GENEVA SOCIAL MEDIA INDEX (GSMI) - DiploFoundation Social Media... · The Geneva Social Media Index...

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GENEVASOCIALMEDIAINDEX(GSMI)GSMIReportontheGenevaEngageAward2016

Contents

1.Introduction

2.Methodology

2.1.DataAcquisition

2.2.GSMIIndicators

2.3.RationaleoftheGSMI

3.ResultsforpermanentmissionstotheUN

3.1.Twitteractivity

3.2.Twitterreception

3.3.Overviewofsub-indicatorsforpermanentmissions

4.Resultsfornon-governmentalorganisations

4.1.Twitteractivity

4.2.Twitterreception

4.3.Overviewofsub-indicatorsfornon-governmentalorganisations

5.Resultsforinternationalorganisations

5.1.Twitteractivity

5.2.Twitterreception

5.3.Overviewofsub-indicatorsforinternationalorganisations

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1.INTRODUCTION

TheGenevaSocialMediaIndex(GSMI)1isbasedonanalysisoftheuseofTwitter,whichisthemostfrequentlyusedsocialmediatoolindiplomacy,politicsandsocialdevelopments.TheGSMIcovers48permanentmissionstotheUnitedNations,43non-governmentalorganisations(NGOs),and43internationalorganisations(IOs),alllocatedinGeneva.TheGSMIbalancesTwitteractivitiesandtheimpacttheseactivitiescreate.Itaimstopromotesmartandimpactfuluseofsocialmedia.

2.METHODOLOGY

2.1.DataAcquisition

TheTwitteraccountsof48permanentmissionstotheUNinGenevawereidentifiedfromtwopublicTwitteraccountlists:(1)DiploMissionsinGeneva(byInternationalGenevai),and(2)DiploMissionsinGeneva(byTwiplomacyii).

TheTwitteraccountsof43NGOsand43IOswereidentifiedfromthefollowingpublicTwitteraccountlists:PeaceandSecurity,Economicaffairs,Humanrights,GlobalHealth,Environment&SD(byInternationalGenevaiii),andinternational-development(byNonprofitOrgsiv).

Othermeans(e.g.Twittersearch,personalrecommendations,expertknowledge)wereusedaswelltoidentifyrelevantaccounts.Incaseswhereboththecountry’smissionitselfandthepermanentrepresentativepersonallymanageseparateTwitteraccounts,datawereaggregated.WhenanIOhadmultipleTwitteraccountsindifferentlanguages,theEnglishlanguageaccountwasselectedforanalysis.FortheUNsystem,theaccountsofvariousdepartmentsandprogrammeswerealsoincluded.Nopersonalaccounts(e.g.directors,programmanagers,publicrelationsmanagers)wereconsideredinthecategoryofNGOsandIOs.

TwitterSearchAPIvwasthenusedto(a)collectrelevantdataonthepermanentmissionuseraccounts,andto(b)gathersamplesoftweetsfromtherespectiveTwittertimelines.BecausethisisthefirsttimetheGSMIiscomputedforthethreecategoriesofaccountsunderconsideration(missions,NGOs,andIOs),alltweetsthatcouldberetrievedfromtheTwitterSearchAPIweretakenintoconsiderationvi.Thiswasdoneinordertoobtainasolidbaselineresultforfuturecomparisons.Forsomeaccounts,thatmeansthatpasttweetsbefore2015werealsoconsidered;notweetspostedafter21December2015(whendataacquisitionforthisstudytookplace)wereconsideredinanycategory.

Inordertoassesstheextentanddepthofthesocialmediapresence,twosetsofquantitativeindicatorsweredeveloped,addressingsocialmediaactivityandreception.Thecomputationoftheindicatorsanddatavisualizationweredevelopedintheprogramming

1TheGenevaSocialMediaIndexwasdevelopedbyDrGoranS.Milovanović,DataScientist@CreativeLab,DiploFoundation.

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languageRvii.AllTwitteraccountsinthescopeofthisstudywererankedaccordingtotheirscoresonactivityandreceptionindicatorstodeterminetheirsuccessinsocialmediamanagement.

TwitterwasaccessedfrominsidetheprogramminglanguageR’senvironmentviiiandthroughtheTwitterSearchAPI.ForeachTwitteraccount,thefollowinguseraccountdatawerecollected:

• numberofstatusespostedsincetheregistrationoftheaccount;• numberoffollowers;• numberofotheraccountstheaccountunderanalysisfollows;numberofpublic

liststhatlisttherespectiveactor’saccount;• accountlife(length)inweeks.

Inadditiontothesedata,thefollowingwerecollectedfromthesampleoftweetstakenfromtherespectiveaccounts’Twittertimelines:

• numberoforiginaltweets(excludingre-tweetsfromotheraccounts);• numberofthere-tweetsoftheaccount’soriginaltweets;• numberoftimesthattheaccount’soriginaltweetswerefavorited;• numberofrepliesmadeonthebehalfoftheaccount.

Thecollecteddatawerecombinedtodevelopasetofsocialmediaactivityandreceptionindicators.

2.2.GSMIIndicators

2.2.1.Activityindicators

a) Production:numberoftweetspublishedsincetheregistrationoftheaccount,includingallre-tweetsandreplies,dividedbytheaccount’scurrentlifetimeinweeks.ProductionisthemoststraightforwardmeasurementofTwitteractivityusedinthisstudy.Itprovidesinformationonuseractivityperweek.

b) Contribution:proportionoforiginaltweets(account’sproductionafterremovingallre-tweets)relativetothetotalnumberoftweetsretrievedfromtheaccount’stimeline.Thiscriterionprovidesanassessmentoftheamountofnewcontentprovidedbyaparticularaccount.

c) Responsiveness:proportionofrepliestootherTwitterusersrelativetothetotalnumberoforiginaltweets.Howoftendoestheuseroftheaccountengageincommunication?Interest:numberofTwitterfollowers(otherTwitteraccountsthatfollowtheaccountunderanalysis),dividedbytheaccount’scurrentlifetimeinweeks.Essentially,thisisaweeklyrateofengagementinfollowingTwittercontentanddevelopments.

2.2.2.Receptionindicators

a) Retweetsreceivedix:totalnumberofretweetsofalloriginaltweetsmadeonthebehalfoftheaccount,dividedbythenumberoforiginaltweets.Howmuchoftheaccount’soriginalproductionispassedontootherusersbytheaccount’sfollowers?

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b) Popularity:totalnumberoftheaccount’stweetsfavoritedbyotherusers,dividedbythenumberoforiginaltweets.

c) Followerlevelx:totalnumberoffollowersonTwitter,dividedbytheaccount’scurrentlifetimeinweeks.Thisisaweeklyrateofaudiencegain.

d) Publicity:totalnumberofpublicenlistmentsonTwitter,dividedbytheaccount’scurrentlifetimeinweeks.Anotherformofratingweeklyaudiencegain,thistimebasedonthecountofpublicliststhatlisttheaccount.

2.3.Aggregationandranking

Allaccountswerefirstrankedonboththeactivityandreceptionindicators.Theaggregateactivityandreceptionscoreswerecalculatedinthreesteps:(1)firstbysumminguptheranksoftheindicators,thenby(2)reverse-scoringthesums(sincehavingtherankof5,forexample,isbetterthanhavingarankof6or20),andfinally(3)bybeingexpressedaspercentileranks.Thetotalscoreforeachaccountwascomputedinthesameway-exceptthatalleightindicatorswereaggregatedatonce.

2.3.RationaleoftheGSMI

Inthefollowingfigure,theactivitypercentileranksareplottedagainstthereceptionpercentileranks.ThesizeofthemarkerisproportionaltoaparticularTwitteraccount'stotalGSMIranking,whilethecolorscalerepresentsthedistributionofoneofthesub-indicators,namely,contribution:theproportionoforiginaltweetsfoundintheaccount'stotalTwitterproduction.Thedatasetcomprisestheaccountsof86NGOsandInternationalorganisations.

Ifsuccessinmanagingsocialmediaismeasuredintermsofreceptiononly,thenmany(potentiallyunaccountedfor)factorsinfluencingperformancewouldbeofdecisiveimportance.Certainly,thereareactorsinthedigitalarenawhogainashareoftheirpopularitysimplybecausetheyaretraditionallyinfluential,orbecausethecausetheyrepresentisofuniversalimportancetomany.However,wewishtorecognizenotonlythosewhoarepopular,butthosewhooweasignificantpartoftheirpopularitytoeffortsinvestedingoodsocialmediamanagement.IntheupperleftcornerwecanseeagroupofNGOsandIOs(labelsareintentionallysuppressed)whoscorelowontheactivitysub-indicatoroftheGSMI,butneverthelessexhibitsuccessintermsofreception.Inthelowerrightcorner,wefindagroupofTwitteraccountswho,onthecontrary,performwellintermsofactivity,butscorepoorlyonreception.Thetwo-activityandreception-areonlyslightlycorrelatedxi.ThetotalGSMIscoreisderivedfromacombinationofbothsetsofindicators,tryingtobalancethepossibilitythatsomeaccountsscorehighlyinthetotalrankingsbysimplyinheritingthereceptiontheywouldreceivenomatterhowwelltheirsocialmediaaccountsaremanaged.Intheupperrightcorner,wefindthoseaccountswhichscorehighlyonbothactivityandreception,andthatiswheretheindexdistributionplacesitshighesttotalscores.Onceagain,theideabehindGSMIistopromoteintelligentsocialmediamanagement,andtoencourageactorsindigitaldiplomacytooptimiseeffortstoreachthegoalsofeffectiveonlinerepresentation:wearelookingtorecognizethosewhoarereadytogobeyondwhattheywouldprobablyachievethroughautomaticprocessestoincludestrategiesfordynamicaddedvalueavailableonsocialmedia(Twitter).

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GSMIsub-indicators.Activityvs.Receptionpercentileranks.Dataset:86TwitteraccountsofNGOsandIOs.

Ifsuccessinmanagingsocialmediaismeasuredintermsofreceptiononly,thenmany(potentiallyunaccountedfor)factorsinfluencingperformancewouldbeofdecisiveimportance.Certainly,thereareactorsinthedigitalarenawhogainashareoftheirpopularitysimplybecausetheyaretraditionallyinfluential,orbecausethecausetheyrepresentisofuniversalimportancetomany.However,wewishtorecognizenotonlythosewhoarepopular,butthosewhooweasignificantpartoftheirpopularitytoeffortsinvestedingoodsocialmediamanagement.IntheupperleftcornerwecanseeagroupofNGOsandIOs(labelsareintentionallysuppressed)whoscorelowontheactivitysub-indicatoroftheGSMI,butneverthelessexhibitsuccessintermsofreception.Inthelowerrightcorner,wefindagroupofTwitteraccountswho,onthecontrary,performwellintermsofactivity,butscorepoorlyonreception.Thetwo-activityandreception-areonlyslightlycorrelatedxii.ThetotalGSMIscoreisderivedfromacombinationofbothsetsofindicators,tryingtobalancethepossibilitythatsomeaccountsscorehighlyinthetotalrankingsbysimplyinheritingthereceptiontheywouldreceivenomatterhowwelltheirsocialmediaaccountsaremanaged.Intheupperrightcorner,wefindthoseaccountswhichscorehighlyonbothactivityandreception,andthatiswheretheindexdistributionplacesitshighesttotalscores.Onceagain,theideabehindGSMIistopromoteintelligentsocialmediamanagement,andtoencourageactorsindigitaldiplomacytooptimiseeffortstoreachthegoalsofeffectiveonlinerepresentation:wearelookingtorecognizethosewhoarereadytogobeyondwhattheywouldprobablyachievethroughautomaticprocessestoincludestrategiesfordynamicaddedvalueavailableonsocialmedia(Twitter).

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3.ResultsforpermanentmissionstotheUN

Acompletelistof48permanentmissionsandtherespectiveTwitteraccountsaregiveninappendixA.Overall,thebestrankedTwitteraccountistheonemanagedbythePermanentMissionofFrancetotheUnitedNationsOfficeandotherinternationalorganizationsinGeneva(abbr.FRAinthegraphs,seeTableA),followedbySwitzerland,andEuropeanUnion.

TableA:Thetop10permanentmissions

Rank

Mission Abbr twitterAccountActivity

xiiiReceptio

nTotal

1 France FRA FranceONUGeneve 97.92 87.50 100.00

2 Switzerland CHE swiss_un 79.17 100.00 97.92

3 EuropeanUnion EU EU_UNGeneva 95.83 93.75 95.83

4 India IND IndiaUNGeneva 68.75 100.00 93.75

5UnitedStatesof

AmericaUSA usmissiongeneva 85.42 89.58 91.67

6 Albania ALB AlMissionUNGen 100.00 58.33 89.58

7 Denmark DNK DKUNmisgva 95.83 70.83 87.50

8 Russia RUS mission_russian 43.75 95.83 85.42

9 Maldives MDV MVMissionGVA 47.92 91.67 83.33

10 Finland FIN FinlandGeneva 85.42 77.08 81.25

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3.1.Twitteractivity

FigureA1:Activityscore,top20accounts(expressedaspercentilerank).

FigureA2:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andproductionindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

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FigureA3:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andcontributionindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

FigureA4:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andresponsivenessindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

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FigureA5:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andinterestindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

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3.2.Twitterreception

FigureA6:Receptionscore,top20accounts(expressedaspercentileranks).

FigureA7:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andretweetlevelindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

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FigureA8:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andpopularityindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

FigureA9:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andfollowerlevelindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

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FigureA10:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andpublicityindicator(representedbycolor),forall48missions.

3.3.Overviewofsub-indicatorsforpermanentmissions

Thefollowinganalysesallrefertodataaggregatedovertheentirediplomaticmissions’dataset.FigureA11.presentsthedistributionsofactivitysub-indicatorsinthiscategory.Thedistributionoftheproductionscoreisright-skewed(i.e.itstailisontherightsideofthescoredistribution),withamajorityofaccountshavingalowrawproductionrate.ThedistributionoftheContributionscoreinthiscategoryisclosetosymmetrical,indicatingthethereis,atleastapproximately,abalancebetweenoriginalandre-tweetedcontentintheoverallTwitterproductionofpermanentmissions.Roughlyspeaking,forthemajorityofdiplomaticmissions,approximatelyhalfofthetweetstheyhavepublishedcompriseoriginalproduction.Aswewillseeinthefollowingtwosections,thisfindingisnotcharacteristicofinternationalorganisationsandNGOs.

Surprisingly,permanentmissionstotheUNinGenevadidnotshowverymuchinterestinfollowingwhatotherTwitteraccountsproduce(seetheinterestscoredistribution).Thisfinding,aswellastheheavilyrightskeweddistributionoftheresponsivenessscoredistribution,holdsforallthreecategoriesinthisstudy.

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FigureA11:Distributionsofactivitysub-indicatorsforall48missions.

FigureA12.presentsthedistributionsofreceptionsub-indicatorsforpermanentmissions.Allreceptionsub-indicatorsshowheavyright-skewintheirdistributions.Thisistobeexpected:asbyarule,asmallnumberofaccountswillreceiveadisproportionatelylargeproportionofreceptioninsocialmediaxiv.

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FigureA12:Distributionsofreceptionsub-indicatorsforall48missions.

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4.Resultsfornon-governmentalorganisations

Acompletelistof43NGOsandtherespectiveTwitteraccountsareenlistedintheAppendixB.InthecategoryofNGOs,thewinnerinaverytoughcompetitionisWorldWideFundforNature(abbr.WWFonthegraphs;seeTableB).Asoftheactivityandreceptionindicatorstakenindividually,themostactiveorganisationintheNGOcategorywasthewinningone(WWF),andtheonewiththehighestreceptionranking–theWorldEconomicForum(WEF).However,theobviousgapbetweentheactivityandreceptionscoresforWEFpositionsthemonly6thinthetotalranking–ormoreprecisely,theysharethe5thand6thplaceswiththeInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(abbr.IUCN).

TableB:Thetop10NGOs

Rank

Name Abbr twitterAccountActivit

yReceptio

nTotal

1 WorldWideFundforNature WWF WWF 100.00 72.09 100.00

2TheWorldCouncilof

ChurchesWCC Oikoumene 88.37 86.05 97.67

3 Gavi,theVaccineAlliance Gavi gavi 86.05 90.70 95.35

4 TheGlobalFundGlobalFund

globalfund 79.07 95.35 93.02

5InternationalUnionforConservationofNature

IUCN IUCN 74.42 97.67 90.70

6 WorldEconomicForum WEF WEF 65.12 100.00 90.70

7TheGlobalAllianceforImprovedNutrition

GAIN GAINalliance 90.70 81.40 86.05

8TheInternationalCenterfor

TransitionalJusticeICTJ theICTJ 81.40 83.72 83.72

9 TheInternetSociety ISOC internetsociety 55.81 88.37 81.40

10 GreenCrossInternationalGreenCross

GreenCrossInt 95.35 67.44 79.07

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4.1.Twitteractivity

FigureB1:Activityscore,top20NGOaccounts(expressedaspercentilerank).

FigureB2:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andtheproductionindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

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FigureB3:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andcontributionindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

FigureB4:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andresponsivenessindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

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FigureB5:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andinterestindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

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4.2.Twitterreception

FigureB6:Receptionscore,top20accounts(expressedaspercentileranks).

FigureB7:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andretweetlevelindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

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FigureB8:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andpopularityindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

FigureB9:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andfollowerlevelindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

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FigureB10:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andpublicityindicator(representedbycolor),forall43NGOs.

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4.3.Overviewofsub-indicatorsfornon-governmentalorganisations

FigureB11.presentsthedistributionsofactivitysub-indicatorsinthecategoryofnon-governmentalorganisations.Thedistributionoftheproductionscoreisright-skewed,asexpected.ThedistributionoftheContributionscoreinthiscategoryisleft-skewed,whichisgood,becauseitmeansthatthemajorityofaccountsarepredominantlyengagedinoriginalcontentproduction.However,westillfindmanyaccountswithlessthan50%oforiginalcontributionsintheirtotalTwitteroutput.NGOsdonotshowmuchinteresttofollowwhatotheraccountsproduce(aswitnessedbythehighlyright-skewedInterestdistribution),andtherecouldbeabetterinvolvementinreplyingtootherusers’tweets(cf.thedistributionoftheresponsivenessindicator).

FigureB11:Distributionsofactivitysub-indicatorsforall43NGOs.

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FigureB12:Distributionsofreceptionsub-indicatorsforall43NGOs.

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5.Resultsforinternationalorganisations

Acompletelistof43internationalorganisationsandtherespectiveTwitteraccountsareenlistedintheAppendixC.ThewinnerinthecategoryofinternationalorganisationsistheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO;seeTableC).NotethattheWorldHealthOrganisation’sTwitteraccountprevailsoverthesecondplacedUNOG’saccountbyachievingtopscoresonboththeactivityandreceptionindicators.

TableC:Thetop10internationalorganisations

Rank Name AbbrtwitterAccoun

t Activity Reception Total

1 WorldHealthOrganization WHO who 100.00 100.00100.00

2UnitedNationsInformationCentre(UNOG)Geneva

UNGeneva

UNGeneva 97.67 83.72 97.67

3UnitedNationsProgramme

onHIV/AIDSUNAIDS unaids 93.02 83.72 95.35

4OfficeoftheUnitedNations

HighCommissionerforRefugees

UNHCR Refugees 58.14 95.35 93.02

5OfficeoftheHigh

CommissionerforHumanRights

OHCHR unrightswire 62.79 93.02 90.70

6InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescent

SocietiesIFRC Federation 83.72 76.74 88.37

7 UnitedNationsFoundationUN

Foundation

unfoundation 58.14 88.37 86.05

8InternationalLabour

OrganizationILO ilo 69.77 79.07 83.72

9International

TelecommunicationUnionITU itu 88.37 67.44 81.40

10UnitedNationsOfficeforthe

CoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs

UNOCHA

unocha 34.88 88.37 79.07

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5.1.Twitteractivity

FigureC1:Activityscore,top20IOaccounts(expressedaspercentilerank).

FigureC2:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andproductionindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

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FigureC3:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andcontributionindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

FigureC4:Activity,Reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andresponsivenessindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

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FigureC5:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andinterestindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

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5.2.Twitterreception

FigureC6:Receptionscore,top20IOaccounts(expressedaspercentileranks).

FigureC7:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andretweetlevelindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

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FigureC8:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andpopularityindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

FigureC9:Activity,Reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andfollowerlevelindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

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FigureC10:Activity,reception,totalscore(representedbysize)andpublicityindicator(representedbycolor),forall43IOs.

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5.3.Overviewofsub-indicatorsforinternationalorganisations

FigureC11.presentsthedistributionsofactivitysub-indicatorsinthecategoryofinternationalorganisations.Theproductionscorehasanexpecteddistribution,withamajorityofactorscontributingmuchlessthantheminorityofthosewithveryhighTwitterproduction.ThedistributionoftheContributionscorelookssatisfactory,withthemajorityofaccountsprovidingmorethan50%oforiginalcontentrelativetotheirtotalproduction.However,thedistributionsofresponsivenessandinterestareskewedinanon-favorabledirection.Thevastmajorityofinternationalorganisations’repliestootheruserscomprisesonlyone-fifthorlessoftheiroriginalcontributions,whilealmostallofthemshowedverylittleinterestinfollowingtheproductionofotherTwitterusers.

FigureC11:Distributionsofactivitysub-indicatorsforall43IOs.

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FigureC12:Distributionsofreceptionsub-indicatorsforall43IOs.Allscoredistributionsareasexpected,withonlyaminorityofaccountsachievinghighreception.

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AppendixA:PermanentmissionstotheUNinGeneva

PermanentMission Abbr. Twitter

Activity(%Rank)

Reception(%Rank)

Total(%Rank)

France FRA https://twitter.com/FranceONUGeneve 97.92 87.50 100.00

Switzerland CHE https://twitter.com/swiss_un 79.17 100.00 97.92

EuropeanUnion EU https://twitter.com/EU_UNGeneva 95.83 93.75 95.83

India IND https://twitter.com/IndiaUNGeneva 68.75 100.00 93.75UnitedStatesofAmerica USA https://twitter.com/usmissiongeneva 85.42 89.58 91.67

Albania ALB https://twitter.com/AlMissionUNGen 100.00 58.33 89.58

Denmark DNK https://twitter.com/DKUNmisgva 95.83 70.83 87.50

Russia RUS https://twitter.com/mission_russian 43.75 95.83 85.42

Maldives MDV https://twitter.com/MVMissionGVA 47.92 91.67 83.33

Finland FIN https://twitter.com/FinlandGeneva 85.42 77.08 81.25

Germany DEU https://twitter.com/GermanyUNGeneva 60.42 85.42 79.17

NewZealand NZL https://twitter.com/NZUNGVA 79.17 77.08 77.08

UnitedKingdom GBR https://twitter.com/UKMissionGeneva 64.58 81.25 75.00

Norway NOR https://twitter.com/NorwayInGeneva 66.67 79.17 72.92

Mexico MEX https://twitter.com/MisionMexOI 60.42 72.92 70.83

Haiti HTI https://twitter.com/Haiti_UN 91.67 54.17 68.75

Sweden SWE https://twitter.com/SwedenGeneva 79.17 62.50 66.67

Turkey TUR https://twitter.com/TurkeyUNGeneva 64.58 64.58 64.58

Australia AUS https://twitter.com/AustraliaUN_GVA 25.00 85.42 62.50

Honduras HND https://twitter.com/HondurasGinebra 81.25 45.83 60.42

Rwanda RWA https://twitter.com/RwandaEmbGeneva 54.17 60.42 58.33

Belarus BLR https://twitter.com/BelarusUNOG 33.33 66.67 56.25

Italy ITA https://twitter.com/ITMissionUNGVA 27.08 68.75 54.17

Israel ISR https://twitter.com/IsraelinGeneva 60.42 43.75 52.08

Kenya KEN https://twitter.com/GenevaMissionKE 52.08 50.00 50.00

Malta MLT https://twitter.com/Order_UNOG 89.58 25.00 50.00

China CHN https://twitter.com/ChinaMissionGva 87.50 27.08 45.83

Georgia GEO https://twitter.com/GeorgiaGeneva 70.83 31.25 43.75

Canada CAN https://twitter.com/CanadaONUGeneve 45.83 43.75 41.67

Netherlands NLD https://twitter.com/NLinGeneva 35.42 54.17 41.67

Cuba CUB https://twitter.com/MisionCubaONUG 50.00 37.50 37.50

Chile CHL https://twitter.com/ChileONUGinebra 72.92 18.75 35.42

Iceland ISL https://twitter.com/IcelandinGeneva 16.67 58.33 33.33

Poland POL https://twitter.com/PLMissionGeneva 41.67 35.42 31.25UnitedArabEmirates ARE https://twitter.com/UAEMISSIONGENF 20.83 39.58 29.17

Ukraine UKR https://twitter.com/UKRinUNOG 8.33 47.92 27.08

Brasil BRA https://twitter.com/BrazilUNGeneva 37.50 20.83 25.00

Azerbaijan AZE https://twitter.com/azmissionun 14.58 29.17 22.92

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Spain ESP https://twitter.com/MisionGinebra 29.17 16.67 20.83

Latvia LVA https://twitter.com/LatviaUN_Geneva 6.25 22.92 18.75

Ethiopia ETH https://twitter.com/Ethiopianmissio 31.25 12.50 16.67

Slovenia SVN https://twitter.com/SLOtoUNGeneva 4.17 35.42 14.58

Bahrain BHR https://twitter.com/BahrainMsnCH 12.50 14.58 12.50

SolomonIslands SLB https://twitter.com/MosesKMose 39.58 4.17 10.42

Uganda UGA https://twitter.com/UGMissionGeneva 20.83 10.42 8.33

SouthKorea KOR https://twitter.com/geneva_korea 25.00 6.25 6.25

Kazakhstan KAZ https://twitter.com/KZMissionGeneva 10.42 8.33 4.17

Togo TGO https://twitter.com/MissionTogoGenv 2.08 2.08 2.08

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AppendixB:Non-governmentalorganisations

Non-governmentalorganisation Abbr. Twitter

Activity(%

Rank)Reception(%Rank)

Total(%

Rank)WorldWideFundforNature(WWF) WWF https://twitter.com/WWF 100.00 72.09

100.00

TheWorldCouncilofChurches WCC https://twitter.com/Oikoumene 88.37 86.05 97.67

Gavi,theVaccineAlliance Gavi https://twitter.com/gavi 86.05 90.70 95.35

TheGlobalFundGlobalFund https://twitter.com/globalfund 79.07 95.35 93.02

InternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN) IUCN https://twitter.com/IUCN 74.42 97.67 90.70

WorldEconomicForum WEF https://twitter.com/WEF 65.12 100.00 90.70TheGlobalAllianceforImprovedNutrition(GAIN) GAIN https://twitter.com/GAINalliance 90.70 81.40 86.05TheInternationalCenterforTransitionalJustice(ICTJ) ICTJ https://twitter.com/theICTJ 81.40 83.72 83.72

TheInternetSociety(ISOC) ISOC https://twitter.com/internetsociety 55.81 88.37 81.40

GreenCrossInternationalGreenCross https://twitter.com/GreenCrossInt 95.35 67.44 79.07

InternationalCentreforTradeandSustainableDevelopment(ICTSD) ICTSD https://twitter.com/ICTSD 67.44 81.40 76.74TheInternationalCo-operativeAlliance

ICACOOP https://twitter.com/icacoop 76.74 76.74 74.42

TheWorldOrganizationoftheScoutMovement WOSM https://twitter.com/worldscouting 20.93 93.02 72.09

SITA SITA https://twitter.com/SITAonline 93.02 55.81 69.77TheInternalDisplacementMonitoringCentre(IDMC) IDMC https://twitter.com/IDMC_Geneva 72.09 74.42 67.44InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC) IEC https://twitter.com/IECStandards 97.67 44.19 65.12TheInternationalCampaigntoBanLandmines(ICBL) ICBL https://twitter.com/minefreeworld 69.77 65.12 62.79InternationalCatholicMigrationCommission(ICMC) ICMC https://twitter.com/ICMC_news 83.72 46.51 60.47

Interpeace IP https://twitter.com/InterpeaceTweet 62.79 58.14 58.14

DiploFoundation Diplo https://twitter.com/DiplomacyEdu 39.53 65.12 55.81TheAssociationforthePreventionofTorture APT https://twitter.com/apt_geneva 30.23 65.12 53.49

ACTAlliance ACTA https://twitter.com/ACTAlliance 44.19 48.84 51.16InternationalCommissionofJurists(ICJ) ICJ https://twitter.com/ICJ_org 11.63 69.77 48.84

QuakerUnitedNationsOffice QUNO https://twitter.com/QuakerUNOffice 16.28 55.81 46.51

TheSmallArmsSurvey SAS https://twitter.com/SmallArmsSurvey 13.95 55.81 44.19TheGenevaDeclarationonArmedViolenceandDevelopment GDAVD https://twitter.com/GvaDeclaration 62.79 34.88 41.86TheGenevaCentreforSecurityPolicy(GCSP) GCSP https://twitter.com/TheGCSP 34.88 41.86 39.53

36

TheICT4PeaceFoundationICT4Peace https://twitter.com/ict4peace 48.84 37.21 37.21

InternationalFilmFestivalandForumonHumanRights,FIFDH FIFDH https://twitter.com/fifdh 53.49 32.56 34.88HumanRightsWatchGeneva(HRWGeneva)

HRWGeneva https://twitter.com/HRWGeneva 58.14 20.93 32.56

TheGenevaInternetPlatform(GIP) GIP https://twitter.com/GenevaGIP 44.19 30.23 30.23HumanRightsInformationandDocumentationSystems,International(HURIDOCS)

HURIDOCS https://twitter.com/huridocs 39.53 30.23 27.91

GenevaHealthForum(GHF) GHF https://twitter.com/Genevaforum 48.84 20.93 25.58TheGenevaInternationalCentreforHumanitarianDemining(GICHD) GICHD https://twitter.com/theGICHD 11.63 41.86 23.26

TheCAUX-IofCFoundationCAUXIo

fC https://twitter.com/CAUXIofC 51.16 16.28 20.93

GenevaEnvironmentNetwork GEN https://twitter.com/GENetwork 20.93 25.58 18.60

TheGulfResearchCenter GRC https://twitter.com/Gulf_Research 23.26 23.26 16.28InternationalInstituteofHumanitarianLaw(IIHL) IIHL https://twitter.com/IIHL_Geneva 34.88 6.98 13.95InternationalBridgestoJustice(IBJ) IBJ https://twitter.com/IBJGeneva 27.91 13.95 11.63TheCentreforHumanitarianDialogue

HDCentre https://twitter.com/hdcentre 25.58 9.30 9.30

TheGlobalHealthProgramme(GHP) GHP https://twitter.com/_globalhealth 6.98 11.63 6.98

GrainesdePaix GP https://twitter.com/grainesdepaix 4.65 2.33 4.65TheGenevaPeacebuildingPlatform GPP https://twitter.com/GPPlatform 2.33 4.65 2.33

37

AppendixC:Internationalorganisations

InternationalOrganisation Abbr. TwitterActivity(%Rank)

Reception(%Rank)

Total(%Rank)

WorldHealthOrganization(WHO) WHO https://twitter.com/who 100.00 100.00 100.00UnitedNationsInformationCentre(UNOG)Geneva

UNGeneva https://twitter.com/UNGeneva 97.67 83.72 97.67

UnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS) UNAIDS https://twitter.com/unaids 93.02 83.72 95.35OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees(UNHCR) UNHCR https://twitter.com/Refugees 58.14 95.35 93.02OfficeoftheHighCommissionerforHumanRights(OHCHR) OHCHR https://twitter.com/unrightswire 62.79 93.02 90.70InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties(IFRC) IFRC https://twitter.com/Federation 83.72 76.74 88.37

UnitedNationsFoundation

UNFoundatio

n https://twitter.com/unfoundation 58.14 88.37 86.05InternationalLabourOrganization(ILO) ILO https://twitter.com/ilo 69.77 79.07 83.72InternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU) ITU https://twitter.com/itu 88.37 67.44 81.40UnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs(UNOCHA) UNOCHA https://twitter.com/unocha 34.88 88.37 79.07WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO/OMPI) WIPO https://twitter.com/wipo 79.07 67.44 76.74TheInternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA) IATA https://twitter.com/IATA 60.47 74.42 76.74EuropeanOrganizationforNuclearResearch(CERN) CERN https://twitter.com/CERN 4.65 97.67 72.09InternationalOrganizationforMigration(IOM) IOM https://twitter.com/IOM_news 74.42 62.79 72.09InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossÂ(ICRC) ICRC https://twitter.com/icrc 20.93 90.70 67.44

UNWatch UNWatch https://twitter.com/UNWatch 76.74 55.81 65.12TheInternationalBaccalaureate(IB) IB https://twitter.com/iborganization 86.05 48.84 62.79EuropeanBroadcastingUnion(EBU) EBU https://twitter.com/EBU_HQ 81.40 44.19 60.47InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO) ISO https://twitter.com/isostandards 65.12 53.49 58.14TheConventiononWetlands,TheRamsarConvention Ramsar https://twitter.com/RamsarConv 93.02 39.53 58.14WorldTradeOrganization(WTO) WTO https://twitter.com/WTO 18.60 72.09 53.49UnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearch UNITAR https://twitter.com/UNITAR 72.09 46.51 51.16

38

(UNITAR)

WorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO) WMO https://twitter.com/WMOnews 25.58 60.47 48.84InternationalTradeCentre(INTRACEN) INTRACEN https://twitter.com/ITCnews 69.77 41.86 46.51UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope(UNECE) UNECE https://twitter.com/UN_ECE 53.49 51.16 44.19TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC) IPCC https://twitter.com/IPCC_CH 16.28 69.77 41.86UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD) UNCTAD https://twitter.com/unctad 13.95 58.14 39.53

UNGreeningtheBlue UNGtB https://twitter.com/UNGtB 95.35 23.26 37.21UNOfficeonSportforDevelopmentandPeace UNOSDP https://twitter.com/unosdp 39.53 34.88 34.88TheUnitedNationsOfficeforProjectServices(UNOPS) UNOPS https://twitter.com/UNOPS 32.56 34.88 32.56UNResearchInstituteforSocialDevelopment(UNRISD) UNRISD https://twitter.com/UNRISD 32.56 30.23 30.23TheUnitedNationsCollaborativeProgrammeonReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradationinDevelopingCountries UNREDD https://twitter.com/unredd 13.95 37.21 27.91

TheNansenInitiative NI https://twitter.com/nanseninitiativ 53.49 16.28 25.58UnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearch-OperationalSatelliteApplicationsProgramme(UNITAR-UNOSAT)

UNITAR-UNOSAT https://twitter.com/UNOSAT 46.51 25.58 23.26

StatisticalDivisionoftheUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope unecestat https://twitter.com/unecestat 48.84 11.63 20.93

UNITAID UNITAID https://twitter.com/UNITAID 44.19 23.26 18.60TheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation EFTA https://twitter.com/EFTAsecretariat 32.56 13.95 16.28InternationalTradeCentre,TradeandEnvironment ITC https://twitter.com/ITCenvironment 39.53 11.63 16.28

UPRInfo UPR https://twitter.com/UPRinfo 44.19 4.65 11.63GlobalForumonMigration&Development(GFMD) GFMD https://twitter.com/GFMDprocess 23.26 23.26 9.30UnitedNationsInstituteforDisarmamentResearch UNIDIR https://twitter.com/UNIDIR 2.33 27.91 6.98PlanInternationalUNOfficeinGeneva

PlanUNGeneva https://twitter.com/PlanUNGeneva 6.98 6.98 4.65

TheSouthCentre SC https://twitter.com/South_Centre 9.30 2.33 2.33

39

Notes

iURL:https://twitter.com/Geneve_int/lists/diplo-missions-in-geneva/membersiiURL:https://twitter.com/Twiplomacy/lists/diplo-missions-in-genevaiiiURL:https://twitter.com/Geneve_intivURL:https://twitter.com/nonprofitorgsvThedocumentationonTwitterSearchAPIisfoundonlineon:https://dev.twitter.com/rest/public/search;theAPIwasaccessedfrominsidetheprogramminglanguageR,usingtheTwitteRpackage,documentedon:https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/twitteR/twitteR.pdf.viTheTwitterSearchAPIdoesnotreturnanexhaustivelistofstatusespublishedonthebehalfofanyTwitteraccount.Thecurrentlimitonthenumberofstatusesthatcanberetrievedfromaparticulartimelineis3,200(cf.https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/twitteR/twitteR.pdf).Wewerethusabletoretrieve(a)alltweetsfromanyparticularaccountthatdidnotpublishbeyondthecurrentsearchconstraint,and(b)asampleof3,200tweetsforseveralaccountsthatdid.viiTheRProjectforStatisticalComputing:https://www.r-project.org/viiiTwitteRRpackagewasusedtoquerytheTwitterSearchAPIfrominsideR:https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/twitteR/index.html.ixThisindicatorislabeledRetweetenessinthegraphs.xThisindicatorislabeledFollownessinthegraphs.xiIntermsofSpearman'srank-ordercorrelationcoefficient,R=.41. xiiIntermsofSpearman'srank-ordercorrelationcoefficient,R=.41. xiiiActivity,reception,andtotalindicatorsareallexpressedaspercentile-ranks(seeMethodology).xivCf.“OnlineContributionstotheGlobalCommunity:ThePowerLawsforNewMedia”,GoranS.Milovanović,September30,2010.URL:http://www.exactness.net/post/1217388296/powerlaws