evaluation tool
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