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. : gps
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GPS GIS
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. . . . . . www.alwatan.com.kw :
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. ( )GIS .
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. GIS . . . : GIS . www.alqabas.com.kw: . . ! . . . . GIS . . ( ) . GIS 100 . GIS GIS
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. 1973 . www.alwatan.com.kw:
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()GPS ( )GPS . 1429 ( )G.I.S ()GPS ( )500. . www.alriyadh.com : - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
ESRI MapInfo Geomedia
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SuperMap GIS .Technologies Inc . . . . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
SuperMap ++C Delphi #C ++Visual C.Visual Basic.Net SuperMap SuperMap :SuperMapSuperMap
SuperMap Express SuperMap Deskpro +SuperMap SDX SuperMap IS.Net SuperMap . SuperMap Express . . SuperMap Open Geospatial Consortium GML Metadata . SuperMap www.supermap.com .
SuperMap
Express . .
+SuperMap SDX SuperMap Deskpro Oracle SQL Server .Sybase . SuperMap IS.Net . . SuperMap .
SuperMap GIS . SuperMap Viewer download.asp SuperMap GIS .
http://www.supermap.com/downloadcenter/
SuperMap Express . .Overlay
SuperMap Deskpro
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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. ( ). . .... ....... . . .
. . ( )Photogrammetry ( )Remote Sensing . . . . . .
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. : : : . GIS Geomedia Pro ArcGIS .Interoperability . : ... ... ( ) . . : . ... .
. : . . - - . . . : . GeoMedia Pro GIS ArcGIS ArcGIS . : . . . : . .
: . : . . . . . . .... . : . . . . . . : . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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: . . 1408 . : : . - . . . ( )Geomatics . .
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. .... . (Temporal
:
)Information Systems, TIS (Spatial Information Systems, .)SIS . . . . . : : (Visual )Interpretation : (System .)Interpretation . . . . . .
: . . . . ( ) . . . . .
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- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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. 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 . 0.6 0.7 ( ) (0.7 ) . . ( )False color . . ( )Normal color films . : ( Blue)( Green ,)Red , () ( Infrared , ). .
MSS TM . ( ) . . : . . : . . . . . . ( )
. . . . . . . . . ( , )Photo ( )Image . . Stereo-image Mono-image Single Image image Photo .
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- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
" - - - SCJA - SCJP - SCJD from Sun Microsystems CMA - CMDEV from MySQL AB
773wisam.mohammed@gmail.com www.emaps-egypt.com
2007
2004 2003 2003 2000 - 2005 2006 Linux 2003
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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SPATIAL DATA RELATIONSHIPS . - aligdi23@yahoo.com
. . - .Arc/Node Model () Arc .Node vertices Line segments .Node . . . Polygon .
. Feature labels Primary Keys .DBMS Attribute Record . . . : . . TOPOLOGY .
. - - . . .Topology : ( Topological Data Model ). Vector Data . Relational Structure
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- - ( ) Logical Model .Physical Model . ). : CAD Spaghetti .CAD : Static . ArcGIS : . 2000 . . . . ArcGIS .
. : . : . Contiguity or Adjacency touch-one-another Proximity near-one-another .Buffering Spatial Analysis . - Topological definition ( . .
Format . ( ) . . . . . . . Edges Faces . . . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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-2 -3 . . . Least-cost path .analysis GIS Introduction by David J. Buckey, February 1997 http://cpu.uwc.ac.za/GIS-primer/page_22.htm
.Vector
DBMS
:Database Links . . . : -1
. . Referential Integrity Spatial Data . : : -1 -2 -3 ( ) . ( ) . . : -1 Adjacency -2 Connectivity -3 Containment Polygon Definition .Islands ( )1 . - Arcs ArcInfo .
:1 . . : ) A B ) )
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- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
-3 .Google Earth
3-1 Google Earth Arc GIS
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-4 Google Earth
.Arc GIS
Earth Arc GIS KMLER http://xbbster.googlepages.com/kmler . -1 Google Earth ( ) .%100
-5 Arc GIS set view in GE () Arc GIS Google Earth get view from GE Google EarthArc GIS .
-2 Arc GIS import screen kml
. Google Earth
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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3-2 shape file ( ) Google Earth Arc GIS -3 . : shape file point ( )x,y,z Arc GIS Google Earth . : -1 Google Earth Terrain ( ) Tools .Options
-4 ( intervals ) ok .Google Earth
-5 ( ) shape file ()Decimal Degrees UTM-WGS84 .
-2 Arc GIS kml get points from
terrain .
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-8 Shape file .
Arc ToolBox Data
-6 close
Management Tools Projection & Transformation .Project .
-9 x & y .
-10 ( )X & Y & Z .
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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-3 ( TIN ) . -4 3D Analyst surface
3-3 Google Earth Arc GIS: . Google Earth : -1 ( )TIN 3D Analyst 3D Analyst create/modify tin .create tin from features
analysis .contour
-5 input surface ( )3 contour interval ( 10) output features .ok
-6 10 40 870.
-2 layer ( ) z height source ( ) z ( ) output tin .ok
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. ( )Object-Oriented Gis-oogis . . . Arc Info .Arc GIS . .
. .
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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GPS
GIS
GPS
. GIS GPS . GPS . GPS .
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-1 ( ) . . . . Global Positioning System . GPS . -2 GPS
( )2 : ( )3 :2 GPS . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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( :)3 Navigational Receivers
Hand-Held Receivers ( 3000-300 ) . Geodetic Receivers ( ) ( 30000 ) . -5 GPS ( ) . . . .
. . -3 GPS : Single Point Positioning SPP () . Precise Point Positioning PPS . . -4 GPS
:2 . 100 . ( ) 100 . Selective Availability .SA 2001. 1 2000 SA . - - 22 . ( ) 22 . - SA
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%50 .
: : [ ]1 1423 . ____________ [ ]2 1997 GPS http://members.chello.at/ hamoui .2006 ____________ [ ]3 1426 http://cdd.gotevot.edu.sa/institute/ /books/supevision/3 .2006 :[Dawod, G., 2006, New strategies ]4 in the utilization of GPS technology for mapping and GIS activities in Egypt, .Submitted to CERM magazine
. ( 5 ) . %90 . . ( Spatial Resolution ) . . 50000 : 1 25 . .
- . Ionospheric and Tropospheric.effects
[Milbert, Dennis, 2001, Accuracy of ]5 hand-held GPS receivers after SA off, http://mywebpages.comcast.net/dmilbert/ handacc/accur.htm, Accessed August .2006
____________
-6 GPS GIS [ ]8-7-6-5 8 . []4 32 - 1.9 7.9 5.2 . %75 6.0 .
[Rizos, C., and Satirapod, C., 2001, ]6 GPS with SA off: How good is it? Part 2, .21-Measure and Map, No. 12, pp. 19
____________
[Ruppercht, Wolfgang, 2001, Post SA ]7 accuracy measurements, http://www. wsrcc.com/wolfgang/gps/accuracy.html, .Accessed August 2006
____________
____________comparison with and without SA, http:// www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/info/sans_SA/, .Accessed August 2006
[Snay, Richard, 2000, Accuracy ]8
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
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: http://www.gisclub.org/library/magazine/gisclubmagazine_1.pdf
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