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INNOVATION STUDIES & - POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURY Impacts from trends in economy and society. Prof. dr. ir. Ruud E. Smits. CENTRAL THEME. Consequences and challenges of major trends in economy and society for innovation research and -policy. S&T, ECONOMY & SOCIETY Inseparable. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INNOVATION STUDIES & -POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURY
Impacts from trends in economy and society
Prof. dr. ir. Ruud E. Smits
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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CENTRAL THEME
Consequences and challenges of major trends in economy and
society for innovation research and -policy
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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S&T, ECONOMY & SOCIETYInseparable
• Innovation Systems• Seamless web• Social Construction Of Technology • Co-evolution • Mode 1 Mode 2 • Technological culture
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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AN EXAMPLE OF A TECHNOLOGICAL CULTURE
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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OUTLINE
• What and why?• Four Major Trends3 Consequences for
Policy & Research4 To wind up
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INNOVATION: WHAT & WHY?
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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WHAT?Inventions and innovations
An innovation is a succesful application of an invention
Innovation processes are complex processes of change
characterised by co-evolution of scientific, technological, societal
and economic systems
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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WHY?To innovate is difficult
• Nuclear energy • Intelligence in the ‘net’ or in the PC?• Innovation in SME’s• Computers in the schools• Genetically modified food• Failing new high tech firms • Automation catastrophes
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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4 MAJOR TRENDS
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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1. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN OUR ECONOMY
• Shift from agriculture industry (knowledge intensive) services
• Advent of Cultural Industry• Revolution in agriculture: from mass
production to specialties• Increase knowledge intensive goods
and services
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INCREASE KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE GOODS AND SERVICES
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES
• Dynamics innovation in services• Role knowledge intensive (business) services
in innovation• Role IT in the New (?) Economy• Knowledge infrastructure: agriculture,
services, IT• How to quantify/measure not only input, but
also (intangible aspects of) throughput and output of innovation processes?
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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2. THE AGE OF THE LIFE SCIENCES
• 21st century belongs to biotechnology:– revolutionary changes in health-care system– many new technology based firms (NASDAQ)
• Changes in innovation processes:– public-private markets– risky product-development– many important ethical issues
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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THE AGE OF OF THE LIFE SCIENCES
Many ethical issues:
• (human) Cloning• Bio-patenting of human material• Xeno-transplantation• Genetic screening & privacy• Preserving biodiversity• Research with human embryos
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES
• Dynamics innovation in life sciences• Innovating in public-private markets• How to handle ethical issues?
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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3. ADVENT OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY
• End of ‘top down’ steering• From discrete loosely coupled to fuzzy
strongly coupled systems• Optimizing systems in stead of parts• Growing importance of:
. Strategic alliances
. Flexibility
. Interface between organisations and systems
• IT and sustainable development: driving forces and facilitators
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES
• How to innovate in chains, clusters and networks?
• How to handle competition versus co-operation?
• How to mobilise the creative potential of users?
• New role of government: concept & instruments
• Role of intermediaries
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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4. CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• From supply- to demand driven• 2nd order Knowledge Infrastructure:
knowledge intensive business services• Distributed Knowledge Base:
. Types of knowledge
. Sources of knowledge
. Users of knowledge
. Transfer of knowledge• From Mode 1 Mode 2
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES
• New institutions, relations, missions in research system
• Role of multidisciplinary research in monodisciplinary research systems
• Quality control in a non-academic setting• Role intermediaries, KIBS, 2nd order KIS• Instruments to effectively involve users• Status of researchers• New, broader set of indicators
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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MAJOR TRENDSTo wind up
• Structural changes in the economy:– services– new sectors– knowledge intensive products and services
• 21st century: life sciences• Advent of network society/economy• Changing knowledge infrastructures
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICY AND -
RESEARCH
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIES
Further development integral innovation policySTARTING POINTS:• Taking whole innovation system into account• Network character, important role
intermediaries• Interaction with users, learning, awareness,
mobilising creative potential users• Distributed nature knowledge base• Multi-layered structure: international, national,
regional, local
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIES
Further development integral innovation policyACTIONS:• Redesign roles and relations of actors and layers:
. Government partner
. Users & KIS interaction (intermediaries?)
. Politics stimulating debate• Improving strategic intelligence: technology
assessment, foresight, clusters, indicators• Re-design KIS: consequences mode1 mode 2• New instruments: participative and communicative
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INNOVATION RESEARCHCases
• Innovation in services• Innovation in life sciences• IT and sustainability• IT and the (New?) Economy
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INNOVATION RESEARCHTheory
• Two main streams:. Processes (SCOT, evolutionary,...). Systems (Hughes, David, Freeman, Lundvall,..)
• Two problems:. Seperated. Description in terms of entities in stead of
systems
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INNOVATION RESEARCHTheory
• Role of intermediaries in innovation processes
• Innovation in chains, clusters, networks and systems
• Development of indicators (throughput, output, intangibles)
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INNOVATION RESEARCHAnalysis and support of decision-
making• Content:
. Insight in potential & assesment & implementation. Technology assessment, technology foresight, clusterstudies, indicators
• Process:. Support actors in innovation processes in networks. Scenario’s, gaming, group decision support systems, strategic workshops
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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TO WIND UP
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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TO WIND UP• Innovation is the work of man, but....
• ....making science and technology work is by no means easy, and.....
• ....very dependent on:. the further development of integral innovation policies . deeper insight in relation between processes and systems. adequate indicators and strategic intelligence
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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MEDIATOR BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL ARTEFACTS
AND USERS
Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era
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INNOVATIONTo wind up
• Science and technology are the work of man, and by this policy makes sense
• Influencing S&T in the direction we want is not easy
• Succesful innovation is far more than pure S&T
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FROM MODE 1 MODE 2
MODE 1• Academic context• Disciplinary• Homogeneous• Hierarchical & stable• Academic quality
control• Accountable for
academic world
MODE 2• Application oriented• Transdisciplinary• Heterogeneous• Heterarchical and
variable• Broader quality control• Accountable for society
as a whole
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