Indices of deprivation 2015. Contents IntroductionIntroduction 3 Index of multiple deprivation 2015Index of multiple deprivation 2015 4 Income domainIncome

Indicesof

deprivation2015

Contents

Introduction 3

Index of multiple deprivation 2015 4

Income domain 7

Employment domain 9

Education domain 11

Health domain 15

Crime domain 18

Barriers to housing and services domain 20

Living environment domain 24

Income deprivation affecting children index 29

Income deprivation affecting older people index 31

Comparison 2010 to 2015 33

Technical notes 37

The indices of deprivation 2015 is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England.

The indices of deprivation rank each lower super output area (LSOA) in England in order of deprivation.

These are then grouped into ten groups known as deciles.

LSOAs in decile 1 are the 10% most deprived LSOAs in the country.

LSOAs in decile 10 are the 10% least deprived in the country.The deprivation is measured using a number of domains, some domains are rated more highly than others so make up a higher share of the score.

The measure that combines all the indices of deprivation domains is the most commonly used measure of deprivation and is known as the index of multiple deprivation (IMD).

Introduction

The deprivation is measured using a number of domains, some domains are rated more highly than others so make up more of the score.

The domains that make up the index

Employment deprivation

Incomedeprivation

Living environment

Barriers to housing and services

Crime

Health deprivation and disability

Education, skills and training deprivation

22.5%

22.5%

13.5%

13.5%

9.3%

9.3%

9.3%

Measures the proportion of the population experiencing deprivation relating to low income. This includes both people that are out of work and those that are in work, but have low earnings

Measures the lack of attainment and skills in the local population. The indicator has two sub-domains: • children and young people• adult skills

Measures the risk of premature death and the impairment of quality of life through poor physical or mental health

Measures the risk of personal and material victimisation at local level

Measures the physical and financial accessibility of housing and local services. The indicator has two sub-domains:• geographical barriers • wider barriers.

Measures the quality of the local environment. The indicator has two sub-domains: • indoor living environment - the

quality of housing• outdoor living environment

measures of air quality and road traffic accidents

Measures the proportion of the working age population involuntarily excluded from the labour market. This includes people who would like to work but are unable to do so due to unemployment, sickness or disability or caring responsibilities

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

14

22

31

41

29

23

8

41

Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) 2015

Number of LSOAs in each decile

Most deprived Least deprived

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

Brent’s national rank

326

Brent has 173 LSOAs

Index of multiple deprivation 2015

Domains

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

19

23

29

33

41

18

7

2 1

Indicator Source

Adults and children in income support families Department of work and pensions (DWP) and HM revenues and customs

Adults and children in income-based jobseekers’ allowance families

Adults and children in income-based employment and support allowance families

Adults and children in pension credit (guaranteed) families

Adults and children in child tax and working tax credit families, below 60% median income not already counted HM revenues and customs

Asylum seekers in England in receipt of subsistence support, accommodation support, or both Home office

Income deprivation (22.5%)

Changes since 2010Modified indicator: People in receipt of child tax and working tax credit – includes all people who are below the income threshold.

MethodNumerator: The non-overlapping counts for each indicator were summedDenominator: Total population mid-2012 less the prison population



Income deprivation (22.5%)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8

19

13

33

27

30

22

119

1

Indicator Source

Claimants of job seekers allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men) Department for work and pensions

Claimants of employment and support allowance aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)

Claimants of incapacity benefit aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)

Claimants of severe disablement allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)

Claimants of carer’s allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)

Employment deprivation (22.5%)

MethodNumerator: The non-overlapping counts for each indicator for four time points, May, August, November and February, were averaged.Denominator: Total working age population (18 to 59 for women and 64 for men) minus the prison population mid-2012 and mid-2013 were averaged

Changes since 2010New indicator: claimants of carer’s allowanceRemoved indicators: new deal claimants



Employment deprivation (22.5%)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


Indicators Detail Source Indicator weight

Key stage 2 attainment: average points score

Numerator: total score of pupils taking English and maths in 2010/11 and 2011/12 and reading, writing and maths in 2012/13Denominator: total number of subjects taken by pupils for the same years as the numerator

Department for education from the National pupil database

0.210

Key stage 4 attainment: average points score

Numerator: total capped score of pupils taking key stage 4 in 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13Denominator: total number of pupils who took key stage 4 exams for the same year as the numerator

0.232

Secondary school absence

Proportion of authorised and unauthorised absences of pupils in state funded schoolsNumerator: number of half days missedDenominator: total possible number of half day sessions

0.224

Staying on in education post 16

Proportion of young people not staying on in school or non-advanced education above 16, based on receipt of child-benefitNumerator: number of people aged 17 receiving child benefit 2010 to 2012Denominator: number of people aged 15 receiving child benefit 2008 to 2010

HM Revenue and customs

0.130

Entry to higher education Number of people under 21 not entering higher educationNumerator: number of successful entrants under 21 to higher education for 2009 to 2012Denominator: population aged 14 to 17 for the four years 2009 to 2012 less the prison population

Higher education statistics agency

0.204

Changes since 2010Removed indicators: key stage 3 attainment indicator

Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)Children and young people sub-domain

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6

16

26

20

41

22 21

17

4

Indicator Details Source

Adults with no or low qualifications, aged 25 to 59/64 (women/men)

Proportion of working age adults (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64) with no or low qualifications

2011 Census

English language proficiency, aged 25 to 59/64 (women/men)

Proportion of the working age population (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64) who cannot speak English well or at all

Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)Adult sub-domain

Changes since 2010New indicator: English language proficiencyModified indicator: Adult skills indicator – the upper age band was changed from 54 to 59 for women and 64 for men.

Sub-domain methodNumerator: A non-overlapping count for the two indicators were determined by the ONS from 2011 Census data.Denominator: Number of working age adults (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64) from the 2011 Census

Domain methodThe two sub-domains were combined with equal weight



Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)Subdomains maps

Children and young people (50%) Adult skills (50%)

These maps show the subdomains for education, skills and training deprivation. The combined domain map is on the next slide.

Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


Indicator Detail Source Indicator weight

Years of potential life lost

Years of potential life lost, death before the age of 75Denominator: 2008 to 2012 mid-year population estimates minus the prison populationThe level of unexpected mortality weighted by the age of the person who has died – i.e. a younger person dying has a greater impactThe indicator was age and sex standardised.

ONS 0.244

Comparative illness and disability ratio

Indicator of work limiting conditions based on those receiving benefits due to inability to work through ill health.Numerator: 2013 disability living allowance, employment and support allowance, attendance allowance, disability premium of income support, incapacity benefit, sever disablement allowance recipients (can only receive one of these at a time)Denominator: 2013 mid-year population estimates minus the prison population.The indicator was age and sex standardised.

Department of work and pensions

0.287

Acute morbidity Level of emergency admissions to hospitalNumerator: Number of hospital spells that started with an emergency admission and lasted more than one calendar day, 2011/12 to 2012/13Denominator: 2011 and 2012 mid-year population estimates (minus the prison population)The indicator was age and sex standardised.

Health and social care information centre (HSCIC), from hospital episode statistics (HES)

0.254

Health deprivation and disability 1 (13.5%)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2

10

15

21

3335 36

20


Mood and anxiety disorders

Modelled estimate based on four sources:• Prescribing data – number of patients for which particular drugs

were prescribed by GP practice• Hospital episode data – proportion of people suffering at least

one sever mental health inpatient spell during the years 2012 and 2013

• Suicide mortality data – Deaths between 2008 and 2012 with international classification of diseases 10 (ICD10) codes recognising death as suicide

• Health benefits data – Rate of long term disability or sickness in an area, including for mental health reasons, measured using receipt of benefits: incapacity benefit, severe disablement allowance, employment and support allowance where condition is coded for mental ill health.

Weight of indicators:

HSCIC - Prescribing dataHospital episode dataDepartment of work and pensions

0.216

Health deprivation and disability 2 (13.5%)

Prescribing data 0.224

Hospital episode data 0.419

Suicide mortality data 0.086

Health benefits data 0.270

Changes since 2010No changes made



Health deprivation and disability (13.5%)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

31

37

49

32

13

5 51


Recorded crime rates for:

• Violence

• Burglary

• Theft

• Criminal damage

Recorded crime data for 2013/14

Rate of violence per 1,000 at risk population

Rate of burglary per 1,000 at risk properties

Rate of theft per 1,000 at risk populationRate of criminal damage per 1,000 at risk population

Association of chief police officers and the home office 0.324

0.189

0.222

0.265

Crime (9.3%)

Changes since 2010No changes made



Crime (9.3%)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


Indicator Detail Source

Geographical barriers sub-domain

Road distance to:• Post office• Primary school• General store/

supermarket• GP surgery

A measure of the mean distance to the closest listed amenities, using postcode location for primary schools and GP surgeries and grid references for post offices and food shops.

Ordnance surveyDepartment for educationsOrdnance surveyHealth and social care information centre

Wider barriers sub-domain

Household overcrowding Proportion of all households classed as overcrowded using the occupation rating based on rooms

2011 Census

Homelessness Rate Numerator: number of acceptances for housing assistance under the homelessness provisions of housing legislation average of 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14Denominator: Local authority district count of households from the 2011 Census

Department for communities and local government

Housing affordability Modelled estimate based on house prices and rents where the head of the household is under 40.A measure of the inability to afford to enter owner occupation or the private rental market, where whether people can afford to rent in the market without assistance from housing benefit is assessed.

Family resources survey for household incomes and compositionRegulated mortgage surveyLand registry for house pricesValuation office agency for market rentsAnnual population surveyAnnual survey of hours and earnings

Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)

Changes since 2010Modified indicators: Housing affordability – broadening the measure to include affordability of the private rental market and raising the head of household age looked at from 35 to 40

MethodIndicators were standardised by ranking and normalising and then combined using equal weights

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

86

63

17

7




Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)Subdomains maps

Geographical barriers sub-domain (50%) Wider barriers sub-domain (50%)

These maps show the subdomains for barriers to housing and services. The combined domain map is on the next slide.


0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


Living environment (9.3%)

Detail Source Indicator weight

Indoors sub-domain 0.666

Houses in poor condition

Modelled estimate of the proportion of social and private homes that fail to meet the decent homes standard

2011 English housing survey

Houses without central heating

Proportion of houses that do not have central heating in any room

2011 Census

Outdoors sub-domain 0.333

Air quality Estimate of the concentration of the four pollutants nitrogen dioxide, benzene, sulphur dioxide and particulates. The atmospheric concentration was compared to a national standard value for each pollutant form 2012 air quality data

UK air information resource

Road traffic accidents Numerator: number of reported accidents that involve death or personal injury to a pedestrian or cyclist averaged across three years, 2011 to 2013Denominator: non-resident workplace population and the average of the mid-year population estimates for 2011 to 2013Severity was weighted: 1 for slight; 2 for serious and 3 for fatal.

Department of transport

Living environment domain (9.3%)

Changes since 2010Modified indicators: Housing affordability – broadening the measure to include affordability of the private rental market and raising the head of household age looked at from 35 to 40

MethodIndicators for each of the sub-domains were standardised by ranking and normalising and then combined using equal weightsThe domain was created by summing the two sub-domains, weighted (indoor sub-domain 2/3 and the outdoor sub-domain 1/3).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

13

3432

41

32

17

4




Living environment domain (9.3%)Subdomains maps

Indoor sub-domain (67%) Outdoor sub-domain (33%)

These maps show the subdomains for living environment domain. The combined domain map is on the next slide.


0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


Income deprivation affecting children

and

Income deprivation affecting older people

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

21

36

19

31

36

15

11

31

Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI)



Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

34

49

42

24

13

8

3

Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI)



Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Series1

326


Comparison:2010 to 2015

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2421

46 47

20

12

4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

14

22

31

41

29

23

84

1

Index of multiple deprivation

National rank: 24th National rank: 39th

2010 2015


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

49

3943

24

116

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

21

36

19

31

36

1511

31

Income deprivation affecting children index


2010 2015


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

30

4952

26

11

3 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

34

49

42

24

138

3

Income deprivation affecting older people index


2010 2015


Technical notes

Brent’s national rankDeprivation is measured at LSOA level. The LSOAs are then ranked nationally. Each local authority has its average rank calculated from the ranked LSOAs. These are then ranked. Brent’s national rank is the rank of average ranks.

Indicator weightInstead of combining everything equally, some indicators are given a greater emphasis so make up more of the domain. E.g. if there were four indicators, and they were distributed evenly, each indicator would make up 0.25 of the domain.

Lower super output areasIn 2010 Brent had 174 LSOAs. In 2011 there were a number of changes and Brent now has 173 LSOAs.

NumeratorThis is usually the total number of people in the category being measured. This number is then divided by the denominator to provide a rate, often expressed as a percentage.

DenominatorThis is the total number of people in the population. The population can change, for example, the total working age population is all women aged between 18 and 59 + all men aged between 18 and 64. This number is then used with the numerator to calculate a rate, often expressed as a percentage.

Useful linksEnglish indices of deprivation 2015 sitehttps://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015

Interactive map (internal only)http://vslgis02.brent.gov.uk/map/map.html?map=Maps/Deprivation

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015

http://vslgis02.brent.gov.uk/map/map.html?map=Maps/Deprivation

Documents

Indices of deprivation 2015. Contents IntroductionIntroduction 3 Index of multiple deprivation 2015Index of multiple deprivation 2015 4 Income domainIncome