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Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant
Principals
Summary of Leadership Experience, Age, and Retirement Status
October 2017
Prepared by:
Sam Rauschenberg
This page intentionally left blank.
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
i
Overview
In spring 2017, the General Assembly created a Joint Study Committee on the Establishment of a
Leadership Academy to study the possibility of establishing a leadership academy to support public
school principals and other school leaders. The committee requested the Governor’s Office of Student
Achievement (GOSA) provide a report on the current status of public school building-level leaders.
The following report summarizes the leadership experience, age, and retirement status of current
principals and assistant principals. It examines statewide patterns, as well as by Regional Education
Service Agency (RESA) and district size, combining data from the Professional Standards Commission
(PSC) and the Teachers Retirement System of Georgia (TRS) for the 2016-2017 school year.1
For the district size comparison, districts are placed into the following four groups of districts:2
• Small (76 districts with fewer than 10 principals and assistant principals)
• Midsize (79 districts with 11-50 principals and assistant principals)
• Large (11 districts with 51-100 principals and assistant principals)
• Very Large (13 districts with more than 100 principals and assistant principals)
Key Findings for Principals
• The average principal has nine years of building-level experience and five years of experience as
a principal.
• Principals in small districts generally have much less building-level experience compared to large
or very large districts.
• 41% have three or fewer years of experience as a principal. Only 12% have more than ten years
of principal experience.
• The average age of a principal is 48 years old. Most are 54 or younger.
• One-fourth of principals are currently eligible for retirement, and another 29% will become
eligible within five years.
• In districts with 100 or fewer leaders, roughly 6 in 10 leaders are either eligible now or will be
eligible to retire within five years.
Key Findings for Assistant Principals
• The average assistant principal has five years of building-level leadership experience, but half
have three or fewer years of building-level experience.
• As above, assistant principals in small districts tend to have less experience compared to large
and very large districts, but the difference is not as wide.
• The average age of an assistant principal is 45 years old. Only 3% are 60 or older.
• One-third of assistant principals are either eligible for retirement now or within five years.
• In small districts, 46% are either eligible now or within five years.
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
ii
Table of Contents
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ i
Building-Level Leadership Experience ........................................................................................................ 1
Building-Level Principal Years of Experience ............................................................................................. 4
Age of Building-Level Leaders..................................................................................................................... 6
Retirement Eligibility .................................................................................................................................... 9
Appendix I: Leader Counts by District Size and RESA ............................................................................. 12
Appendix II: Geographical Information for Context .................................................................................. 13
Map of Regional Educational Service Agencies (RESAs) ..................................................................... 13
Map of Districts by Count of Building-Level Leaders ........................................................................... 14
Maps of Districts with Fewer than 3,500 Students ................................................................................. 15
Map of 2016 Chronically Failing Schools (as published by GOSA in January 2017) ........................... 16
Notes ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
1
Building-Level Leadership Experience
2016-2017 Statewide Principal Summary
2,176 principals
2016-2017 Statewide Assistant Principal Summary
3,685 assistant principals
RESA and district size charts are on the following two pages. A map of RESAs is available in the report
appendix for reference.
Summary Findings for Principals
• The average principal has nine years of building-level experience.
• 16% have three or fewer years of experience, while nearly half have four to ten years of
experience.
• Principals in small districts generally have much less building-level experience compared to large
or very large districts.
• Oconee RESA has the largest percentage of principals with three or fewer years of experience
(38%). Metro and Northwest Georgia RESA have the smallest percentages (10% and 9%).
Summary Findings for Assistant Principals
• The average assistant principal has five years of building-level leadership experience, but half
have three or fewer years of building-level experience.
• As above, assistant principals in small districts tend to have less experience compared to large
and very large districts, but the difference is not as wide.
• Two-thirds of assistant principals in Okefenokee RESA have three or fewer years of experience.
• Ten of 16 RESAs have 50% or more assistant principals with three or fewer years of experience.
348
999
798
31
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
0-3 years 4-10 years 11-20 years 21+ years
Nu
mb
er o
f L
ead
ers
Experience as Principal or Asst. Principal
Building-Level Years of Experience
16% 46% 37%
1,832
1,397
446
100
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
0-3 years 4-10 years 11-20 years 21+ years
Nu
mb
er o
f L
ead
ers
Experience as Principal or Asst. Principal
Building-Level Years of Experience
50% 38% 12%
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
2
16%
9%
10%
12%
14%
14%
15%
15%
16%
17%
23%
26%
26%
26%
27%
27%
38%
46%
46%
48%
48%
47%
41%
49%
53%
40%
46%
46%
45%
44%
43%
32%
45%
42%
37%
43%
40%
38%
40%
42%
34%
32%
42%
36%
30%
28%
28%
29%
38%
27%
17%
1%
1%
2%
2%
0%
2%
2%
0%
2%
1%
1%
2%
1%
1%
3%
0%
4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Statewide
Northwest Georgia
Metro
First
North Georgia
Griffin
Central Savannah River
Coastal Plains
Middle Georgia
West Georgia
Pioneer
Okefenokee
Southwest Georgia
Northeast Georgia
Heart of Georgia
Chattahoochee-Flint
Oconee
Principal Building-Level Leadership Years of Experience
by RESA
0-3 4-10 11-20 21+
10%
10%
19%
34%
48%
41%
45%
45%
40%
47%
35%
19%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very Large (>100 Leaders)
Large (51-100 Leaders)
Midsize (11-50 Leaders)
Small (<10 Leaders)
Principal Building-Level Leadership Years of Experience
by District Size0-3 4-10 11-20 21+
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
3
47%
48%
52%
57%
39%
38%
38%
34%
14%
13%
10%
8%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very Large (>100 Leaders)
Large (51-100 Leaders)
Midsize (11-50 Leaders)
Small (<10 Leaders)
Asst. Principal Building-Level Leadership Years of Experience
by District Size0-3 4-10 11-20 21+
50%
44%
47%
47%
47%
47%
48%
50%
51%
52%
53%
53%
54%
55%
58%
58%
66%
38%
40%
41%
38%
44%
39%
35%
40%
36%
37%
41%
40%
34%
36%
35%
31%
30%
12%
16%
12%
14%
8%
14%
16%
9%
12%
11%
6%
7%
11%
10%
8%
9%
4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Statewide
North Georgia
Northwest Georgia
Metro
Northeast Georgia
West Georgia
Oconee
Coastal Plains
Griffin
First
Pioneer
Middle Georgia
Chattahoochee-Flint
Heart of Georgia
Central Savannah River
Southwest Georgia
Okefenokee
Asst. Principal Building-Level Leadership Years of Experience
by RESA
0-3 4-10 11-20 21+
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
4
Building-Level Principal Years of Experience
2016-2017 Statewide Principal Summary
2,176 principals
RESA and district size charts are on the following page. A map of RESAs is available in the report
appendix for reference.
Summary Findings for Principals
• The average principal has five years of experience as a principal.
• 41% have three or fewer years of experience. Only 12% have more than ten years of principal
experience.
• More than half of small district principals have three or fewer years of experience as a principal,
compared to 37% in large and very large districts.
• Four of 16 RESAs have more than half of principals with three or fewer years of experience as a
principal (Oconee, Southwest Georgia, Chattahoochee-Flint, and Coastal Plains). Another seven
RESAs have 40% or more with fewer than three years of principal experience.
Most assistant principals do not have experience as a principal. However, 110 assistant principals (3%)
have at least one year of experience as a principal.
8961,012
261
70
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
0-3 years 4-10 years 11-20 years 21+ years
Nu
mb
er o
f L
ead
ers
Experience as Principal
Years of Experience as Principal
41% 47% 12%
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
5
37%
37%
43%
55%
50%
46%
46%
39%
13%
17%
11%
6%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very Large (>100 Leaders)
Large (51-100 Leaders)
Midsize (11-50 Leaders)
Small (<10 Leaders)
Principal Years of Experience as Principal by District Size0-3 4-10 11-20 21+
41%
30%
35%
37%
38%
39%
40%
41%
43%
45%
47%
47%
49%
50%
51%
56%
58%
47%
58%
51%
47%
50%
43%
47%
45%
45%
43%
51%
42%
41%
39%
40%
36%
38%
12%
12%
14%
15%
12%
18%
14%
14%
13%
10%
0% 2%
11%
8% 2%
11%
9%
9%
4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Statewide
Northwest Georgia
First
Central Savannah River
Metro
Griffin
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
West Georgia
Pioneer
Okefenokee
Northeast Georgia
Heart of Georgia
Coastal Plains
Chattahoochee-Flint
Southwest Georgia
Oconee
Years of Experience as a Principal by RESA
0-3 4-10 11-20 21+
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
6
Age of Building-Level Leaders
2016-2017 Statewide Principal Summary
2,176 principals
2016-2017 Statewide Assistant Principal Summary
3,685 assistant principals
RESA and district size charts are on the following two pages. A map of RESAs is available in the report
appendix for reference.
Summary Findings for Principals
• The average age of a principal is 48 years old. Most are 54 or younger.
• Principal age is generally consistent across various sizes of districts.
• Most principals in all RESAs are below 55 years old.
• 1 in 10 principals in Central Savannah River RESA are 60 or older. 25% are 55 or older.
• West Georgia RESA has no principals who are 60 or order, and only 9% who are 55 or older.
Summary Findings for Assistant Principals
• The average age of an assistant principal is 45 years old. Only 3% are 60 or older.
• Assistant principal age is similar across various district sizes. However, small district assistant
principals tend to be slightly older.
• As with principals, most assistant principals in all RESAs are below 55 years old.
• One in five assistant principals in Chattahoochee-Flint RESA are at least 55 years old.
• Half of RESAs have 50% or more assistant principals who are younger than 45 years old.
98 228
1,135
715
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
60+ 55-59 45-54 Below 45
Nu
mb
er o
f L
ead
ers
Age Category
Age
33%52%11%5%
126293
1,416
1,850
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
60+ 55-59 45-54 Below 45
Nu
mb
er o
f L
ead
ers
Age Category
Age
50%39%8%3%
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
7
5%
6%
4%
5%
10%
11%
10%
12%
51%
53%
54%
52%
35%
30%
31%
32%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very Large (>100 Leaders)
Large (51-100 Leaders)
Midsize (11-50 Leaders)
Small (<10 Leaders)
Principal Age by District Size60+ 55-59 45-54 <45
5%
2%
2%
2%
4%
4%
5%
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
7%
8%
10%
10%
17%
9%
15%
15%
14%
8%
11%
8%
13%
11%
10%
10%
12%
6%
11%
15%
52%
50%
66%
57%
49%
56%
50%
50%
53%
46%
55%
59%
51%
54%
52%
46%
50%
33%
33%
26%
26%
34%
28%
38%
35%
34%
35%
28%
25%
33%
27%
35%
35%
24%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Statewide
Oconee
West Georgia
Pioneer
Okefenokee
Chattahoochee-Flint
Metro
Coastal Plains
Northwest Georgia
Griffin
Northeast Georgia
North Georgia
Southwest Georgia
First
Middle Georgia
Heart of Georgia
Central Savannah River
Principal Age by RESA
60+ 55-59 45-54 <45
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
8
4%
2%
4%
3%
8%
8%
8%
10%
37%
41%
40%
41%
52%
49%
48%
45%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very Large (>100 Leaders)
Large (51-100 Leaders)
Midsize (11-50 Leaders)
Small (<10 Leaders)
Asst. Principal Age by District Size60+ 55-59 45-54 <45
3%
2%
2%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
4%
4%
4%
5%
7%
10%
8%
10%
7%
6%
2%
5%
11%
11%
6%
7%
8%
12%
9%
13%
5%
9%
11%
38%
29%
39%
44%
32%
48%
45%
44%
34%
37%
41%
35%
42%
38%
39%
34%
37%
50%
61%
53%
48%
64%
45%
41%
42%
57%
52%
48%
50%
45%
45%
52%
50%
41%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Statewide
Oconee
Griffin
Northeast Georgia
Okefenokee
Heart of Georgia
Middle Georgia
First
West Georgia
Metro
Northwest Georgia
Coastal Plains
North Georgia
Pioneer
Central Savannah River
Southwest Georgia
Chattahoochee-Flint
Assistant Principal Age by RESA
60+ 55-59 45-54 <45
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
9
Retirement Eligibility
2016-2017 Statewide Principal Summary
2,176 principals
2016-2017 Statewide Assistant Principal Summary
3,685 assistant principals
RESA and district size charts are on the following two pages. A map of RESAs is available in the report
appendix for reference.
Summary Findings for Principals
• One-fourth of principals are currently eligible for retirement, and another 29% will become
eligible within five years.
• In districts with 100 or fewer leaders, roughly 6 in 10 leaders are either eligible now or will be
eligible to retire within five years.
• In four RESAs, 33% or more principals are currently eligible for retirement (Northeast Georgia,
North Georgia, Central Savannah River, and Heart of Georgia).
• Metro RESA has fewer principals who are eligible for retirement now or within five years than
other RESAs.
Summary Findings for Assistant Principals
• One-third of assistant principals are either eligible for retirement now or within five years.
• In small districts, 46% are either eligible now or within five years.
• Seven of 16 RESAs have 40% or more assistant principals who are eligible now or within five
years.
• While Metro RESA has the second fewest assistant principals who are eligible now or within five
years, the difference from other RESAs is not as large as with principals.
545 631619
381
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Eligible Less than 5
yrs
5-10 yrs 10+ yrs
Nu
mb
er o
f L
ead
ers
Years until Eligble
Retirement Eligibility
25% 29% 28% 18%
522710
1,080
1,373
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Eligible Less than 5
yrs
5-10 yrs 10+ yrsN
um
ber
of
Lea
der
s
Years until Eligble
Retirement Eligibility
14% 19% 29% 37%
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
10
22%
28%
28%
27%
26%
31%
32%
32%
31%
29%
26%
27%
21%
12%
15%
15%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very Large (>100 Leaders)
Large (51-100 Leaders)
Midsize (11-50 Leaders)
Small (<10 Leaders)
Principal Retirement Eligibility by District SizeNow <5 Years 5-10 Yrs 10+ Yrs
25%
20%
17%
23%
20%
28%
25%
29%
31%
30%
25%
35%
28%
33%
34%
28%
35%
29%
25%
38%
32%
35%
27%
31%
28%
27%
29%
35%
27%
35%
30%
30%
36%
29%
28%
33%
38%
32%
32%
24%
31%
24%
25%
29%
25%
24%
28%
23%
19%
28%
22%
18%
22%
8%
13%
13%
20%
13%
19%
17%
13%
15%
14%
9%
14%
17%
9%
14%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Statewide
Metro
Oconee
Pioneer
Northwest Georgia
Coastal Plains
Griffin
First
Southwest Georgia
West Georgia
Chattahoochee-Flint
Heart of Georgia
Middle Georgia
Central Savannah River
North Georgia
Okefenokee
Northeast Georgia
Principal Retirement Eligibility by RESANow <5 Years 5-10 Yrs 10+ Yrs
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
11
12%
12%
19%
20%
18%
21%
21%
26%
30%
30%
29%
26%
41%
37%
32%
28%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very Large (>100 Leaders)
Large (51-100 Leaders)
Midsize (11-50 Leaders)
Small (<10 Leaders)
Asst. Principal Retirement Eligibility by District SizeNow <5 Years 5-10 Yrs 10+ Yrs
14%
10%
12%
12%
14%
13%
12%
19%
16%
19%
14%
19%
19%
19%
16%
18%
23%
19%
17%
17%
18%
17%
18%
21%
16%
22%
21%
26%
21%
22%
22%
26%
24%
23%
29%
33%
30%
34%
25%
33%
43%
29%
29%
32%
32%
26%
24%
26%
22%
30%
26%
37%
40%
41%
36%
44%
36%
24%
35%
33%
29%
28%
33%
35%
33%
37%
28%
29%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Statewide
West Georgia
Metro
Okefenokee
Central Savannah River
Griffin
Heart of Georgia
Oconee
Northwest Georgia
North Georgia
Pioneer
Southwest Georgia
First
Northeast Georgia
Coastal Plains
Middle Georgia
Chattahoochee-Flint
Asst. Principal Retirement Eligibility by RESANow <5 Years 5-10 Yrs 10+ Yrs
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
12
Appendix I: Leader Counts by District Size and RESA
Count of Building-Level Leaders by District Size
District Size Number of
Principals
Number of
Asst. Principals Total
Very Large (>100 Leaders) 928 1,922 2,850
Large (51-100 Leaders) 307 496 803
Midsize (11-50 Leaders) 678 1,002 1,680
Small (<10 Leaders) 236 239 475
No Category* 27 26 53
Statewide 2,176 3,685 5,861
*State Charter School, State School, and Department of Juvenile Justice leaders are excluded from
the district size analysis.
Count of Building-Level Leaders by RESA
RESA Number of
Principals
Number of
Asst. Principals Total
Central Savannah River 123 153 276
Chattahoochee-Flint 88 97 185
Coastal Plains 74 101 175
First 178 254 432
Griffin 126 228 354
Heart of Georgia 37 42 79
Metro 725 1,627 2,352
Middle Georgia 100 155 255
North Georgia 88 151 239
Northeast Georgia 106 144 250
Northwest Georgia 152 229 381
Oconee 24 31 55
Okefenokee 47 50 97
Pioneer 106 150 256
Southwest Georgia 81 118 199
West Georgia 94 129 223
No RESA* 27 26 53
Statewide 2,176 3,685 5,861
*State Charter School, State School, and Department of Juvenile Justice leaders are excluded
from the RESA analysis.
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
13
Appendix II: Geographical Information for Context
Map of Regional Educational Service Agencies (RESAs)
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
14
Map of Districts by Count of Building-Level Leaders
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
15
Maps of Districts with Fewer than 3,500 Students
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
16
Map of 2016 Chronically Failing Schools (as published by GOSA in January 2017)
Georgia’s Public School Principals and Assistant Principals
17
Notes
1 The report includes all Principals (610) and Assistant Principals (615) reported in the March 2017
Certified/Classified Personnel Information (CPI) Data Collection as provided by the Professional Standards
Commission (PSC) who were still active in the Teachers Retirement System of Georgia as of June 30, 2017. 334
leaders from the 2016-2017 file were either already retired, refunded, or not in the system as of June 30, 2017. The
report does not take into account employment changes between March and September 2017. For data matching, the
PSC developed an individual-level file from the March 2017 CPI data collection that included years of experience
and age and provided it to TRS. TRS then matched its retirement records and removed all identifying information
before providing GOSA with an individual-level data file. For the purposes of this report, PSC is the source of
leadership experience information, and TRS is the source for age and retirement eligibility. 2 State charter schools, state schools, and the Department of Juvenile Justice schools were excluded from the district
size analysis.
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