GREECE. GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Sea –Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea. GREECE GEOGRAPHY

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GREECE GEOGRAPHYGREECE GEOGRAPHY

• The Sea– Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea.

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GREECE GEOGRAPHYGREECE GEOGRAPHY

• The Sea– Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea.– Traded with other societies because they did

not many natural resources.

GREECE GEOGRAPHYGREECE GEOGRAPHY

• The Sea– Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea.– Traded with other societies because they did

not many natural resources.– Used a travel method called island hopping to

travel across the sea.

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• Island Hopping

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• The Land

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• The Land– Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of

ancient Greece.

GREECE GEOGRAPHYGREECE GEOGRAPHY

• The Land– Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of

ancient Greece.– Independent city-states developed because

the mountains keep the communities separate.

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• The Climate

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• The Climate– The temperature is

moderate and it only rains in the winter.

• Avg. temps:– 48˚ winter, – 80˚ summer

• Developed an outdoor culture for Greek males– Exs: meetings,

discussions

GREECE GEOGRAPHYGREECE GEOGRAPHY

• The Climate– The temperature is moderate and it only rains

in the winter.– Most Greek societies spent the majority of

their time outside because of the favorable climate.

GREECE GEOGRAPHYGREECE GEOGRAPHY

• The Climate– The temperature is moderate and it only rains

in the winter.– Most Greek societies spent the majority of

their time outside because of the favorable climate.

– Men spent most of their lives outdoors at the agoras, gyms, and political meetings or at the theater, civic or religious celebrations.

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• Mycenaeans

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• Mycenaeans– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most

of the peninsula.

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• Mycenaeans– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most

of the peninsula.– Traded across the seas

(influenced by Minoans)

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• Mycenaeans– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most

of the peninsula.– Traded across the seas

(influenced by Minoans)– Greeks made contact with many societies

across the Mediterranean Sea

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• Mycenaeans– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most

of the peninsula.– Traded across the seas

(influenced by Minoans)– Greeks made contact with many societies

across the Mediterranean Sea– Population increases forced Greek societies

to develop colonies in neighboring lands

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• Mycenaeans– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the

peninsula.– Traded across the seas

(influenced by Minoans)– Greeks made contact with many societies across the

Mediterranean Sea– Population increases forced Greek societies to

develop colonies in neighboring lands– The Greeks also went to war with neighboring

societies and their colonies.

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• Trojan War

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• Trojan War– 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy

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• Trojan War– 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy– The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak

into Troy aboard a giant fake horse.

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• Trojan War– 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy– The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak

into Troy aboard a giant fake horse.– Fact or Fiction?

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• Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.)

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• Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.)– No written records exist from this time period.

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• Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.)– No written records exist from this time period.– History and information was passed through

oral tradition (ex. epics and myths)

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• After the Dark Ages, the “polis” developed - that is a city-state (a city and its surrounding land).

• All citizens (free adult land-owning males) were expected to serve the polis– Meetings were held in the agora (market

place) or the Acropolis (the fortified hilltop).

– Armies of citizens formed and made iron weapons.

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

–Every citizen was expected to be a soldier for his polis.

–Hoplites (foot soldiers with armor, spear, and shield) developed.

–The phalanx developed - the most powerful fighting machine of its day.

Greek City-State (Polis)Greek City-State (Polis)

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• City-State (Polis)– Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• City-State (Polis)– Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece– Central urban area for surrounding

countryside

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• City-State (Polis)– Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece– Central urban area for surrounding

countryside– Citizens discussed government issues at the

agora

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• Citizenship

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• Citizenship– Adult Male Landowners

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• Citizenship– Adult Male Landowners– Gave input into

government issues

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• Citizenship– Adult Male Landowners– Gave input into

government issues– Served in the military in

times of war

GREEK SOCIETYGREEK SOCIETY

• Citizenship– Adult Male Landowners– Gave input into

government issues– Served in the military in

times of war– Wealthy citizens began

their formal education at the age of seven

GREEK RELIGIONGREEK RELIGION

• The Olympics were held in honor of the gods• The Greeks imagined their gods to be a lot like

humans • They had their passions/weaknesses (love,

hate, fear, jealousy) • They were quarrelsome, but they were

immortal. • Greeks developed myths about their gods and

goddesses and used these myths to understand the mysteries of nature/life.

GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

• Socrates

• Aristotle

• Plato

ATHENSATHENS

ATHENSATHENS

• Early Government

ATHENSATHENS

• Early Government– Oligarchy – governments ruled by a few

powerful people

ATHENSATHENS

• Form a Democracy– Draco introduces a legal code to make all

Athenians equal under the law

ATHENSATHENS

• Form a Democracy– Draco introduces a legal code to make all

Athenians equal under the law.– Solon outlaws debt slavery and organized

Athenian citizens into four social classes according to wealth.

ATHENSATHENS

• Form a Democracy– Draco introduces a legal code to make all

Athenians equal under the law.– Solon (594 B.C.) outlaws debt slavery and

organized Athenian citizens into four social classes according to wealth.

– Cleisthenes (508 B.C.) allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage. He creates the Council of Five Hundred. This creates a limited democracy in Athens.

GREEK ARCHITECTUREGREEK ARCHITECTURE

GREEK ARTGREEK ART

ATHENSATHENS

• Women had few rights in Athens.

ATHENSATHENS

• Women had few rights in Athens.– No Voting– No testifying in court without a male

representative– Must remain in the house– Adulterers were put to death

SPARTASPARTA

• Spartans worked to create a strong city-state:– only healthy children were allowed to live– boys were trained for the army at 7– life in army training was harsh to toughen the soldiers

up– men remained in the army until the age of 30; then in

reserves– women were healthy and vigorous; exercised and

played sports; could not vote– created such a strong army, left little time to be

creative in the arts– military valued duty, strength, and discipline.

GREEK SOLDIERGREEK SOLDIER

GREEK PHALANXGREEK PHALANX