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Ghana 400 – 1230 AD
Mali 1230 – 1355 AD
Songhay 1355 -1591 AD
MK 2016 Soninke drum music
The Gold Coast
West Africa
West Africa
Europe
Middle East
Asia
Feudalism
Castles
Byzantine Empire
Crusades
Mohamad
Spread of Islam
Arab Islamic Empire
Crusades
Mongols
Tong
Song
Mongols
Yuan Dynasty
Kublai Khan
Elsewhere
Ghana
Ghana
About 400 AD the
Soninke people
united their villages
and created the
Kingdom of Ghana.
Ghana took
advantage of the
trade routes going
through their
territory.
Salt and cloth in
the North
Gold and slaves in
the South
GhanaTraders could save
money by doing
business in Ghana.
(shorter distance)
Ghana taxed
imports and
exports.
Gold and slaves traveled north
Salt and cloth traveled South
Ghana provided
a neutral place
for trading
goods.
Ghana became wealthy
from taxes not from
producing goods.
African tribes were often at
war with each other which
could interrupt business.
Harvesting salt from
evaporated lakebeds
Much like the way it
was done 1,500 years
ago.
Gold mines today look
like the mines
1,500 years ago.
Slaves captured
in the south were
sold to Arab
buyers in the
North.
Gold Salt Slaves
Fall of Ghana
Ghana
By 1230, the gold
mines in the
South had played
out. New mines
were located
farther East.
The Trade routes
shifted Eastward,
outside of
Ghana.
Without the
trade, Ghana
became poor and
weak.
Mali
In 1230, a
warrior from
the Mandinka
tribe named
Sundiata
(“Lion King”)
founded the
kingdom of
Mali.
MaliMali becomes
wealthy as a
result of the
gold, salt, cloth
and slave trade.
Unlike Ghana,
Agriculture was
a source of
trade / income
in Mali.
Spread of Islam into Africa
Islam was
brought
into Africa
by Muslim
merchants
and
traders.
By 1312 AD
Islam had
become the
official
religion of
Mali.
MaliKing Mansa Musa
wanted to gain
respect for
African Muslims
from Arab
Muslims.
He turned the city
of Timbuktu
Into a center of
learning. It had 3
universities and
some of the best
Muslim scholars
gathered in its
House of Wisdom.
Timbuktu
University
of
Sankore
Built in
1324
Mali
Mansa Musa
was the richest
person in the
world.(possibly in history)
worth c. $400 billion
In 1324, he
undertook the
Hajj to Mecca
Fall of Mali
A lack of good
rulers, the
shifting
eastward of
trade routes
and a civil war
weakened Mali.
Sunni Ali, the
king of Songhai
attacked and
conquered Mali
in 1355.
Songhai
Songhai
controlled all
important trade
routes through
West Africa
Songhai became
actively involved
in the slave
process; not just
taxing the trade
as it moved
through their
territory.
SonghaiThe Songhai
created the first
professional
navy in Africa.
The navy
guarded the
Niger river and
prevented
enemies from
sailing into
Songhai.
The navy also
would guard
slave ships
heading to
market.
Songhai
Askia
Muhammad
established a
Muslim dynasty
and built
hundreds of
schools and
universities
when he was
king of Songhai.
In 1591 Songhai
was conquered
by Morocco.
Venice
AlexandriaTripoli
African Gold
to
Arabs and Europe
African Slaves
to
Arabs and later
to Europeans
and Americans
Arab knowledge
and religion
to
Africa
Europe (knowledge)
TradeEurope Arab Africa
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