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DESCRIPTION
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR TOXIC GAS DETECTION USING GSM
Citation preview
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR TOXIC GAS DETECTION USING GSM
TECHNOLOGY
GUIDED BY
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SUBMITTED BY
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Objective
The aim of this project is designing a microcontroller based Toxic gas detector using GAS sensor and human detection using PIR sensor.
Abstract
The detection unit reaches the maximum temperature level and it detects any Toxic gas leakage, it checks any person entering the protected area through PIR sensor, it sends SMS to the user through the GSM modem.
Literature review
[1]. Methane and Carbon Monoxide Gas Detection system based on semiconductor sensor
Cordos, E. Ferenczi, L. Cadar,, S. Pitl, G. Aciu, A. Ghita, A.Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Volume 2, May 2006 Page:208 – 211.
[2]. Detection of toxic gases by a tin oxide multisensor
Baluk, S. Aleixandre, M. Fernandez, M.J. Ares, L.Garcia, M. Santos, IEEE Volume 2, Issue 5, Oct 2002 Page: 387 – 393.
AT89S51 Microcontroller
• The Micro-controller AT89S51 has many
prominent features suitable for such interfacing
and controlling applications.
• They are also suitable for serial port interfacing
which is very much needed for data transfer.
Block diagram
AT89S51
GSM Modem
RS232
PIR Sensor
Power Supply
Gas Detection
AMP Unit
MAX232
Hardware requirements
• Power supply unit.• AT89S51 Microcontroller.• Sensors.
GAS Sensor. PIR Sensor.
• Amplifier unit.• Alarm unit.• MAX232.• RS232.• GSM Modem.
Software requirements
• Keil C compiler.
• Orcad circuit design.
• Embedded C Programming.
Power supply circuit diagram
VCC
D3
5V1
D2 1N400712
- +
D1
DB106
1
2
3
4U3
LM7805C/TO2201 3
2
IN OUT
GN
D
C9
470uF/25V C10
100
uF/1
6V
C110.1uF
D4
LED
R1
330E
JP8
9V DC
121
2
Features of AT89S51
• 4K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) • Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz.• Three-level Program Memory Lock.• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM.• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters.• Six Interrupt Sources.• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.• Watchdog Timer , Dual Data Pointer.
Microcontroller circuit diagram
VCC
VCC
P0_0P0_1P0_2P0_3P0_4P0_5P0_6P0_7P1_7
P1_6
P1_1P1_0
P1_3P1_2
P1_5P1_4
P3_3
P3_0
P3_4
P3_7
P3_5
P3_2
P3_6
P3_1
P2_4
P2_2
P2_7
P2_1
P2_5
P2_3
P2_6
P2_0
R28K2
C2 10
uF
U1
AT89S51
9
1819
20
293031
40
12345678
2122232425262728
1011121314151617
3938373635343332
RST
XTAL2XTAL1
GN
D
PSENALE/PROG
EA/VPP
VC
CP1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7
P2.0/A8P2.1/A9
P2.2/A10P2.3/A11P2.4/A12P2.5/A13P2.6/A14P2.7/A15
P3.0/RXDP3.1/TXDP3.2/INTOP3.3/INT1P3.4/TOP3.5/T1P3.6/WRP3.7/RD
P0.0/AD0P0.1/AD1P0.2/AD2P0.3/AD3P0.4/AD4P0.5/AD5P0.6/AD6P0.7/AD7
X111.0592MHz
C333PF
C433PF
C1
0.1uF
RS
T
Microcontroller Pin Description
• I/O port pinsFour ports are: P0, P1, P2, and P3.Each port uses 8 pins.All I/O pins are bi-directional.
• P1, P2, and P3 have internal pull-up resisters.P1, P2, and P3 are not open drain.
• P0 has no internal pull-up resistors and does not connect to Vcc inside the AT89S51.
• All the ports upon RESET are configured as output.
RST ( pin 9 ): reset• It is an input pin and is active high ( normally
low ) .• The high pulse must be high at least 2 machine
cycles.• It is a power-on reset.
/EA ( pin 31 ): external access• The /EA pin is connected to GND to indicate
the code is stored externally.• /PSEN & ALE are used for external ROM.• For AT89S51, /EA pin is connected to Vcc.• It is an active low pin.
/PSEN ( pin 29 )• This is an output pin and is connected to the OE pin of the ROM.
ALE ( pin 30 )• AT89S51 port 0 provides both address and data.• The ALE pin is used for de-multiplexing the address and data.
XTAL1 (pin 19 ) • Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier.
XTAL2 (pin 18 ) • Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
MQ-5 GAS SENSOR
Features
• Sensitivity: 100ppm to 3000ppm.
• Circuit voltage: 3V to 15V DC.
• Dimension (D x H): 19 x 17mm.
• Heater power consumption: 750mW.
• Temperature range: -20deg. C to +40deg. C.
Advantages
• High sensitivity to LPG, natural and town gas.
• Fast response.
• Stable and long life.
• Simple drive circuit.
LM324-D Amplifier IC
PIR SENSOR
• Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device which measures infrared light radiating from objects in its field of view.
• PIRs are often used in the construction of PIR- based motion detectors.
• Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall.
Features
• Excellent RFI/EMI immunity.
• Delay time is adjustable.
• Simple in structure.
• Intelligent signal processing circuit.
Specifications
• Power Supply : 110V~240V AC
• Dimension : 33x82x86mm(wxdxh)
• Maximum load : 10A
• Working temperature: -20oC~60oC.
• Detection range : 12mts.
• Horizontal/Vertical
detection angle : 1600/3600
Serial port interface
TXD
RXD
VCC
C7
10uF
C510uF
C8 10uF
P1
SERIAL PORT
594837261C6
10uF
U2
MAX-232
138
1110
1345
26
129147
1615
R1INR2INT1INT2IN
C+C1-C2+C2-
V+
V-
R1OUTR2OUTT1OUTT2OUT
VC
CG
ND
RS-232
• In RS-232, the data is sent as a time series of bits.
• Both asynchronous and synchronous transmissions are supported by the standard.
• In addition to the data circuits used to manage the connection between the DTE and DCE, each data or control circuit operates only in one direction.
• It can operate in full duplex manner.
GSM MODEM
• A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network.
• A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem.• The main difference between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
GSM MODEM
GSM Technology
• Used by more than 214 countries.
• Operating bands: 900MHz and 1800MHz.
• Data transfer speed: 9.6Kbps roaming.
• Supports SMS service.
• GSM modem receives and transmits SMS.
Detailed project circuit diagram
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
+9V
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
TXD1
RXD0
RST
TXD0
P0_0
P2_2
P0_0
RXD1
TXD0
PIR IN
RXD0
U1
MAX232
138
1110
1
3
4
5
2
6
129
147
16
15
R1INR2IN
T1INT2IN
C+
C1-
C2+
C2-
V+
V-
R1OUTR2OUT
T1OUTT2OUTV
CC
GN
D
C
R1
SIP
9 1
0k
123456789
C2
0.1uF
R4
1k
C1
10uF
C6
10uF
P1
SE
RIA
L P
OR
T
594837261
C833PF
R7
RE
SIST
OR
VA
R
13
2
C3
10uF
X1
11.0592MHz
Q1BC547
12
3
C4
10uF
R1 1K
LS1
BUZZER
1
2
SW
1R
ST
C5
10uF
U2
AT89S51
9
1819
20
293031
40
12345678
2122232425262728
1011121314151617
3938373635343332
RST
XTAL2XTAL1
GN
D
PSENALE/PROG
EA/VPP
VC
CP1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7
P2.0/A8P2.1/A9
P2.2/A10P2.3/A11P2.4/A12P2.5/A13P2.6/A14P2.7/A15
P3.0/RXDP3.1/TXDP3.2/INTOP3.3/INT1P3.4/TOP3.5/T1P3.6/WRP3.7/RD
P0.0/AD0P0.1/AD1P0.2/AD2P0.3/AD3P0.4/AD4P0.5/AD5P0.6/AD6P0.7/AD7
Q1
BC547
12
3
K1
5V
34
5
68
712
C733PF
R2
8K2
gas sensor
ALARM CIRCUITPORT-GSM MODEM
GND
PIR sensor
+
-
3
21
411
FlowchartStart
Enable Serial Interrupt and Global Interrupt
EA, ES, P1, P0, P2, alarm, pir, gas
Gas==1
serial port initialization
Delay for 1Min
Loop forever
Call Gas Functionj=0
A
B
send[j]!='\0'
SBUF = send[j++]
Delay for 1Min
send[j]=='\0'
Delay for 1Min
SBUF = 0x0D
Delay for 1Min
k=0
message2[k]!='\0'
B
C D
C
SBUF = 0x1A
Delay for 1Min
gas=0
pir==0
Call pir_send()
pir=1, x=0
A
SBUF = message2[k++];
Delay for 1Min
D
Snapshot of the project
Advantages
• Fast response.
• Accurate detection.
Applications
For detection of Toxic gas leakage in
• Industry.
• Automobiles.
• Hospitals.
• Home.
Future scope
• High definition web camera can be interfaced.
• Temperature sensor can be added with the existing module.
• Controlling of the remote devices can be done.
ConclusionThe project “Intelligent system for toxic
gas detection using GSM technology” has been designed and fabricated into a demo unit and tested and found successful. For the demo purpose, the system detects butane and propane gases. Thus, the system can detect toxic gases and sends SMS to the user. It is also designed to detect human presence by using PIR sensor.
By implementing this project “Toxic Gas” leakage can be detected and human lives can be saved.
Thank you
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