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Indian Independence and Gandhi. DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS: Organized by nationalists in 1885 to gain greater rights for Indians WORLD WAR I: Indians were forced to fight for Britain. DELHI GATE. Dedicated to the 70,000 Indian troops who died during WWI. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCEDESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS:INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS:
Organized by nationalists in 1885 to gain Organized by nationalists in 1885 to gain greater rights for Indiansgreater rights for Indians
WORLD WAR I:WORLD WAR I: Indians were forced Indians were forced to fight for Britainto fight for Britain
Dedicated to the Dedicated to the
70,000 Indian 70,000 Indian
troops who died troops who died
during WWIduring WWI
DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCEDESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE
AMRITSAR MASSACRE:AMRITSAR MASSACRE: British troops British troops open-fired on peaceful Indian open-fired on peaceful Indian protestersprotesters
In 10 mins., In 10 mins.,
379 were killed379 were killed
& 1,100 were& 1,100 were
woundedwounded
What qualities should a leader for India What qualities should a leader for India possess? possess?
Why would these qualities prove important?Why would these qualities prove important?
MAHATMA =MAHATMA =
Studied Law in Studied Law in EnglandEngland
Fought racial Fought racial prejudice in prejudice in South AfricaSouth Africa
PEACE & LOVE, DUDE!
GANDHI’S DOCTRINE (BELIEFS)GANDHI’S DOCTRINE (BELIEFS)
______________: nonviolence; reverence ______________: nonviolence; reverence for all lifefor all life
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE:CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: refusal to obey refusal to obey unjust lawsunjust laws
IF YOU BE DISRESPECTIN’…THEN
I’LL WHIP OUT A CAN OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE!
Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Western ThoughtWestern Thought
Followed Hindu religious Followed Hindu religious
practices (no meat) and practices (no meat) and
beliefs (Polytheistic)beliefs (Polytheistic)
Wore traditional HinduWore traditional Hindu
clothes: ________clothes: ________
STYLE AND COMFORT…BOOYAH!
Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Western ThoughtWestern Thought
_______________ & _______________:_______________ & _______________:
Fought for = rights for Fought for = rights for
untouchablesuntouchables
Fought for women’s rightsFought for women’s rights
MAKING CONNECTIONSMAKING CONNECTIONS
Although THOREAU referenced the Although THOREAU referenced the American government in his essay, how American government in his essay, how are his ideas related to the situation in are his ideas related to the situation in India in the 1800s and early 1900s?India in the 1800s and early 1900s?
1920s and 30s – Series of nonviolent actions 1920s and 30s – Series of nonviolent actions against British ruleagainst British rule(What is Gandhi’s nonviolent resistance called?)(What is Gandhi’s nonviolent resistance called?)
Boycott British goods and textilesBoycott British goods and textiles
Restore the practice of spinning and Restore the practice of spinning and weaving textilesweaving textiles
Restoring Pride in Spinning and Restoring Pride in Spinning and WeavingWeaving
“GET RID OF OUR HELPLESSNESS”
HOW COULD SPINNING AND WEAVING MAKE
INDIANS LESS HELPLESS?
WHY SALT?WHY SALT? Necessary for survivalNecessary for survival British claimed sole right to:British claimed sole right to:
Burdened ___________and Burdened ___________and
symbolized ________________symbolized ________________
THE SALT MARCH (1930)THE SALT MARCH (1930)
WHAT HAPPENED?WHAT HAPPENED? 240 mile march to the sea to collect their 240 mile march to the sea to collect their
own saltown salt
Thousands joined Thousands joined
in support and in support and
thousands were thousands were
arrestedarrested
The Salt March (1930)The Salt March (1930)
RESULTSRESULTS British granted ______________________British granted ______________________
But NOT __________________________But NOT __________________________
Britain was greatlyBritain was greatly
criticized for this!criticized for this!
► ► Indians are forced to fightIndians are forced to fight
► ► Indian National Congress and Gandhi Indian National Congress and Gandhi
____________ ____________
The Cost of IndiaThe Cost of India India becomes too costly for the British to India becomes too costly for the British to
controlcontrol
____________ = (Christians, Buddhists, etc.)____________ = (Christians, Buddhists, etc.)
________________________
= 255 Million= 255 Million
________________________
= 95 Million= 95 Million
► ► British divide the territory into:British divide the territory into:
HINDU _________HINDU _________
ANDAND
MUSLIM _________________ (East and West)MUSLIM _________________ (East and West)
►►As people move to their new homes, violence As people move to their new homes, violence eruptserupts
One Slight Problem…One Slight Problem…►►As people move to their new homes, As people move to their new homes,
violence eruptsviolence erupts
► ► Hunger strike “unto death”…or until peaceHunger strike “unto death”…or until peace
resumes resumes
► ► January 30, 1948: January 30, 1948:
Gandhi is assassinatedGandhi is assassinated
by a disgruntled Hinduby a disgruntled Hindu
upset about the upset about the
partition of Indiapartition of India
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