Intelligent Structures

7/27/2019 Intelligent Structures

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Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed ElgamalProfessor, Department of Structural Engineering

University of California, San Diego



Earthquake Damage

Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

(From Uang, Elgamal, Li, and Chou, UCSD, SE Dept, report No. SSRP-99/17



1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake








Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake














From: http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-

construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/

Concept of Ductility in Earthquake Resistant Design

http://articles.architectjaved.com/earthquake_resistant_structures/building-construction-materials-for-earthquake-resistance/















Research on Composite Wraps and Steel Jackets to increase column ductility

(Testing conducted at Univ. of California, San Diego, Structural Engineering Powell Labs)

Concept of Ductility in Earthquake Resistant Design

(Reseach by Priestley, Seible, and Hegemier)



Steel connections research aimed at allowing

stress concentrations to occur at locations of

higher ductility (UC San Diego, Dept of Structural

Eng, Prof. C-M Uang).



Active Control

Active Tuned Mass Dampers

Active Tuned Liquid Dampers

MR Dampers

Active Stiffness System

Shape Memory Alloys

Interacting Buildings



http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu/ad/ee/Lectures/Earthquake%20Engineering/5%20New%2

0Trends%20in%20Earthquake%20Engineering.pdf

CHAPTER 5

New Trends in

EarthquakeEngineering.

Passive and

Active Control

(Prof.dr.ing.

Fideliu Păuleţ-

Crăiniceanu)

http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu/ad/ee/Lectures/Earthquake%20Engineering/5%20New%20Trends%20in%20Earthquake%20Engineering.pdf






Tuned Mass Dampers



AMD = Active Mass Damper


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/intelligent-structures 16/140TMD



From Publication by Alessandro Martelli and Massimo Forni



Active control with TMD

Fig. 7: Schematic of Active Masss Damper (AMD) applied to building(TMD = Tuned Mass Damper)



AMD=Active Mass Damper

http //commons ikimedia org/ iki/File Taip

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png




Taipei 101, Taiwan

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taip

ei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png







Active control with Active TMD

Active Mass Damoer (AMD) on

Kyobashi Seiwa building





AMD = Active Mass Damper






HMD = Hybrid Mass Damper, TMD = Tuned Mass Damper, AMD = Active Mass Damper





TAD = Tuned Active Damper

















TLD = Tuned Liquid Damper



TSD = Tuned Sloshing Damper

Tuned Liquid Column Damper with Period Adjustment



Tuned Liquid Column Damper with Period Adjustment

Impact Dampers



HCD = Hanging Chain Damper

Impact Dampers



MR Fluid Dampers









Sh M All (SMA)



Shape Memory Alloys (SMA)











Interacting Buildings





















Active Variable Stiffness



Active Control with Tendons













Personal Safety Pod



Personal Safety Pod









Base Isolation (BI)



Base Isolation (BI)





















81

Connecting Steel Plate

Rubber

Internal Steel Plate

Lead Plugs

Lead Plug (provides increased damping)

Rubber

Cover

Steel Plate

Lead Rubber Bearings

Prepared from Dr. Gianmario Benzoni’s SE207 Base Isolation Course Notes at UC San Diego

Steel plates distribute shear forces to the lead core.






Coronado Bridge (San Diego, CA)

Seismic Retrofit of the Coronado Bay Bridge



Lead Rubber Bearings (Base Isolation system), San Diego, CA

Schematic of Seismic Response Modification Deviced(SRMD) Test System



(S ) est Syste

(University of California, San Diego)



UC San Diego SRMD Base Isolator Experiment (Benzoni, Seible)



Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation



Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation


Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation (32 LDRBs and LBRs)





























LDRB = Low Damping Rubber Bearing










NB = Neoprene Bearing (GAPEC System, French kind of a RB


















Friction Pendulum (Sliding System)



110

Articulated

Slider

Self Lubricating

Liner

Cover Housing Plate

Concave

Plate

Windlock

AssemblyStainless Steel OverlayPrepared from Dr. Gianmario Benzoni’s SE207 Base Isolation Course Notes at UC San Diego



Friction Pendulum Base Isolator at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory



Friction Pendulum Base Isolator at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory

SRMD Testing Facility (Benzoni, Seible)







System Integration to prevent un-seating






Rocking of Foudnations



JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING © ASCE / JUNE 2004 / 895

Rocking of Foundations





http://web.mit.edu/istgroup/ist/documents/earthquake/Part5.pdf

Energy Dissipation Devices





Energy Dissipation Devices







Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs)



http://jiano.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/brb_02.jpg

Viscous Dampers








Sacrificial Energy Dissipation Elements





Sacrificial Shear Key

New San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge

Research at UC San Diego to test Sacrificial Shear Key (Uang, Seible)





Research at UC San Diego (Uang, Seible)



Full-scale testing of links at the Powell

Structural Research Laboratory.













g ( g )




Powell Structural Systems

Large Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory



Laboratory

Seismic Repair and Retrofit of BuildingsLarge Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Powell Laboratory



TCCMAR Building Test 1st Story Damage

500 Instruments15 km (50,000 ft) of cables

Large Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Englekirk Center



Shake-Table Large Scale Experimental Research at UC San Diego Englekirk Center Elgamal, Uang. Luco, Conte)

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/FF01_2_22_10_250NRdg.mov%20-%20Shortcut.lnk






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