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7/28/2019 Greenpower Nano-Tera Annual Meeting 2013
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
GREENPOWERConnecting renewable energy to green mobility using Hydrogen as energy
carrier under the Belenos Clean Power Initiative
Fabiane Oliveira1, Judith Waller1, Robert Tween1, Paul Velut1, Yves Leterrier1,
Jan-Anders Mnson1, Lorenz Gubler2, Lukas Bonorand2, Philip Dietrich2, Gunther Scherer2,
Olha Sereda3, Antonia Neels3, Alex Dommann3, Emmanuel Onillon3,
Bahaa Roustom4, Roger Marquis4, Antoine Toth4, Rexhep Gashi4, Alexandre Closset4
EPFL-PSI-CSEM-BELENOS
(1) Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymres, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne
(2) Paul Scherrer Institut, Research Department General Energy (ENE), CH-5232 Villigen PSI
(3) CSEM, Jacquet Droz 1, CH-2002 Neuchtel(4) Belenos Clean Power Holding Ltd, Seevorstadt 6, CH-2501 Biel/Bienne
Nano-Tera Annual Meeting, Bern, May 30, 2013
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Novel proton-conducting polymer membranes
Novel piezoelectric H2 barrier materials
Novel control station to optimize domestic energy flux
Health monitoring system for hydrogen-related technologies (storage, fuel cell)
Scale-up to demonstrator level (3.5 kW fuel cell + 100 bar storage vessel)
Objectives of the project
The Belenosconcept
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
BELENOS
CSEM data & simulation
EPFL gas storage
PSI membranes
composite tank
piezo liner
Process-structure
fundamentals
degradation
State of health
monitoring via CVM
External conditions(weather, grid, )
Process-structure
fundamentals
data processing
safety monitoring
Via piezo liner viscoelastic behavior
Concepts & design
Fuel cell electronic control
Material properties
Specifications of
the control station
Partners and Interactions
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel
Greenpower energy flux optimization
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel
Greenpower energy flux optimization
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
T= 80C, H2 / O2,p = 2.5 bara
ETFE
C
SO3H
N25 mm
Membrane chemistry
0 1000 2000 3000
Lifetime / h
Grafted membrane
Nafion 212
Nafion XL-100
2 out of 3 membranesstill intact @ 2400 h
Durability under simulated automotive
conditions
membrane H2 crossover (mA/cm2)
Grafted membrane
Nafion 212
Nafion XL-100 2.4
4.1
0.82
durability-critical: lower = better
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Membrane Performance and Durability
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
EPFL-PSI collaboration on viscoelastic
phase diagram of proton conducting
membranes
PSI fuel cell demonstrator
6-cell stack with 60 cm2 active area
Leterrier Y., Thivolle J., Oliveira F., Mnson J.-A.E., Gubler L., Ben youcef H., Bonorand L., Scherer G.,'Viscoelastic Phase Diagram of Fluorinated and Grafted Polymer Films and Proton Exchange Membranes for
Fuel Cell Applications', in press in J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys.
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
1b: uncrosslinked membrane
2b: crosslinked membrane
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
PFSA data: M.F. Mathias et al., Electrochem. Soc. Interface14 (2005) 24
estimate based on current
technology (base case)
GM study: no upfront costs
ultimate potential(lowest case)
critical factors: throughput materials utilization
Nafion type membranes
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Cost Estimate
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel
Greenpower energy flux optimization
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Self-sensing high pressure H2 storage vessel
Commercial H2 storage vessels (thick polymer liner +
metal + carbon fiber composites) are expensive and
present a risk of H2
embrittlement
Development of a novel gas-barrier and piezoelectric
polymer nanocomposite membrane (EPFL-CSEM
collaboration on process-structure-property relations)
The Greenpower project combines for the first time a
self-sensing liner with a cost-effective composite
production process
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Self-sensing high pressure H2 storage vessel
4 kg H2 needed to drive a fuel cell car 400 km (45 m3 at ambient -> 0.11 m3 at 400 bar)
Schlapbach, L. Zttel, A. Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications, Nature, 414 (2001)
piezosensorandhydrogen
barriermembrane(PVDF)
carbonfiberreinforced
polymercompositeshell
polyamidelineraluminiumconnec on
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Collaboration EPFL-CSEM on process-structure-property relations in piezo-electric polymer materials
Proportion of piezoelectric -phase in modified PVDF-TrFE: 95%
30% increase in piezoelectric coefficient
10 x reduction of gas permeation
0 8 16 24 32 40 48
10C
30C
50C
40C
Annealing time [h]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50
0h2h
4h
16h
24h
48h
Temperature [C]
P[1016c
m3 c
mc
m-2s
-1P
a-1]
0
20
40
60
80
0 20 40 60
A B
Oxygen permeability of modified PVDF-TrFE In-situ XRD analysis of PVDF-TrFE
Self-sensing high pressure H2 storage vessel
S. Dalle Vacche, et al., The effect of processing conditions on the morphology,thermomechanical, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of P(VDF-
TrFE)/BaTiO3 composites, J. Mater. Sci., 47, 4763-4774 (2012).
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Silver electrode
Composite shell
piezo
sensorPA12 Liner
Self-sensing high pressure H2 storage vessel
1 liter, 100 bars
demonstrator
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
3 HIGHLIGHT STORIES
Proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Self-sensing high pressure H2 storagevessel
Greenpower energy flux optimization
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Greenpower energy flux optimisation
Commercial photovoltaic (PV) management systems are
limited to monitoring of PV installations
The Greenpower project considers the house and
associated hydrogen car as a system and develops
adaptive prediction of energy production, consumption
and storage capability
Health monitoring of the car fuel cell and hydrogen
storage included in the management system, leading to
financial savings up to 26% depending on the electricity
sale/resale scheme
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Energy flux optimization at domestic level, relying
on energy consumption and production
prediction, with development of:
the necessary prediction adaptive algorithms
the necessary optimization algorithms
installation health monitoring
validation platform
Greenpower energy flux optimisation
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Novel energy flow management at domestic level taking into account:
prediction of renewable energy production
consumption needs
To be presented at the 4th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power,
ICCEP 2013, 11-13 June, Alghero, Sardinia, Italy
Greenpower energy flux optimisation
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Development of a validation platform for the prediction and optimization
algorithms (car energy needs were simulated)
Savings up to 26% depending on the electricity sale/resale scheme
Greenpower energy flux optimisation
To be presented at the 4th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power,
ICCEP 2013, 11-13 June, Alghero, Sardinia, Italy
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013CONFIDENTIAL
Greenpower real scale fuel cell system
Fuel Cell system design & construction
PAC30 [kW]
60[kW]
HVB
30 [kW]
Brake
20 [kW]
EV system architecture
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013CONFIDENTIAL
Greenpower dedicated power electronics
21
Cell Voltage Monitoring
Energy Control Unit
40kW DC/DC
Vehicle integration
Software Interface
CAN-to-Sensor Interface
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013 22
Fuel Cell system integration
H2 gas filling interface
Greenpower real scale system integration
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Greenpower real life testing
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Greenpower real scale solar filling station
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
DEMONSTRATORS
Nano-Tera Annual Meeting, Bern, May 30, 2013
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GREENPOWER NANO-TERA ANNUAL MEETING, BERN, MAY 30, 2013
Acknowledgements
Swiss National Science Foundation
Pr. Damjanovic, Ceramics Laboratory, EPFL
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