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Information Artifact Ontology and Aboutness. Barry Smith. Shimon Edelman’s Riddle of Representation. two humans, a monkey, and a robot are looking at a piece of cheese; what is common to the representational processes in their visual systems? . Answer: . The cheese, of course. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1
Barry Smith
Information Artifact Ontology and Aboutness
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Shimon Edelman’s Riddle of Representation
two humans, a monkey, and a robotare looking at a piece of cheese;
what is common to the representational processes in their visual systems?
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Answer:
The cheese, of course
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The real cheese
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the arrow of intentionality
± simple
mental process content (putative) target
presenting actcontent of presentation
“apple”object of presentation
judging act
judgment-content
“the apple over there is ripe”
state of affairsfact
evaluating actemotional act
appraisal…
“it is good that the apple over there is ripe”
?
mental process content target
you see an apple “apple” an apple
• you are in physical contact with target ― cf. Russell’s knowledge by acquaintance; J. J. Gibson’s ecological theory of perception
± relational intentionality
mental process content (putative) target
presenting actsensory content object of presentation
object exists
object does not exist
objectpresent
objectabsent
± perceptually filled
ordinary perception
mental process content (putative) target
presenting actsensory content object of presentation
object exists
object does not exist
objectpresent
objectabsent
perceptually filled does not imply veridical
hallucination
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple” + sensation originating causally at
target
object of presentation
object exists
object does not exist
objectpresent
objectabsent
the evolutionarily most basic case
ordinary perception
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple” + sensation originating causally at
target
object of presentation
object exists
object does not exist
objectpresent
objectabsent
relational implies veridical
ordinary perception
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”object of presentation
object exists
object does not exist
objectpresent
objectabsent
veridical does not imply relational
veridical thinking about
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”
object of presentation
object existsobject present
objectabsent
± content match
content match
“apple”
content match
“food”
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”
object of presentation
object existsobject present
objectabsent
veridical does not imply content match
content mismatch
“poison”
content mismatch
“apple”
content here not just a matter of language
still posson
mental process content target
you see an apple “apple” an apple
± linguistically mediated
A cat can see a kingA cat can see a mass spectrometer
mental process content there is no target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”underlying false belief
non-veridical intentionality is an untidy collection of non-canonical cases
the presenting act is dependent on an underlying belief or attitude of one or other deviant types
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”object
presentobjectabsent
non-veridical intentionality type 1. ontological error
hallucination, deception, …the presenting act is dependent on a false underlying belief
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”object
presentobjectabsent
non-veridical intentionality type 2. fiction
thinking-about-Macbeth = the presenting act is not dependent on an underlying false belief
“The Substitution Theory of Art”, Grazer Philosophische Studien, 25/26 (1986)
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the primacy of language (Sellars …)mental experiences are about objects because words have
meaning
word / meaning
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the primacy of the intentional (Brentano, Husserl, …): linguistic expressions have meanings because there are (‘animating’) mental
experiences which have aboutness
dimension of content / belief prior to dimension of language
language comes later than mental aboutness
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How annotate this
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or this?
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or this?
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Mental Functioning Ontology (Draft)
Mental Functioning Ontology (Draft)
with thanks to Janna Hastings and Kevin Mulligan Swiss Center for Affective Sciences)
Basic Formal Ontology
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BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant
BFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
BFO:Disposition
Basic Formal Ontology and Mental Functioning Ontology (MFO)
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BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:Process
Organism
BFO:Independent Continuant
BFOMFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
Behaviour inducing state
Mental Functioning Related Anatomical
Structure
Cognitive Representation
BFO:Quality
Affective Representation
Mental Process
Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition
Functions vs. FunctioningsContinuants vs. Occurrents
3535
BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:Process
Organism
BFO:Independent Continuant
BFOMFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
Mental Function
Cognitive Representation
BFO:QualityMental Process
Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition
Mental Functioning
Aboutness (‘Intentionality’)
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BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:Process
Organism
BFO:Independent Continuant
BFOMFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
Mental Function
Cognitive Representation
BFO:QualityMental Process
Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition
Mental Functioning
does all mental functioning involve cognitive representation (aboutness)?
what is aboutness?
Extending the MFO• to linguistic competence and performance
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Linguistic Functioning Ontology (1. Speech and hearing)
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BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant
BFOMFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
Behaviour inducing state
Cognitive Representation
BFO:Quality
Speech-mediated cognitive
representation
Speech process
Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition
Linguistic competence
Speech competence of a population
= a [spoken] languageSpeech competence of
an individual
Hearing (registering)
process
Linguistic Functioning Ontology (2. Reading and writing)
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BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant
BFOMFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
Behaviour inducing state
Cognitive Representation
BFO:Quality
Written-language-mediated cognitive
representation
Writing process
Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition
Linguistic competence
Written linguistic competence of a
population = a [written] language
Written linguistic competence of an
individual
Reading (registering)
process
Linguistic Functioning Ontology (the whole thing)
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40
BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant
BFOMFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
Behaviour inducing state
Cognitive Representation
BFO:Quality
Language-mediated cognitive
representation
Writing
Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition
Linguistic competence
Linguistic competence of a population
= a language Linguistic competence of an individual
Reading
Speaking
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”object
presentobjectabsent
non-veridical intentionality type 3. planning
Christmas present lists
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”object
presentobjectabsent
non-veridical intentionality type 4. daydreaming
Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)
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braininendocrine
gland
Aboutness
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brain retina
ENVI
RON
MEN
T
mental act about a real-world object
non-relational(~ linguistic)
relational(~ perception)
content match
content mismatch
content match
content mismatch
veridical non-veridical46
mental process content (putative) target
presenting act content of presentation
“apple”object of presentation
object exists
object does not exist
targetpresent
targetabsent
Veridical intentionality
ordinary perceptionevolutionarily most basic case
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BFO:Entity
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant
BFOMFO
BFO:Dependent Continuant
Behaviour inducing state
Cognitive Representation
BFO:Quality
Language-mediated cognitive
representation
Writing
Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition
Linguistic competence
Linguistic competence of a population
= a language Linguistic competence of an individual
Reading
Speaking
what is a language? something analogous to a biological
species (a population of competences)
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