Integrating Engineering Activities into Elementary Science Bob Claymier STEM is Elementary

Integrating Engineering Activities

into Elementary Science

Bob Claymier

STEM is Elementary

www.stemiselementary.com

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Goals of the Workshop

• Why is STEM literacy important in the elementary grades?

• How is the engineering design process used to teach a STEM lesson?

• How do the engineering and scientific processes work together in designing a solution to a problem?

• What resources are available for elementary STEM?

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What is Technological Literacy?

The use, management, understanding

and assessment of technological

products and processes.

What should a technologically literate person know and be able to do?

Make well-informed choices in her role as a consumer

Understand technological issues In order to

make educated political decisions

What should a technologically literate person know and be able to do?

Understand technology’s impact on the environment, the economy, society and her personal life

Understand and use the design process as a

problem solving tool

What should a technologically literate person know and be able to do?

Understand that science and technology are the foundation of our economic strength.

Be more comfortable with and better prepared for new technologies that her job will demand

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Produce results

What 21st Century Skills could be taught by STEM?

Work creatively with othersThink creatively

Implement innovation

Make judgments and decisions

Solve problems

Adapt to change

Be flexibleBe independent and self-directed

Work effectively with others

Manage projects

Through STEM Literacy, Students:

Become risk-takers, see something that didn’t work as an as opportunity

More easily grasp abstract concepts and processes

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Through STEM Literacy, Students:

Take pride and ownership in their own self-learning

Can apply a variety of learning styles

Transfer learning to several subjects and contexts

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Become critical, divergent thinkers

Learn by questioning and “constructing” their own knowledge

Find school work engaging and meaningful

Through STEM Literacy, Students:

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By Teaching through STEM Integration, Teachers:

Become facilitators, not centers of learning

Use formative and summative assessments

Use questioning techniques to assess

and guide student progress

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Develop technical reading, writing, and communication in students

By Teaching through STEM Integration, Teachers:

Can integrate STEM into many subjects and themes

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Can meet varying student learning styles

Can make learning meaningful and engaging

By Teaching through STEM Integration, Teachers:

Can encourage new “stars” in the classroom

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What is a STEM lesson?

• Problem Solving

• Construction

• Integration

• Engineering Design Process

• Redesign

• Authentic Learning

Paper Engineering: Linkages

= fixed point

= movable point

INPUT

OUTPUT

Paper Engineering: Linkages

= fixed point

= movable point

INPUT

OUTPUT

Other Linkages

= fixed point

= movable point

INPUT

INPUT

INPUT

INPUT

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

NGSS and Ohio Science Standards

NGSS

3-LS4-2 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity

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Use evidence to construct an explanation for how the variations in characteristics among individuals of the same species may provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing

NGSS and Ohio Science Standards

Ohio Academic Standards for Science

K: Physical and Behavioral Traits of Living Things

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K: Living things have physical traits and behaviors, which influence their survival.

Designing a STEM Lesson:Paper Engineered Animals

Paper Engineered AnimalsDesign Brief

Challenge:

Create a paper model animal with at least one

moving body part and explain how that body part

helps the animal survive

Paper Engineered AnimalsDesign Brief

Criteria

• Design must have at least one moving body part

• Body part must be used by the animal to help it survive

Constraints

• Model must be no larger than 12” x 12”

• Model must be made of only provided materials

Materials:

• Cardstock

• Brad paper fasteners

• Hole punch

• Scissors

• Drawing materials (pencils, crayons)

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Paper Engineered AnimalsDesign Brief

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What is the Engineering Design Process?

Engineering is Elementary

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Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson

1. Ask - Students identify the problem by:

– restating the problem

– Identifying criteria (requirements) and constraints (limits) for the project

– Identify intended audience or client and method of presentation

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Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson

2. Imagine - Students investigate the problem by:

- Asking questions – What structures do animals have and use?– How can I model that structure?

- Doing research- How have others solved the problem?

Other Linkages

= fixed point

= movable point

INPUT

INPUT

INPUT

INPUT

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

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Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson

3. Plan - Students begin solving the problem by:

– Choosing a final solution

– Sketching the design – Gathering materials

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Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson

4. Create - Students build and test a solution by:

– Checking the design against the criteria

and constraints

– Testing the design

– Observing and collecting data on the design

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Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson

5. Improve - Students present and modify

the solution by:

– Presenting the solution to their audience

– Receiving feedback on the design

– Modifying the design based on the feedback

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Paper Engineering:Other Curriculum Connections

Language Arts:

• Following directions

• Journal writing

• Illustrating a story

Physical Education/Health

• How body joints works

• Levers in sports equipment

Social Studies

• Structures

• Inventions

Paper Engineering: Science Concepts

• Force and motion- change of direction

• Properties of materials

• Input and output

• Animal structure and habitats; cell structure

• Illustrate natural cycles and changes

• Earth and Space (seasons, planets, weather, water,

landforms)

• Life cycles

• Chemical and physical changes

Paper Engineering:Math, Technology, and

Engineering Skills and Concepts

Technology

• Meeting a want or need

Engineering

• Applying math and science

to solve a problem

•Using the engineering

design process

Math

• Measurement

• Symmetry

• Geometric concepts

• Mechanical advantage

Science and Engineering

Scientists use tools to learn about

the natural environment

Engineers use scientific discoveries and knowledge to create new designs and solve problems

Engineering Design Process

Scientific Inquiry

Tangient LLC

38 Science and Technology

Scientific Inquiry vs. Engineering Design

Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry Engineering DesignEngineering DesignState a question or problem about State a question or problem about the natural worldthe natural world

Define a problem or need to be Define a problem or need to be solved in the human-made worldsolved in the human-made world

Gather informationGather information Gather informationGather information

Formulate hypothesis, identify Formulate hypothesis, identify variablesvariables

Establish design criteriaEstablish design criteria

Design experiment, establish Design experiment, establish proceduresprocedures

Prepare preliminary designsPrepare preliminary designs

Test hypothesis multiple timesTest hypothesis multiple times Build and test a prototypeBuild and test a prototype

Analyze results, draw conclusionsAnalyze results, draw conclusions Analyze results, verify, redesign Analyze results, verify, redesign and retestand retest

Present resultsPresent results Present resultsPresent results

Science and Engineering

Science and technology

affect society and the environment

People make decisions that guide science and engineering

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Scientific Inquiry and theEngineering Design Process

David Haury

Learning Science Through Design

Bernie Zubrowski

Integrating Science into Design Technology Projects: Using a Standard Model in the Design Process

Elementary STEM Resources

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Elementary STEM Resources

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Elementary STEM Resources

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www.tecchome.org

Elementary STEM Resources

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www.eie.org

Elementary STEM Resources

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Elementary STEM Resources

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Elementary STEM Resources

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Elementary STEM Resources

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Elementary STEM Resources

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www.kevaplanks.com

Elementary STEM Resources

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www.littlebits.cc

Elementary STEM Resources

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http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk/

https://nsdl.oercommons.org/

References

Engineering is Elementary, Museum of Science,

Boston, The Difference Between Science and

Engineering.

http://eie.org/eie-curriculum/resources/difference

-between-science-and-engineering

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References

Haury, David. Learning Science Through

Design. ERIC Digest, Clearinghouse for

Science, Mathematics, and Environmental

Education, October 2002

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References

Zubrowski, Bernard. Integrating Science into

Design Technology Projects: Using a

Standard Model in the Design Process.

Journal of Technology Education,

Vol. 13 No. 2, Spring 2002

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Goals of the Workshop

• Why is STEM literacy important in the elementary grades?

• How is the engineering design process used to teach a STEM lesson?

• How do the engineering and scientific processes work together in designing a solution to a problem?

• What resources are available for elementary STEM?

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Bob Claymier

www.stemiselementary.com