Going the Distance with Distance Ed! - ADEA · SOTC Southern Oklahoma Technolog y Center in...

Going the Distance withDistance Ed!

Going the Distance withDistance Ed!

SpeakersSpeakers

Carolyn Ray, RDH, M.Ed.Carolyn-Ray@ouhsc.eduCarolyn Ray, RDH, M.Ed.Carolyn-Ray@ouhsc.edu

Jane Gray, RDH, M.Ed.Jane-Gray@ouhsc.eduJane Gray, RDH, M.Ed.Jane-Gray@ouhsc.edu

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Summarize a brief history of distance education.Describe effective learning strategies utilized with distance education.Analyze common challenges associated with distance education.

Summarize a brief history of distance education.Describe effective learning strategies utilized with distance education.Analyze common challenges associated with distance education.

“Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the pedagogy and andragogy, technology, and instructional systems design that aim to delivereducation to students who are not physically "on site". Rather than attending courses in person, teachers and students may communicate at times of their own choosing by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time and through other online ways.”

“Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the pedagogy and andragogy, technology, and instructional systems design that aim to delivereducation to students who are not physically "on site". Rather than attending courses in person, teachers and students may communicate at times of their own choosing by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time and through other online ways.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_learning

Hybrid DEHybrid DE“Distance education courses that require a physical on-site presence for any reason including the taking of examinations is considered to be a hybrid or blended course of study.”

“Distance education courses that require a physical on-site presence for any reason including the taking of examinations is considered to be a hybrid or blended course of study.”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_learning

History of DEHistory of DE

Distance Education and Training Council. (2001). The History of the Distance Education and Training Council. Harcourt Learning Direct. Washington, D.C. (pg. 2) - Retrieved March 2009 from http://www.detc.org/downloads/DETC%20History%20Book.pdf

History of DEHistory of DE

1858 University of LondonOffered distance learning degrees

1969 Open UniversityOffered Correspondence Education courses

1858 University of LondonOffered distance learning degrees

1969 Open UniversityOffered Correspondence Education courses

DE in AmericaDE in AmericaCharles Wedemeyer

University of Wisconsin-MadisonFather of modern distance education in AmericaSeptember 8, 1911- August 1, 1999

Felt that technology was a toolfor opening opportunity to learn and promote democracy in education

Charles Wedemeyer University of Wisconsin-MadisonFather of modern distance education in AmericaSeptember 8, 1911- August 1, 1999

Felt that technology was a toolfor opening opportunity to learn and promote democracy in education

Technologies used in DE DeliveryTechnologies used in DE DeliverySynchronous

Learning occurs in different places at the same time

AsynchronousLearning occurs in different places at different times

SynchronousLearning occurs in different places at the same time

AsynchronousLearning occurs in different places at different times

Technologies UsedTechnologies UsedSynchronous

TelephoneBroadcast videoInternet chatVideoconferencingNet meeting

SynchronousTelephoneBroadcast videoInternet chatVideoconferencingNet meeting

AsynchronousVoicemail/faxVideocassetteAudiocassetteE-mailPrint materialsVoice mail/faxVideocassette

AsynchronousVoicemail/faxVideocassetteAudiocassetteE-mailPrint materialsVoice mail/faxVideocassette

Lever-Duffy, Judy and Jean B. McDonald. Teaching and Learning with Technology.Pearson Education, Inc., 2008, 2005, 2003.

Technology ResourcesTechnology Resources

http://asianvu.com/bookstoread/etp/EdTechFlyer.pdfhttp://asianvu.com/bookstoread/etp/EdTechFlyer.pdf

Online Resource: http://www.ajde.com/index.htm

Online Resource: http://www.ajde.com/index.htm

Types of DE CoursesTypes of DE Courses

Correspondence via mailSynchronous or asynchronous via internetBroadcast via television or radioCD-ROM via PCPocket PC via wireless server

Correspondence via mailSynchronous or asynchronous via internetBroadcast via television or radioCD-ROM via PCPocket PC via wireless server

How it all began inOklahoma

OU involvement

How it all began inOklahoma

OU involvement

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Tri CountyTechnical Centerin Bartlesville

Tri CountyTechnical Centerin Bartlesville

TCTCTCTC

SOTCSouthernOklahomaTechnolog

yCenter inArdmore

SOTCSouthernOklahomaTechnolog

yCenter inArdmore

SOTCSOTC

Western Technology Center

in Weatherfo

rd

Western Technology Center

in Weatherfo

rd

WTCWTC

Parent Site inOklahoma Cityat theUniversity

of OklahomaHealth Sciences Center

Parent Site inOklahoma Cityat theUniversity

of OklahomaHealth Sciences Center

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How it works hereHow it works here

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Step 1

Get intothe same

book!

Facilitating ClinicFacilitating Clinic

Coordinating all 4 Sites

Coordinating all 4 Sites

Standardization of Clinical Experiences

for Students

Standardization of Clinical Experiences

for Students

Faculty CalibrationFaculty Calibration

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Faculty CalibrationFaculty Calibration

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Faculty CalibrationFaculty Calibration

Local Anesthesia CardsLocal Anesthesia Cards

Our Tracking SystemOur Tracking Systemhttp://dentistry.ouhsc.edu/hygiene/tr

acking/

U.S. Accredited DH Programs

U.S. Accredited DH Programs

Non-Traditional Design 05-06 06-07 07-08N = 285 N = 286 N = 293

Branch or Satellite Campus 22 24 26Self-paced Curriculum 2 1 2Evening Section 17 21 21Independent Study 3 7 4Modular Curriculum 2 4 3On-line Study 37 41 40Other 25 29 31

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education

Non-Traditional Design 05-06 06-07 07-08N = 285 N = 286 N = 293

Branch or Satellite Campus 22 24 26Self-paced Curriculum 2 1 2Evening Section 17 21 21Independent Study 3 7 4Modular Curriculum 2 4 3On-line Study 37 41 40Other 25 29 31

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education

U.S. Accredited DH& D ProgramsU.S. Accredited DH& D ProgramsSelected Instructional Methods 05-06 06-07 07-08 06-07

Dental Hygiene Dental N = 285 N = 286 N = 293 N = 56

Audio Courses 0 2 1 1Audio Conference Courses 0 1 1 2Correspondence 3 4 6 2Telecourse to Residence 5 5 8 0Telecourse to Satellite Clinics 7 5 8 7Virtual Field Learning/Research 10 11 12 5Multiple Away Sites-didactic 16 24 16 4

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education; 2006-2007 Survey of Dental Education (Group II, Question 22b)

Selected Instructional Methods 05-06 06-07 07-08 06-07Dental Hygiene Dental

N = 285 N = 286 N = 293 N = 56Audio Courses 0 2 1 1Audio Conference Courses 0 1 1 2Correspondence 3 4 6 2Telecourse to Residence 5 5 8 0Telecourse to Satellite Clinics 7 5 8 7Virtual Field Learning/Research 10 11 12 5Multiple Away Sites-didactic 16 24 16 4

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education; 2006-2007 Survey of Dental Education (Group II, Question 22b)

U.S. Accredited DH& D ProgramsU.S. Accredited DH& D ProgramsSelected Instructional Methods 05-06 06-07 07-08 07-08

N = 285 N = 286 N = 293 N = 56

CD-ROM to E-mail 20 22 21 7Virtual Simulation 21 20 28 24Virtual Hypermedia Instruction 23 22 26 7Virtual Lecture/Discussion 41 41 50 12CD-ROM: Self-contained System 72 71 73 28Multiple Away Sites-clinic/lab 116 121 124 49

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education; 2006-2007 Survey of Dental Education (Group II, Question 22b)

Selected Instructional Methods 05-06 06-07 07-08 07-08N = 285 N = 286 N = 293 N = 56

CD-ROM to E-mail 20 22 21 7Virtual Simulation 21 20 28 24Virtual Hypermedia Instruction 23 22 26 7Virtual Lecture/Discussion 41 41 50 12CD-ROM: Self-contained System 72 71 73 28Multiple Away Sites-clinic/lab 116 121 124 49

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education; 2006-2007 Survey of Dental Education (Group II, Question 22b)

U.S. Accredited DH& D ProgramsU.S. Accredited DH& D ProgramsSelected Instructional Methods 05-06 06-07 07-08 07-08

N = 285 N = 286 N = 293 N = 56

Obj. Structured Clinical Exam 117 151 165 43Problem-based Learning 186 187 192 35Service Learning 195 207 235 41Case-based Learning 261 263 267 51Other 35 34 40 9

(hybrid, online, web-enhanced)

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education; 2006-2007 Survey of Dental Education (Group II, Question 22b)

Selected Instructional Methods 05-06 06-07 07-08 07-08N = 285 N = 286 N = 293 N = 56

Obj. Structured Clinical Exam 117 151 165 43Problem-based Learning 186 187 192 35Service Learning 195 207 235 41Case-based Learning 261 263 267 51Other 35 34 40 9

(hybrid, online, web-enhanced)

Source: American Dental Association, Survey Center, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 Survey of Allied Dental Education; 2006-2007 Survey of Dental Education (Group II, Question 22b)

DE Didactic Instruction at OUDE Didactic Instruction at OU

Effective Learning Strategies Adapted to Teaching DE

Effective Learning Strategies Adapted to Teaching DEDesign methodology that utilizes millennial generation traitsWeb based assignmentsActive learning via activities in classCommunication with studentsDistant sites responsibilitiesEvaluation/testing

Design methodology that utilizes millennial generation traitsWeb based assignmentsActive learning via activities in classCommunication with studentsDistant sites responsibilitiesEvaluation/testing

Distinguishing TraitsDistinguishing TraitsSpecial

Vital to societySheltered

Safety movement in USConfident

↑ Trust and optimism Team-oriented

↑ Team spirit & peer bondsAchieving

Best educatedPressured

Parental pressure to excelConventional

Parental influencesWilliam Strauss and Neil Howe’s Seven Distinguishing Traits, 2000.

SpecialVital to society

ShelteredSafety movement in US

Confident↑ Trust and optimism

Team-oriented↑ Team spirit & peer bonds

AchievingBest educated

PressuredParental pressure to excel

ConventionalParental influences

William Strauss and Neil Howe’s Seven Distinguishing Traits, 2000.

Millennial StudentsMillennial StudentsHave always had computer and internetReal-time communication

Cell phoneText messageE-mailFacebookMySpace

Have always had computer and internetReal-time communication

Cell phoneText messageE-mailFacebookMySpace

Millennial StudentsMillennial Students

Computer “learning”Keyboard to take notesInternet to connect to informationRely on reading from computer rather than textbooksInteractivity

Computer “learning”Keyboard to take notesInternet to connect to informationRely on reading from computer rather than textbooksInteractivity

DE PedagogyDE Pedagogy

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://phritzysworld.files.wordpress.com/2006/07/phritzy-online1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://phritzysworld.wordpress.com/category/saturday-morning-cartoons/page/25/&usg=__D1bYWzDICCyNGhstauorbpsGuKw=&h=740&w=2262&sz=902&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=RImetApUVyKGSM:&tbnh=49&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDistance%2BEducation%2Bcartoon%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

Allow OptionsAllow OptionsGrade weightingProject topicsTesting formatsClass activities

Cooperatively designed by students with instructor imposed boundaries

Grade weightingProject topicsTesting formatsClass activities

Cooperatively designed by students with instructor imposed boundaries

Allow TeamworkAllow TeamworkPrefer size of 2 -3 individualsPeer-evaluationClass activities as “group effort”Active learning

Prefer size of 2 -3 individualsPeer-evaluationClass activities as “group effort”Active learning

Class ActivityClass Activity

Create a list of words that you think constitute the construct “professionalism”Student will propose one word

Create a list of words that you think constitute the construct “professionalism”Student will propose one word

What is a professional?What is a professional?Conceptual or operational definition?Worker required to possess a large body of knowledge derived from academic studySelf-regulating (to some degree)

Control the training and evaluation processes that admit new persons to the fieldSome historical links to guilds (associations)

Autonomy in the workplaceParticular vocabulary specific to the profession

How does this description compare with your words?http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional

Conceptual or operational definition?Worker required to possess a large body of knowledge derived from academic studySelf-regulating (to some degree)

Control the training and evaluation processes that admit new persons to the fieldSome historical links to guilds (associations)

Autonomy in the workplaceParticular vocabulary specific to the profession

How does this description compare with your words?http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional

Operational DefinitionsOperational DefinitionsDefine millennial generation

Ardmoreage?

Bartlesvillename 2 characteristics

OKCname 4 characteristics

Weatherford - any academic characteristics?

What effect do you think the traits have on professional behavior?

Define millennial generationArdmore

age?Bartlesville

name 2 characteristicsOKC

name 4 characteristicsWeatherford - any academic characteristics?

What effect do you think the traits have on professional behavior?

Frequent FeedbackFrequent FeedbackBlackboard: immediate feedback on study questions & testsMultiple ongoing ways to maintain grades: study questions, internet activities (www.dentalcare.com), papers, research article evaluations

Blackboard: immediate feedback on study questions & testsMultiple ongoing ways to maintain grades: study questions, internet activities (www.dentalcare.com), papers, research article evaluations

Stress Reduction StrategiesStress Reduction Strategies

Pre-planned reduction of workloadFlexible deadlinesStudy guides

‘see again’ questions

Pre-planned reduction of workloadFlexible deadlinesStudy guides

‘see again’ questions

Provide ShelterProvide Shelter

Detailed syllabiExtra credit assignmentsPre-exam reviewsReduce content when possible

Detailed syllabiExtra credit assignmentsPre-exam reviewsReduce content when possible

Build ConfidenceBuild ConfidenceMotivate to work hardEarly reinforcement of precisionProvide samples when possible

PresentationsExamsPapers

Motivate to work hardEarly reinforcement of precisionProvide samples when possible

PresentationsExamsPapers

Etiquette InstructionEtiquette Instruction

Classroom rulesDeliberate discussions regarding new activities

Service learningStudent research

Cheating

Classroom rulesDeliberate discussions regarding new activities

Service learningStudent research

Cheating

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The Perils of DistanceThe Perils of Distance

TechnologyComputersIT supportCell phonesE-mail

Time

TechnologyComputersIT supportCell phonesE-mail

Time

ComputerComputer

Faculty expertiseHardwareSoftware

Student savvyPersonally techieAcademically delayed

Faculty expertiseHardwareSoftware

Student savvyPersonally techieAcademically delayed

IT SupportIT Support

Connection issuesBlackboard supportProgram versions

Connection issuesBlackboard supportProgram versions

Cell PhonesCell Phones

CELL PHONES and PAGERS must be inactivated during class hours to avoid class disruption. A two-point penalty deduction from the final grade will be made for each infraction.

E-mail CommunicationE-mail Communication

Implies 24/7 accessTime Implies 24/7 accessTime

Questions or Comments?Questions or Comments?