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Indicesof
deprivation2015
Contents
Introduction 3
Index of multiple deprivation 2015 4
Income domain 7
Employment domain 9
Education domain 11
Health domain 15
Crime domain 18
Barriers to housing and services domain 20
Living environment domain 24
Income deprivation affecting children index 29
Income deprivation affecting older people index 31
Comparison 2010 to 2015 33
Technical notes 37
The indices of deprivation 2015 is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England.
The indices of deprivation rank each lower super output area (LSOA) in England in order of deprivation.
These are then grouped into ten groups known as deciles.
LSOAs in decile 1 are the 10% most deprived LSOAs in the country.
LSOAs in decile 10 are the 10% least deprived in the country.The deprivation is measured using a number of domains, some domains are rated more highly than others so make up a higher share of the score.
The measure that combines all the indices of deprivation domains is the most commonly used measure of deprivation and is known as the index of multiple deprivation (IMD).
Introduction
The deprivation is measured using a number of domains, some domains are rated more highly than others so make up more of the score.
The domains that make up the index
Employment deprivation
Incomedeprivation
Living environment
Barriers to housing and services
Crime
Health deprivation and disability
Education, skills and training deprivation
22.5%
22.5%
13.5%
13.5%
9.3%
9.3%
9.3%
Measures the proportion of the population experiencing deprivation relating to low income. This includes both people that are out of work and those that are in work, but have low earnings
Measures the lack of attainment and skills in the local population. The indicator has two sub-domains: • children and young people• adult skills
Measures the risk of premature death and the impairment of quality of life through poor physical or mental health
Measures the risk of personal and material victimisation at local level
Measures the physical and financial accessibility of housing and local services. The indicator has two sub-domains:• geographical barriers • wider barriers.
Measures the quality of the local environment. The indicator has two sub-domains: • indoor living environment - the
quality of housing• outdoor living environment
measures of air quality and road traffic accidents
Measures the proportion of the working age population involuntarily excluded from the labour market. This includes people who would like to work but are unable to do so due to unemployment, sickness or disability or caring responsibilities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14
22
31
41
29
23
8
41
Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) 2015
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
Brent’s national rank
326
Brent has 173 LSOAs
Index of multiple deprivation 2015
Domains
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
19
23
29
33
41
18
7
2 1
Indicator Source
Adults and children in income support families Department of work and pensions (DWP) and HM revenues and customs
Adults and children in income-based jobseekers’ allowance families
Adults and children in income-based employment and support allowance families
Adults and children in pension credit (guaranteed) families
Adults and children in child tax and working tax credit families, below 60% median income not already counted HM revenues and customs
Asylum seekers in England in receipt of subsistence support, accommodation support, or both Home office
Income deprivation (22.5%)
Changes since 2010Modified indicator: People in receipt of child tax and working tax credit – includes all people who are below the income threshold.
MethodNumerator: The non-overlapping counts for each indicator were summedDenominator: Total population mid-2012 less the prison population
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Income deprivation (22.5%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8
19
13
33
27
30
22
119
1
Indicator Source
Claimants of job seekers allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men) Department for work and pensions
Claimants of employment and support allowance aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Claimants of incapacity benefit aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Claimants of severe disablement allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Claimants of carer’s allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Employment deprivation (22.5%)
MethodNumerator: The non-overlapping counts for each indicator for four time points, May, August, November and February, were averaged.Denominator: Total working age population (18 to 59 for women and 64 for men) minus the prison population mid-2012 and mid-2013 were averaged
Changes since 2010New indicator: claimants of carer’s allowanceRemoved indicators: new deal claimants
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Employment deprivation (22.5%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
Indicators Detail Source Indicator weight
Key stage 2 attainment: average points score
Numerator: total score of pupils taking English and maths in 2010/11 and 2011/12 and reading, writing and maths in 2012/13Denominator: total number of subjects taken by pupils for the same years as the numerator
Department for education from the National pupil database
0.210
Key stage 4 attainment: average points score
Numerator: total capped score of pupils taking key stage 4 in 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13Denominator: total number of pupils who took key stage 4 exams for the same year as the numerator
0.232
Secondary school absence
Proportion of authorised and unauthorised absences of pupils in state funded schoolsNumerator: number of half days missedDenominator: total possible number of half day sessions
0.224
Staying on in education post 16
Proportion of young people not staying on in school or non-advanced education above 16, based on receipt of child-benefitNumerator: number of people aged 17 receiving child benefit 2010 to 2012Denominator: number of people aged 15 receiving child benefit 2008 to 2010
HM Revenue and customs
0.130
Entry to higher education Number of people under 21 not entering higher educationNumerator: number of successful entrants under 21 to higher education for 2009 to 2012Denominator: population aged 14 to 17 for the four years 2009 to 2012 less the prison population
Higher education statistics agency
0.204
Changes since 2010Removed indicators: key stage 3 attainment indicator
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)Children and young people sub-domain
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6
16
26
20
41
22 21
17
4
Indicator Details Source
Adults with no or low qualifications, aged 25 to 59/64 (women/men)
Proportion of working age adults (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64) with no or low qualifications
2011 Census
English language proficiency, aged 25 to 59/64 (women/men)
Proportion of the working age population (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64) who cannot speak English well or at all
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)Adult sub-domain
Changes since 2010New indicator: English language proficiencyModified indicator: Adult skills indicator – the upper age band was changed from 54 to 59 for women and 64 for men.
Sub-domain methodNumerator: A non-overlapping count for the two indicators were determined by the ONS from 2011 Census data.Denominator: Number of working age adults (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64) from the 2011 Census
Domain methodThe two sub-domains were combined with equal weight
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)Subdomains maps
Children and young people (50%) Adult skills (50%)
These maps show the subdomains for education, skills and training deprivation. The combined domain map is on the next slide.
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
Indicator Detail Source Indicator weight
Years of potential life lost
Years of potential life lost, death before the age of 75Denominator: 2008 to 2012 mid-year population estimates minus the prison populationThe level of unexpected mortality weighted by the age of the person who has died – i.e. a younger person dying has a greater impactThe indicator was age and sex standardised.
ONS 0.244
Comparative illness and disability ratio
Indicator of work limiting conditions based on those receiving benefits due to inability to work through ill health.Numerator: 2013 disability living allowance, employment and support allowance, attendance allowance, disability premium of income support, incapacity benefit, sever disablement allowance recipients (can only receive one of these at a time)Denominator: 2013 mid-year population estimates minus the prison population.The indicator was age and sex standardised.
Department of work and pensions
0.287
Acute morbidity Level of emergency admissions to hospitalNumerator: Number of hospital spells that started with an emergency admission and lasted more than one calendar day, 2011/12 to 2012/13Denominator: 2011 and 2012 mid-year population estimates (minus the prison population)The indicator was age and sex standardised.
Health and social care information centre (HSCIC), from hospital episode statistics (HES)
0.254
Health deprivation and disability 1 (13.5%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2
10
15
21
3335 36
20
Indicator Detail Source Indicator weight
Mood and anxiety disorders
Modelled estimate based on four sources:• Prescribing data – number of patients for which particular drugs
were prescribed by GP practice• Hospital episode data – proportion of people suffering at least
one sever mental health inpatient spell during the years 2012 and 2013
• Suicide mortality data – Deaths between 2008 and 2012 with international classification of diseases 10 (ICD10) codes recognising death as suicide
• Health benefits data – Rate of long term disability or sickness in an area, including for mental health reasons, measured using receipt of benefits: incapacity benefit, severe disablement allowance, employment and support allowance where condition is coded for mental ill health.
Weight of indicators:
HSCIC - Prescribing dataHospital episode dataDepartment of work and pensions
0.216
Health deprivation and disability 2 (13.5%)
Prescribing data 0.224
Hospital episode data 0.419
Suicide mortality data 0.086
Health benefits data 0.270
Changes since 2010No changes made
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Health deprivation and disability (13.5%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
31
37
49
32
13
5 51
Indicator Detail Source Indicator weight
Recorded crime rates for:
• Violence
• Burglary
• Theft
• Criminal damage
Recorded crime data for 2013/14
Rate of violence per 1,000 at risk population
Rate of burglary per 1,000 at risk properties
Rate of theft per 1,000 at risk populationRate of criminal damage per 1,000 at risk population
Association of chief police officers and the home office 0.324
0.189
0.222
0.265
Crime (9.3%)
Changes since 2010No changes made
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Crime (9.3%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
Indicator Detail Source
Geographical barriers sub-domain
Road distance to:• Post office• Primary school• General store/
supermarket• GP surgery
A measure of the mean distance to the closest listed amenities, using postcode location for primary schools and GP surgeries and grid references for post offices and food shops.
Ordnance surveyDepartment for educationsOrdnance surveyHealth and social care information centre
Wider barriers sub-domain
Household overcrowding Proportion of all households classed as overcrowded using the occupation rating based on rooms
2011 Census
Homelessness Rate Numerator: number of acceptances for housing assistance under the homelessness provisions of housing legislation average of 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14Denominator: Local authority district count of households from the 2011 Census
Department for communities and local government
Housing affordability Modelled estimate based on house prices and rents where the head of the household is under 40.A measure of the inability to afford to enter owner occupation or the private rental market, where whether people can afford to rent in the market without assistance from housing benefit is assessed.
Family resources survey for household incomes and compositionRegulated mortgage surveyLand registry for house pricesValuation office agency for market rentsAnnual population surveyAnnual survey of hours and earnings
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)
Changes since 2010Modified indicators: Housing affordability – broadening the measure to include affordability of the private rental market and raising the head of household age looked at from 35 to 40
MethodIndicators were standardised by ranking and normalising and then combined using equal weights
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
86
63
17
7
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)Subdomains maps
Geographical barriers sub-domain (50%) Wider barriers sub-domain (50%)
These maps show the subdomains for barriers to housing and services. The combined domain map is on the next slide.
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
Living environment (9.3%)
Detail Source Indicator weight
Indoors sub-domain 0.666
Houses in poor condition
Modelled estimate of the proportion of social and private homes that fail to meet the decent homes standard
2011 English housing survey
Houses without central heating
Proportion of houses that do not have central heating in any room
2011 Census
Outdoors sub-domain 0.333
Air quality Estimate of the concentration of the four pollutants nitrogen dioxide, benzene, sulphur dioxide and particulates. The atmospheric concentration was compared to a national standard value for each pollutant form 2012 air quality data
UK air information resource
Road traffic accidents Numerator: number of reported accidents that involve death or personal injury to a pedestrian or cyclist averaged across three years, 2011 to 2013Denominator: non-resident workplace population and the average of the mid-year population estimates for 2011 to 2013Severity was weighted: 1 for slight; 2 for serious and 3 for fatal.
Department of transport
Living environment domain (9.3%)
Changes since 2010Modified indicators: Housing affordability – broadening the measure to include affordability of the private rental market and raising the head of household age looked at from 35 to 40
MethodIndicators for each of the sub-domains were standardised by ranking and normalising and then combined using equal weightsThe domain was created by summing the two sub-domains, weighted (indoor sub-domain 2/3 and the outdoor sub-domain 1/3).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
13
3432
41
32
17
4
Living environment domain (9.3%)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Living environment domain (9.3%)Subdomains maps
Indoor sub-domain (67%) Outdoor sub-domain (33%)
These maps show the subdomains for living environment domain. The combined domain map is on the next slide.
Living environment domain (9.3%)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
Income deprivation affecting children
and
Income deprivation affecting older people
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
21
36
19
31
36
15
11
31
Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34
49
42
24
13
8
3
Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Most deprived Least deprived
Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Series1
326
Brent’s national rank
Comparison:2010 to 2015
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2421
46 47
20
12
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14
22
31
41
29
23
84
1
Index of multiple deprivation
National rank: 24th National rank: 39th
2010 2015
Number of LSOAs in each decile
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
49
3943
24
116
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
21
36
19
31
36
1511
31
Income deprivation affecting children index
National rank: 9th National rank: 27th
2010 2015
Number of LSOAs in each decile
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
30
4952
26
11
3 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34
49
42
24
138
3
Income deprivation affecting older people index
National rank: 13th National rank: 14th
2010 2015
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Technical notes
Brent’s national rankDeprivation is measured at LSOA level. The LSOAs are then ranked nationally. Each local authority has its average rank calculated from the ranked LSOAs. These are then ranked. Brent’s national rank is the rank of average ranks.
Indicator weightInstead of combining everything equally, some indicators are given a greater emphasis so make up more of the domain. E.g. if there were four indicators, and they were distributed evenly, each indicator would make up 0.25 of the domain.
Lower super output areasIn 2010 Brent had 174 LSOAs. In 2011 there were a number of changes and Brent now has 173 LSOAs.
NumeratorThis is usually the total number of people in the category being measured. This number is then divided by the denominator to provide a rate, often expressed as a percentage.
DenominatorThis is the total number of people in the population. The population can change, for example, the total working age population is all women aged between 18 and 59 + all men aged between 18 and 64. This number is then used with the numerator to calculate a rate, often expressed as a percentage.
Useful linksEnglish indices of deprivation 2015 sitehttps://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015
Interactive map (internal only)http://vslgis02.brent.gov.uk/map/map.html?map=Maps/Deprivation
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