Intelligent Structures

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Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed ElgamalProfessor, Department of Structural Engineering

University of California, San Diego

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Earthquake Damage

Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

(From Uang, Elgamal, Li, and Chou, UCSD, SE Dept, report No. SSRP-99/17

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1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

(From Uang, Elgamal, Li, and Chou, UCSD, SE Dept, report No. SSRP-99/17

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(From Uang, Elgamal, Li, and Chou, UCSD, SE Dept, report No. SSRP-99/17

1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

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Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

(From Uang, Elgamal, Li, and Chou, UCSD, SE Dept, report No. SSRP-99/17

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1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

(From Uang, Elgamal, Li, and Chou, UCSD, SE Dept, report No. SSRP-99/17

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1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

(From Uang, Elgamal, Li, and Chou, UCSD, SE Dept, report No. SSRP-99/17

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From: http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-

construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/

Concept of Ductility in Earthquake Resistant Design

http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/
http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/

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Research on Composite Wraps and Steel Jackets to increase column ductility

(Testing conducted at Univ. of California, San Diego, Structural Engineering Powell Labs)

Concept of Ductility in Earthquake Resistant Design

(Reseach by Priestley, Seible, and Hegemier)

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Steel connections research aimed at allowing

stress concentrations to occur at locations of 

higher ductility (UC San Diego, Dept of Structural

Eng, Prof. C-M Uang).

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Active Control

Active Tuned Mass Dampers

Active Tuned Liquid Dampers

MR Dampers

Active Stiffness System

Shape Memory Alloys

Interacting Buildings

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http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu/ad/ee/Lectures/Earthquake%20Engineering/5%20New%2

0Trends%20in%20Earthquake%20Engineering.pdf 

CHAPTER 5

New Trends in

EarthquakeEngineering.

Passive and

Active Control

(Prof.dr.ing.

Fideliu Păuleţ-

Crăiniceanu)

http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu/ad/ee/Lectures/Earthquake%20Engineering/5%20New%20Trends%20in%20Earthquake%20Engineering.pdf
http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu/ad/ee/Lectures/Earthquake%20Engineering/5%20New%20Trends%20in%20Earthquake%20Engineering.pdf
http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu/ad/ee/Lectures/Earthquake%20Engineering/5%20New%20Trends%20in%20Earthquake%20Engineering.pdf
http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu/ad/ee/Lectures/Earthquake%20Engineering/5%20New%20Trends%20in%20Earthquake%20Engineering.pdf

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Tuned Mass Dampers

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 AMD = Active Mass Damper 

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From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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Active control with TMD

Fig. 7: Schematic of Active Masss Damper (AMD) applied to building(TMD = Tuned Mass Damper)

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 AMD=Active Mass Damper 

http //commons ikimedia org/ iki/File Taip

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png

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Taipei 101, Taiwan

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taip

ei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png

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Active control with Active TMD

 Active Mass Damoer (AMD) on

Kyobashi Seiwa building

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 AMD = Active Mass Damper 

From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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HMD = Hybrid Mass Damper, TMD = Tuned Mass Damper, AMD = Active Mass Damper 

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TAD = Tuned Active Damper 

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TLD = Tuned Liquid Damper 

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TSD = Tuned Sloshing Damper 

Tuned Liquid Column Damper with Period Adjustment

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Tuned Liquid Column Damper with Period Adjustment

Impact Dampers

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HCD = Hanging Chain Damper 

Impact Dampers

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MR Fluid Dampers

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Sh M All (SMA)

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Shape Memory Alloys (SMA)

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Interacting Buildings

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 Active Variable Stiffness

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 Active Control with Tendons

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Personal Safety Pod

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Personal Safety Pod

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Base Isolation (BI)

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Base Isolation (BI)

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From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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81

Connecting Steel Plate

Rubber 

Internal Steel Plate

Lead Plugs

Lead Plug (provides increased damping)

Rubber 

Cover 

Steel Plate

Lead Rubber Bearings

Prepared from Dr. Gianmario Benzoni’s SE207 Base Isolation Course Notes at UC San Diego

Steel plates distribute shear forces to the lead core.

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From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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Coronado Bridge (San Diego, CA)

Seismic Retrofit of the Coronado Bay Bridge

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 Lead Rubber Bearings (Base Isolation system), San Diego, CA

Schematic of Seismic Response Modification Deviced(SRMD) Test System

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(S ) est Syste

(University of California, San Diego)

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UC San Diego SRMD Base Isolator Experiment (Benzoni, Seible)

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Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation

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Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation

From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation (32 LDRBs and LBRs)

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From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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LDRB = Low Damping Rubber Bearing

From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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NB = Neoprene Bearing (GAPEC System, French kind of a RB

From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni

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Friction Pendulum (Sliding System)

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110

 Articulated

Slider 

Self Lubricating

Liner 

Cover Housing Plate

Concave

Plate

Windlock

 AssemblyStainless Steel OverlayPrepared from Dr. Gianmario Benzoni’s SE207 Base Isolation Course Notes at UC San Diego

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Friction Pendulum Base Isolator at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory

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Friction Pendulum Base Isolator at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory

SRMD Testing Facility (Benzoni, Seible)

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System Integration to prevent un-seating

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Rocking of Foudnations

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JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING © ASCE / JUNE 2004 / 895

Rocking of Foundations

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http://web.mit.edu/istgroup/ist/documents/earthquake/Part5.pdf 

Energy Dissipation Devices

http://web.mit.edu/istgroup/ist/documents/earthquake/Part5.pdf
http://web.mit.edu/istgroup/ist/documents/earthquake/Part5.pdf

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Energy Dissipation Devices

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Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs)

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http://jiano.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/brb_02.jpg

Viscous Dampers

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http://jiano.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/brb_02.jpg
http://jiano.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/brb_02.jpg
http://jiano.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/brb_02.jpg

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Sacrificial Energy Dissipation Elements

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Sacrificial Shear Key

New San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge

Research at UC San Diego to test Sacrificial Shear Key (Uang, Seible)

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Research at UC San Diego (Uang, Seible)

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Full-scale testing of links at the Powell

Structural Research Laboratory.

Research at UC San Diego (Uang, Seible)

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Research at UC San Diego (Uang, Seible)

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Research at UC San Diego (Uang, Seible)

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Research at UC San Diego (Uang, Seible)

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g ( g )

Research at UC San Diego (Uang, Seible)

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Powell Structural Systems

Large Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory

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Laboratory

Seismic Repair and Retrofit of BuildingsLarge Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory

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TCCMAR Building Test 1st Story Damage

500 Instruments15 km (50,000 ft) of cables

Large Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Englekirk Center 

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Shake-Table Large Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Englekirk Center Elgamal, Uang. Luco, Conte)

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/FF01_2_22_10_250NRdg.mov%20-%20Shortcut.lnk
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