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TENTATIVE TECHNICAL PROGRAM
2006-2007
DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE
R.A.R.S,ANAKAPALLI
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EXPORT ORIENTED AGRICULTURE
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OBSERVATION TRIAL ON EVALUATION OF CASHEW
VARIETIES
Objective : To identify suitable varieties for North Coastal
Zone
Available literature :
Major area under Cashew is covered by local varieties.
Most of the gardens are multiplied by seed. Of late due to efforts of
ANGRAU and department of Horticulture the farmers are taking up
planting of grafts of improved varieties. The Cashew Research
Station, Bapatla evolved high yielding varieties like BPP-1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 8 and 9 by selection and hybridization. Therefore to evaluate theperformance of BPP varieties, the present investigation is designed.
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Present Knowledge and justification
There is considerable area under cashew cultivation in the NorthCoastal Zone particularly in Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam districts
with more and more growers showing interest in this orchard crop.
However, suitable varieties for these tracts have not been identified so
far. In view of the foreign exchange potential and for expansion
particularly in wastelands, there is every need to identify suitable
varieties and to multiply planting material for the benefit of growers.
Techniques to be adopted :
Treatments : BPP-2 , BPP-4 , BPP-5,
BPP-6, BPP-8 , BPP-9
Spacing : 8 m x 8 m
Unit : 6 plants in each variety
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Data to be collected
Plant height Flowering rhythmGirth Percent seed setting
Yield Size of the nut
Pests and diseases Nutrition quality
Suitability to value added products
Expected benefit to farmers on adoption:
By growing improved varieties, yield per tree can be
increased by 10-15 kg in comparison to the local varieties.
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GROWTH CHARACTERS AND NUT YIELD OF DIFFERENT CASHEW VARIETIES
2005 - 2006
S. No. Variety Plant
heig
ht
(m)
Stem
Girth
(cm)
Plant spread (m) Nut
yield/
plant
(kg)
EW NS
1 BPP2 3.12 30.1 4.1 3.5
2 BPP
4 3.71 29.2 3.9 3.6
3 BPP5 3.84 28.5 3.6 4.5
4 BPP6 4.63 34.8 5.1 4.1
5 BPP8 2.98 24.8 3.7 3.3
6 BPP
9 3.32 35.4 4.9 4.8Mean 3.6 30.46 4.21 3.96
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Present Knowledge and Justification :
More than 60,000 ha of area is under vegetable cultivation inNorth Coastal Zone. Majority of the farmers are cultivating vegetables
under rainfed situation. The yields are very low and not remunerativedue to several problems. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify theproblems in vegetable cultivation by extensive survey of the zone. Thiswill facilitate collection of information and to document all theconstraints in vegetable cultivation. Based on this future researchprograms can be formulated on sound footing.
Data to be recorded :
Mandal-wise area under different vegetables
Yield data
Constraints in cultivation
Marketing facilitiesIncome from different vegetables
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Results achieved :
Mandal crop grown in max extent area (ha)
Anakapalle Brinjal 180
Ananadapuram Brinjal 186
Ananthagiri Tomoto 115
Atchutapuram Chillies 140
Chodavaram Bhendi 24
Devarapalle Brinjal 118
Gajuwaka Bitter gourd 38
Kasimkota Tomoto 136
Munagapaka Chillies 44
Nakkapalle Chillies 70
Padmanabham Chillies 84
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Evaluation of bitter gourd varieties for export
Objective : To identify suitable bitter gourd varieties for
North Coastal Zone for export .
Available literature :Biter gourd is cultivated in 650 acres in North
Coastal Zone mainly for domestic consumption because of itsmedicinal properties. The Agri Export Zone at Visakhapatnamopened up vast scope for export of vegetables and otherHorticultural produce to several countries. Indian bitter gourd is
liked in Malaysia, Singapore and Australia (Powell, 2005) inprocessed form.
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Present Knowledge and justification:
Export oriented Horticulture is gaining popularity day-by-day
with sustained efforts of Horticulture Scientists, entrepreneurs and
Government policies. Recent International Policy changes andestablishment of WTO have opened immense opportunities on export
front.
North Coastal Zone with AEZ at Visakhapatnam and with cheap
labour will accelerate economy of Andhra Pradesh with exports of
Horticultural Produce if suitable technology is provided.
Techniques to be adopted :
Treatments : 10 varieties
Spacing : 1.5 m x 1.5 mReplications : Three
Unit : 10 plants / replication
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Data to be collected :
1) Plant height
2) Length of the laterals
3) Days to flowering
4) yield
5) pests and diseases
6) suitability to value added products
7) product storability
Expected benefit to farmers on adoption:
By growing improved varieties, yield of bitter gourd can
increased. By exporting value added products of bitter gourd, the
economy of framers and state will be improved.
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Evaluation of Garlic varieties for North Coastal Zone
Objectives : 1) To study the performance of different
Garlic varieties under NC Zone
conditions.
2) To find out suitable variety for
preparation of flakes.
Available literature :
The dry matter increase in bulb was slow
up to 89 days and increased until 132 days after which itremained steady (Ippio,2003). Garlic has good scope for
export from North Coastal Zone. (Murthy, 2005).
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Present Knowledge and Justification :
Garlic is grown in Rabi season in North Coastal Zone.
Techniques to be adopted :
Design : R.B.D.Replications : Three
Varieties : Ten (To be procured fromdifferent centers of production )
Data to be recorded :
Height of stalk
Weight of cloves
Cloves thickness
TSS
Yield
Moisture content
Weight of flakes.Storability of flakes.
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EVALUATION OF VANILLA AT DIFFERENT SPACINGS UNDER
POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS FOR EXPORT
Objectives : To identify suitable spacing for planting vanilla
and poly house conditions.
Available literature
Vanilla is a most popular flavoring agent for numerous
sweetened foods, commercial food products, liquors, perfumes
etc., (Nielsen, 2003) It is usually propagated through shoot
cuttings planted at a spacing of 2.5 mts either way in poly house
(Vallejo, 2002).
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Present recommendations, knowledge and justification :
In recent years vanilla prices have sky rocketed in theInternational Market. Now the present situation in the World
market with regard to vanilla essence has tremendously
increased, Hence there will be good demand for the natural vanilla
There fore to evaluate vanilla it different spacing the investigation
is designed.
Techniques to be adopted :
a) Design : RBD
b) Treatments : Four
Spacing at 1 x 1 mt, 1.5 x 1.5mt, 2 x 2 mt, 2.5 x 2.5 mt
c) Replications : Fourd) Plot size : Five vines / treatment will be
used to collect data.
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Data to be collected : Vegetative growth parameters
a) Number of leaves
b) Vine lengthc) Juvenile period
d) No of flowers / vine
e) No of nodes / vine
f) Yield of beans / vine
Expected benefit to farmers on adoption :
Optimum number of vines can be grown in unit area
and the income of farmers can be increased by judicious
utilization of space in the polyhouse
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EVALUATION OF TOMATO CV. ARKA VIKAS AS INTER
CROP IN VANILLA IN POLY HOUSE
Objectives : To evaluate tomato as intercrop in vanilla
in the poly house
Available literature: Tomato can be successfully grown in poly
house under controlled conditions to getmore yield (John, 2004). Since the inter
space in vanilla during initial stages is
more, tomato can be successfully grown to
utilize the poly house area in a better way
(Robinson, 2003).
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Present recommendations, knowledge and justification
Vanilla is being grown in Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram
districts of north coastal zone,due to the encouragement given by
Department of Horticulture. However, there is no scientific knowledgegenerated and technology available on vanilla and inter crops in it with
ANGRAU. The information generated through this experiment will fill
the gap
Techniques to be adopted
Treatments :Inter space in vanilla planted at 1x1 m spacing
Inter space in vanilla planted at 1.5x1.5 m spacing
Inter space in vanilla planted at2x2m spacing
Inter space in vanilla planted at 2.5x2.5 m spacing
Design: R.B.D.
Replications: Four
Spacing for tomato: 50x40 cm.
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Data to be collected
Plant height /spread
Days to 50% flowering
No. of flowers / plantNo. of fruits / plant
Quality of fruits
Yield
Expected benefit to farmers on adoption
Tomato grown in poly house will give higher income to farmers
besides optimum utilization of inter space in vanilla in early stages.
Tomato produced in summer is highly profitable.
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PERFORMANCE OF GUAR UNDER DIFFERENT DATES OF
SOWING.
Objectives : To find out the optimum date of sowing for guar
Available literature : Sowing during 1st week of March recorded
maximum yield in Southern Zone of Andhra
Pradesh (Prasanthi 2004).
Present recommendations, knowledge and justification :
Cultivation of guar for gum is new to the North Coastal
Zone. Since the period from March First week of July is free
from frost and have more temperatures it is desirable to fix
proper date of sowing, so that the crop can complete its life cycleduring this period
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Techniques to be adopted :
a) Treatment : Different dates of sowing
1) November 1st 5) January 1st
2) November 16th 6) January 16th3) December 1st 7) February 1st
4) December 16th 8) February 16th
b) Design : RBD
c) Plot size : 4 x 2 mts
d) Spacing : 30 x 15 cms
e) Replications : Threef) Feritlizers : 25 N + 50 P2O5 + 50 K2O kg / ha
Data to be collected : a) Days to 50 % flowering
b) Days to maturity
c) Hundred seed weight
d) Seed yield kg / ha
e) Gum contentExpected benefit to farmers on adoption :
By sowing the crop at appropriate time to skip the frost
and also rains at the time harvest farmers can obtain quality
seed which gives better quality gum to fetch higher price
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EVALUATION GUAR VARIETIES FOR GUAR GUM
Objectives : To identify varieties of guar suitable for North
Coastal Zone for guar gum extraction and export
Available literature : RGC 936, RGC 986, Suvidha are the
high yielding lines from Rajasthan
(Annual Report of AICRP on Arid legumes,2004). RGM 111 performed well in southern
zone of Andhra Pradesh ( prasanthi 2005)
Present recommendations, knowledge and justification :
Guar gum can be used in cloth and paper manufacture, oil
well drilling and explosives. Demand for guar is increasing
because of the vide use of gum in many products. As guar
varieties are location specific there is need to evaluate guar
varieties for present situations and locations
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Techniques to be adopted
Design : RBD
Treatments : 20 ( varieties)
Plot size : 2 x 4 mts.
Spacing : 30 x 15 cms
Replications : Three
Data to be collected
a) Days to flowering b) Days to maturity
c) Hundred seed weight d) Plant height
e) Dry matter production f) Seed yield kg / ha
g) Gum content
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STANDARDIZATION OF PLANT SPACING FOR SEED YIELD
IN GUAR cv.R.G.M 111
Objectives : To identify suitable spacing for guar for seedyield.
Available literature :
Guar varieties RGM 111, RGC 1025 gave higher seed
yields at a spacing of 30 x 15cms (Annual Report of CAZRI,
Jodhpur, 2004).
Present recommendations, knowledge and justification :
Guar gum can be used in the manufacturing of cloth,
paper and explosives, the demand for gum is increasing days
to day. Hence, RGM 111 is evaluated at different spacings for
present situations.
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Techniques to be adopted :
a) Design : RBD
b) Treatment : Four
30 x 10 cms, 30 x 15 cms, 30 x 20 cms, 30 x 30 cms.
c) Plot size : 2 x 3 mts
d) Replications : 6
Data to be collected : a) Days to flowering
b) Days to maturity
c) 100 seed weight
d) Seed yield kg / ha
Expected benefit to farmers on adoption
Standardization of optimum spacing will give maximum
guar plant population per unit area which results in better landand water use efficiency. This will result in increasing yields and
optimum utilization of inputs.
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THE RESPONSE OF GUAR TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SODIUM
MOLYBDATE
Objectives : To identify effective concentration of SodiumMolybdate in increasing Guar seed yield.
Available literature : Seed yield was increased by spraying Sodium
Molybdate at a concentration of 0.5% after 15
days of sowing in South Australia ( Doward,2004)
Present recommendations, knowledge and justification
Guar Gum is used in various industries like Paper, oil
drilling, explosives, clothing etc. If the yield of guar seed is
increased with cultural practices, the farmers will get immensebenefit
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Techniques to be adopted
Design : RBD
Treatments : Four
Spaying of : a) 0.25% b) 0.5% c)0.75%
d) 1.0% of Sodium Molybdate after 20 and 40 days of sowing.
c) Plot size: 2 x 3 mts d) Replications: Four
e) Spacing: 30 x 15 cms
Data to be collected
a) Days to 50% flowering b) Days to maturity
c) plant height d) Hundred seed weight
e) Seed yield kg/ha. f) Dry mater production
g) Guar gum content
Expected benefit to farmers on adoption
The results obtained, if favorable will result in increased yield of
guar to benefit the grower.
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INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MANURES ON GUAR
Objectives : To find out the effect of organic sources of
manures on quality and yield of Guar gum
Available literature
Guar is cultivated for gum production which is in great
demand Internationally. Since guar gum is also used in food
industry, organic guar gum will fetch better price in international
market where organic products are in demand. (Taylor, 2004)
Present recommendations, knowledge and justification
Globally, environmental and health awareness has
brought out a change in consumer preferences. Studies made on
the presence of agric - chemical residues in food products and
their adverse effect on human health have made people to shift
over to organically grown crops. Guar gum being extensively used
in food industry this study is proposed to find out the effect of
organic sources of nutrients on yield and quality
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Techniques to be adopted
Design : RBD
Replications : Three
Plot size : 3 x 2 m
Spacing : 30 x 15 cm
Treatments:
a) FYM : 20 t / ha
b) Vermicompost : 5 t / ha
c) Neem cake : 2 t / ha
d) Press mud cake : 5 t/hae) FYM + Vermicompost + Neem cake (50% of ABC)
f) FYM + Neem cake
g) FYM + Vermicompost
h) Vermicompost + Neem cake
i) Recommended dose of fertilizer
Data to be collected
a) Days to 50% flowering b) Days to maturity
c) Plant height d) Incidence of pests and diseases
e) Hundred seed weight f) Seed yield kg/ha.
g) Nutrient status of plants and soils
h) Guar gum content
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ON FARM RESEARCH ON COCONUT
BALLIPUTTUGA
KAVITI MANDALSRIKAKULAM DIST.
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MOISTURE CONSERVATION IN COCONUT GARDENS
Objectives : 1. To conserve soil moisture in tree
basins through mulching.
2. To evaluate efficacy of various
mulches
Techniques to be adopted :
Treatments :
T1 : Mulching tree basins with coir dust @ 5Kg / palm.T2 : Mulching tree basins with paddy husk @ 5Kg / palm.
T3 : Mulching tree basins with coconut husk.
T4 : Mulching tree basins with coconut leaves or sugarcane trash
T5 : Control (No mulching)
Design : Observational
Replications : 3Experimental Size : 1 acre
Plot Size : 4 trees / treatment
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MOISTURE CONSERVATION IN COCONUT
GARDENS
S.No Particulars No of
leaves
palm /
year
No. of spadices
/pal m/
year
No of
nuts /
palm
year
Water
co
nte
nt
(ml)
Copra
weight
(g)
1. Soil dust 30.92 6.08 42.13 163.34 146.33
2. Paddy husk 29.33 6.19 35.22 168.17 159.90
3. Coconut husk 30.67 6.56 45.37 215.56 164.01
4. Coconut leaves 29.25 6.14 42.13 175.62 151.83
5. Control 28.83 5.48 38.45 132.31 128.02
6. Mean 29.80 6.09 40.66 171.20 150.01
-
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INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN COCONUT
Objectives : To determine the effect of various integrated
nutrient management treatments on growth,
yield and quality of coconut.Techniques to be adopted :
Treatments :
T1: - Application of FYM@10 kg/palm/year
T2 :- Application of neem cake @5 kg/palm/year
T3:- Application of coir compost @ 25kg/palm/yearT4:- Application of vermi compost @10kg/palm/year
T5:- In situ green Manu ring @ 5 kg/palm/year
T6: Control (Recommended dose of NPK)
Design : Observational
Replication : 4Experimental Area : 1.5 acre
Plot Size : 4 trees / treatment
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INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURES On COCONUT
S.No. Particulars No. of leaves
palm /
year
No. of
spadicus /
palm /
year
No. of nuts /
palm /
year
Water
cont
ent
(ml)
Copra
weig
ht
(g)`
1. FYM 30.13 6.12 40.31 159.12 156.45
2. Neem cake 30.06 6.03 38.36 160.32 161.39
3. Coir compost 31.00 6.54 40.39 172.57 156.38
4. Vermicompost 30.00 6.13 45.52 161.05 155.43
5. Insitu
greenmanu
ring
30.44 6.05 40.36 159.12 162.13
6. Control 30.00 6.02 38.13 158.01 157.48
7 Mean 30.27 6.16 40.98 166.7 158.76
-
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MANAGEMENT OF RED PALM WEEVIL IN COCONUT
Objectives : To evaluate various management methods for the
management of red palm weevil in coconut.
Techniques to be adopted :
Treatments :
T1 : Application of monocrotophos (1g per litre of water)
through root feedingT2 : Use of pheromone traps
T3 : Control
Design : Observational
Experimental Size: acre
Replications : 6Plot Size : 1 tree / treatment
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MANAGEMENT OF RED PALM WEEVIL
S.No. Particulars Larvalpopulation
before
treatment
Larvalpopulation
after
treatment
Adult beetlescatched
1. Monocrotophos root
feeding
11.58 1.25
2. Pheromone traps - - 16.54
3. Control 9.83 9.91
4. Mean 10.71 5.58 16.54
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MANAGEMENT OF COCONUT ERIOPHID MITE
Objective : To determine the efficacy of various chemicals on
the incidence of Eriophyid mite in coconut.Techniques to be adopted :
Treatments :
T1 : Spraying of wettable sulphur 80% wp @ 6g/L of water at
quarterly intervals.
T2 : Root feeding of monocrotophos @ 1g per litre of water
T3 : Spraying 2% Garlic + Neem 2%
T4 : Control
Design : Observational
Replications : 3Experiment Area : acre
Plot Size : 4 trees / treatment
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MANAGEMENT OF ERIOPHYID MITE
S.No
.
Particulars No. of
buttons
dropped
palm /
month
Total No. of
nuts
harveste
d / palm
Infested Nuts /
palm
1. Wettable sulphur 6.98 25.25 22.23
2. Monocrotophos 6.38 26.75 21.67
3. 2 % Garlic + 2%
neem
8.23 22.50 21.92
4. Control 9.13 24.33 23.335 Mean 7.68 24.71 22.29
MANAGEMENT OF BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE IN COCONUT
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MANAGEMENT OF BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE IN COCONUT
Objective : Management Package to basal stem rot
disease in coconut.
Techniques to be adopted :
Treatments :
T1 : Talc formulation ofTrichoderma viride 50g+5kg neem
cake / palm / year in basins.
T2: Soil drenching with 1% Bordeaux mixture @ 40 L/PalmT3 : Root feeding with calixin 6ml in 25 ml water
T4: Untreated control.
Design : Observation trial.
Replications : 4 palms / replication
Experimental Area : 0.3 ac
Plot Size : 0.3 ac
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MANAGEMENT OF BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE IN
COCONUT
S.No. Particulars Average height of
lesion from
base
1. Trichoderma viride + Neem cake 35.69
2. Soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture 42.73
3. Calixin root feeding 29.95
4. Control 66.89
5 Mean 43.81
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EVALUATION OF INTERCROPS IN COCONUT UNDER RAINFED
CONDITIONS.
Objectives : To evaluate different inter crops under rainfed
conditions.
Techniques to be adopted
Treatments S.No. Crops Spacing
1. Tapioca 90cm X 90 cm
2. Coccinia 2m X 1.5m
3. Bottle gourd 3m X 0.9m
4. Ridge gourd 2.5m X 0.9m
5. Long pepper 60cm X 60cm6. Guar 45cm X 15cm
b. Design : Observational trial
THIS TRIAL WILL BE DISCONTINUED
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SURVEY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF COCONUT
GARDENS IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT.
Objectives : To assess the nutritional status of coconut gardens
in Srikakulam District.
Techniques to be adopted : Soil samples from 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 cms and
l test leaf samples will be collected
Design : Observational trial
Results achieved so far : Soil samples and Leaf samples from 23
Coconut gardens were collected and are
to be analyzed for nutrient status
Soil samples will be analysed on the spot by using soil sample kit developed
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