Indian Independence Indian Independence and and

GandhiGandhi

DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCEDESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS:INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS:

Organized by nationalists in 1885 to gain Organized by nationalists in 1885 to gain greater rights for Indiansgreater rights for Indians

WORLD WAR I:WORLD WAR I: Indians were forced Indians were forced to fight for Britainto fight for Britain

Dedicated to the Dedicated to the

70,000 Indian 70,000 Indian

troops who died troops who died

during WWIduring WWI

DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCEDESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE

AMRITSAR MASSACRE:AMRITSAR MASSACRE: British troops British troops open-fired on peaceful Indian open-fired on peaceful Indian protestersprotesters

In 10 mins., In 10 mins.,

379 were killed379 were killed

& 1,100 were& 1,100 were

woundedwounded

What qualities should a leader for India What qualities should a leader for India possess? possess?

Why would these qualities prove important?Why would these qualities prove important?

GOOD LEADER FOR INDIAGOOD LEADER FOR INDIA

FOREIGN?FOREIGN?

RELIGIOUS?RELIGIOUS?

MAHATMA =MAHATMA =

Studied Law in Studied Law in EnglandEngland

Fought racial Fought racial prejudice in prejudice in South AfricaSouth Africa

PEACE & LOVE, DUDE!

GANDHI’S DOCTRINE (BELIEFS)GANDHI’S DOCTRINE (BELIEFS)

______________: nonviolence; reverence ______________: nonviolence; reverence for all lifefor all life

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE:CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: refusal to obey refusal to obey unjust lawsunjust laws

IF YOU BE DISRESPECTIN’…THEN

I’LL WHIP OUT A CAN OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE!

Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Western ThoughtWestern Thought

Followed Hindu religious Followed Hindu religious

practices (no meat) and practices (no meat) and

beliefs (Polytheistic)beliefs (Polytheistic)

Wore traditional HinduWore traditional Hindu

clothes: ________clothes: ________

STYLE AND COMFORT…BOOYAH!

Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Fusion of Hindu Traditions and Western ThoughtWestern Thought

_______________ & _______________:_______________ & _______________:

Fought for = rights for Fought for = rights for

untouchablesuntouchables

Fought for women’s rightsFought for women’s rights

HOW IS THIS HOW IS THIS PICTURE PICTURE

INACCURATE?INACCURATE?

MAKING CONNECTIONSMAKING CONNECTIONS

Although THOREAU referenced the Although THOREAU referenced the American government in his essay, how American government in his essay, how are his ideas related to the situation in are his ideas related to the situation in India in the 1800s and early 1900s?India in the 1800s and early 1900s?

1920s and 30s – Series of nonviolent actions 1920s and 30s – Series of nonviolent actions against British ruleagainst British rule(What is Gandhi’s nonviolent resistance called?)(What is Gandhi’s nonviolent resistance called?)

Boycott British goods and textilesBoycott British goods and textiles

Restore the practice of spinning and Restore the practice of spinning and weaving textilesweaving textiles

NATIONALIST PRIDENATIONALIST PRIDE

Restoring Pride in Spinning and Restoring Pride in Spinning and WeavingWeaving

“GET RID OF OUR HELPLESSNESS”

HOW COULD SPINNING AND WEAVING MAKE

INDIANS LESS HELPLESS?

WHY SALT?WHY SALT? Necessary for survivalNecessary for survival British claimed sole right to:British claimed sole right to:

Burdened ___________and Burdened ___________and

symbolized ________________symbolized ________________

THE SALT MARCH (1930)THE SALT MARCH (1930)

WHAT HAPPENED?WHAT HAPPENED? 240 mile march to the sea to collect their 240 mile march to the sea to collect their

own saltown salt

Thousands joined Thousands joined

in support and in support and

thousands were thousands were

arrestedarrested

The Salt March (1930)The Salt March (1930)

The Salt March (1930)The Salt March (1930)

RESULTSRESULTS British granted ______________________British granted ______________________

But NOT __________________________But NOT __________________________

Britain was greatlyBritain was greatly

criticized for this!criticized for this!

► ► Indians are forced to fightIndians are forced to fight

► ► Indian National Congress and Gandhi Indian National Congress and Gandhi

____________ ____________

The Cost of IndiaThe Cost of India India becomes too costly for the British to India becomes too costly for the British to

controlcontrol

____________ = (Christians, Buddhists, etc.)____________ = (Christians, Buddhists, etc.)

________________________

= 255 Million= 255 Million

________________________

= 95 Million= 95 Million

PROBLEMPROBLEM

INDEPENDENT INDIA CANNOT BE RULED BY ALL HINDUS!!!

► ► British divide the territory into:British divide the territory into:

HINDU _________HINDU _________

ANDAND

MUSLIM _________________ (East and West)MUSLIM _________________ (East and West)

►►As people move to their new homes, violence As people move to their new homes, violence eruptserupts

One Slight Problem…One Slight Problem…►►As people move to their new homes, As people move to their new homes,

violence eruptsviolence erupts

► ► Hunger strike “unto death”…or until peaceHunger strike “unto death”…or until peace

resumes resumes

► ► January 30, 1948: January 30, 1948:

Gandhi is assassinatedGandhi is assassinated

by a disgruntled Hinduby a disgruntled Hindu

upset about the upset about the

partition of Indiapartition of India