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Greek Art
• Periods
• Pottery•• Sculpture
• Architecture
Malaspina Great Books
Periods
Archaic: 1700BC - 500 BC( During the new kingdom in Egypt)
Classical: 500 BC - 323 BC
Classical: Head of Blond Youth
Classical: 500 BC - 323 BC(when Greece was in its prime)
Hellenistic: 323 BC - 30BC(Exaggerated Perfection)
Stoa at AthensPainting
Pottery
Niobid Krater
•What we know about the Greek
culture during the ancient time comes
from their pottery .
•There are thousands of pieces of
pottery still remaining. pottery still remaining.
•They used the pottery for a variety of
reasons
•Most all of their pottery was black
with orange narrative art.
Achilles PainterPottery
Andokides PainterPottery
Apulian PainterPottery
Berlin PainterPottery
YouTube - Ancient Greek Vases
Sculpture
Early Classical 4: Blond Boy, c. 480 B.C.
Greek and Roman Sculpture• Greek and Roman Sculpture is very
Similar. Both were very realistic.
• The Romans Copied the Greek’s
sculptures, then they improved them.sculptures, then they improved them.
• Most sculptures are made of marble, and
are of important people (Leaders, gods,
and athletes).
• After the Romans copied the Greek
Sculptures they destroyed most of them.
Myron
Diskobolus (Discus Thrower)
ca. 450 B.C.E.
Roman marble copy after a bronze original
61 in. high
Phidias Athena 438 BCSculpture
Phidias? Man with Helmet Sculpture
Polyclitus Doryphoros (Spear carrier) 440 BCSculpture
Hellenistic: Venus of Melos (Milo) c. 100 BCSculpture
Laocoon and his sons c. 175-150 BC Vatican MuseumSculpture
Architecture- Greek
Model of Parthenon
During the Greek
time period the
cities were built on
top of mountains
and hillsides
Acropolis
Athens, Greece
Greece’s most Famous building is the
Parthenon.
It was made as a temple for the
Goddess Athena. Goddess Athena.
It had a 40 feet tall statue made of
Gold and Ivory of her, but it was stolen
There is a full scale replica at Nashville
Pheidas’ Athena Parthenos 5th c. BCIntroduction
Pheidas’ Athena Parthenos 2002 – Nashville ReplicaIntroduction
Parthenon replica - NashvilleIntroduction
ParthenonArchitecture
Doric: Temple of HeraArchitecture
Doric: Temple of Zeus at OlympiaArchitecture
Greek Architecture
• Buildings were mostly temples
• Buildings were made of marble and stone
• The buildings were actually painted in bright
colors during the Greek time periodcolors during the Greek time period
What are the Similarities of the
Greeks and Romans?
How have the ancient Greeks and How have the ancient Greeks and
Romans influenced our buildings?
Roman Advances in Architecture Romans were well known
thieves. Although most of their ideas were stolen from other societies Romans improved upon the stolen ideas and made them great.
� Arches Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & BetterBetterBetterBetter� Concrete
Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & Bigger & BetterBetterBetterBetter� Concrete inventorsinventorsinventorsinventors� Dome Buildings wide open wide open wide open wide open buildingsbuildingsbuildingsbuildings
� Aqueducts Their own idea of Their own idea of Their own idea of Their own idea of running water system, clean running water system, clean running water system, clean running water system, clean cities.cities.cities.cities.
� Bath houses houseshouseshouseshouses with with with with heating and running water.heating and running water.heating and running water.heating and running water.
YouTube - Ancient Rome 3D
Roman Aqueduct
Ancient Rome had eleven
major aqueducts, built
between 312 B.C. and 226
A.D.the longest (Anio
Novus) was 59 miles long.
Aqueducts
• Aqueducts provided water for people in a town or village. •The Greek had underground canals and galleries, hewn out of the rock to lead the water to dry pastures.
Pont Du Gard
water to dry pastures. •The Romans were the first to construct aqueducts the way we know them:
--a line of arches joined together, with a channel on the top to carry water.
Aqueduct Technology
•Closed pipes were occasionally used to cross valley s by the "inverted syphon" method.
• The pressure forced the water down and up again on the other side, to a level slightly lower than before.
Aqueducts in America
Croton Aqueduct,New York City, NY, 1842
•Provide clean water to the growing city.
Cabin John Bridge, Washington Aqueduct, Washington, DC, 1852
The Arches
Arch of Constantine is
the Ancient Roman
Arch of Severus is the A classic
example of the triumphal
36
the Ancient Roman
Corinthian style arch
that has a bearing
Masonry construction
system.
example of the triumphal
arch type.
Arch of JanusArch of Titus is the
triumphal arch, gateway
Ancient Rome’s Architecture
Pantheon
37
The Pantheon, one of the most impressive
buildings in Rome, as rebuilt in A.D. 117-125 (by
Emperor Hadrian to replace an earlier temple
designed by Agrippa in 27 B.C.) The original
rectangular temple, consisting of sixteen single
granite columns, became the porch for the
newly devised dome structure.
Colosseum
YouTube - Modern Marvels: The
Colosseum
Amphitheaters
• Amphi- means "around" in Greek. Amphi-theatres are "theatres in the round”
• The amphitheatre was the place where people went to see fights. These fights see fights. These fights were between slaves, prisoners of war or criminals, and sometimes wild animals
• They were usually outdoor arenas where people watched sporting events and plays.
Amphitheaters in America
Michigan State University, Stadium
Arlington, Virginia
Theaters
• The theater was shaped with a half circle or orchestra space in front of the stage.
• The structure was built into a hillside and the wall behind the stage structure was relatively stage structure was relatively low.
• To solve the problem of lighting and sound - the theaters were outdoors.
• Dodoni was a vital center from about 2000 BC and flourished well into the Roman times. Dodoni Ancient Greek Theater,
Northwest Greece
Theaters - American
Boston Pops, Massachusetts
Greek Theater Formation
• Orchestra : The orchestra (literally, "dancing space") was normally circular.
• Theatron : The theatron (literally, "viewing-place") is where the spectators sat.spectators sat.
• Skene : The skene (literally, "tent") was the building directly behind the stage.
• Parodos : The parodoi (literally, "passageways") are the paths by which the chorus and some actors made their entrances and exits.
Ancient Roman Baths
44
Public baths were an important part of Roman life. Early baths
generally had dressing room suites and bathing chambers with
hot- , warm- , and cold-water baths alongside an exercise area.
Later, they incorporating libraries, lecture halls, and vast
vaulted public spaces elaborately decorated with statues,
mosaics, and paintings.
Bath Houses
• Aqueducts provided the water to the public baths.
• Heated and cooled baths.• Heated and cooled baths.
• Dirty water was replaced with clean water.
• Exercise and message rooms were available.
Bath House - Heating
The system the Romans had for maintaining their bat hs. In the cold and hot areas, the water temperature wa s actually regulated by the use of underground fire furnaces.
Baths Houses in America
Bath houses – Spas
provide:
• Skin Care• Mud Baths• Mud Baths• Salt Scrubs• Body Wraps• Herbal Baths • Mineral Baths• Aromatherapy• Exercise room• Facial Treatment• Message Therapy
Brief History
• Ancient Greece is considered by most historians to be the cultural foundation of Western Civilization .
• Greek culture was a powerful influence in the Roman Empire , which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe.
• Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely • Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, art and architecture of the mo dern world.
• The Roman Empire's influence on government, law, an d monumental architecture, as well as many other aspects of Western life remains visible today.
Architectural Influences (Select an area of interest and explore.)
Doric
Column
Ionic
Column
Corinthian
Column
Amphitheaters Arches Monuments
Aqueducts Bath HousesTheaters
Doric Columns
• The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital ), is plain. capital ), is plain.
• The columns are fluted.
• This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily .
Doric Architecture
In Doric columns:• On the architrave, there are
triglyphs and metopes .
• At the top of the columns, there's a capital made of a there's a capital made of a sort of small pillow in stone, and then a square block, under the architrave.
• The columns have no base, but just sit right on the floor.
Doric Architecture in America
Doric Columns used on the porch of a house .
Justice Hall, New York City, New York
Ionic Architecture
• The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant.
• The capital is decorated • The capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute).
• This style was found in eastern Greece and the
islands
Maps
Ionic: Temple of Apollo at DidymaArchitecture
Ionic
Architecture
Ionic Architecture
In Ionic columns:• At the top of the columns,
there's a double curve in stone, under the architrave.
• They are still fluted , but • They are still fluted , but they have more flutes than Doric columns.
• The columns have a small base to stand on, instead of sitting right on the floor.
Ionic Architecture in America
Garden Statuary, Stockbridge, MA
Residence Mason, Michigan
Residence Mason, Michigan
Corinthian Architecture
• The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples.Roman temples.
• The capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves
Corinthian Architecture
In Corinthian columns:
• On the architrave, as in Ionic temples, there is a continuous frieze where the triglyphs and metopes would be on a Doric temple.
• At the top of the columns, on the capital, there's a stone carving of acanthus leaves, under the architrave.
• The columns have a fancier base to stand on.
Corinthian Architecture in America
Duveen's Gallery,
New York City, NY
New York University,Hall of Fame Terrace,
New York
Corinthian Architecture in America
Corinthian column used onoutside portico (porch) of:
State Of Michigan Capital Building .
Blue Prints Drawing; 1865
State of Michigan Capital Building,
Lansing, MICompleted in
1879
Corinthian Architecture in America
State of Michigan Capital Building,Lansing, MI 1879
Corinthian Architecture in America
Capital Building, Washington, D.C.
Under the pediment, looking upward at the coffered(decorative, sunken panel)ceiling, outside the Capital Building, Washington, D.C.
Arches
• An arch is a curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight.
• The arch was developed in Ancient Greece and later refined in Ancient Rome .refined in Ancient Rome .
• Arches were used by for underground structures such as drains and vaults.
• The ancient Romans were the first to use them widely above ground .
The Arch of Constantine ; background right, the Colosseum .
Arches in America
Public Library, interior 1897
New York
Union Station, interior1908
Washington, DC
Monument
• Roman monuments were constructed using the arch and had the details carved into them.
• The arch was usually very big and was a prominent feature of the skyline of the town in which it was located .Arch of Constantine
315 A.D.
Monuments in America
General Grant National Memorial, New York, 1897
Plymouth Rock, Canopy over rock, Plymouth, MA
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