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Introduction to Communication
What is Communication? � Communication: the process of sending and receiving
messages whether deliberate or not. � Can be verbal (spoken) � Can be nonverbal (visual)
� Oratory/Rhetoric: the art and study of public speaking � Orator: a person who uses words and communication
effectively
The Communication Process Who/What is involved?
� Sender: starts the process, sends a message � Message: words, body language, and symbols that convey
an idea or thought � Receiver: intercepts and interprets the message, sends back
feedback � Feedback: words, body language, symbols that respond to
original message
Breaking down the process � Encode : The process of changing ideas/thoughts into a
message � Decode : The process of converting the message back into
information that can be understood
Communication Cycle
Sender Receiver
Message
Feedback
Noise/Barrier/Obstacle
Encode Decode
Encode Decode
Noise- an obstacle that gets in the way of effective communication
� Internal noise: inside the brain- psychological, intellectual ability, or personal physical condition � Examples: making decisions, thinking about
being too hot/cold, not understanding
� External noise: caused by environment � Examples: bell ringing, tapping of
pencil, siren
� Environment/Context: the setting where communication is taking place � Different contexts and environments change communication and
actions
Types of Human Communication
Interpersonal Communication: communication between two or more people
Intrapersonal Communication: communication with yourself
Examples: making a decision, thinking
Example: conversation with a friend
Types of Human Communication Group Communication: communication among limited
number who have a specific purpose (share info, develop ideas, solve problems, etc.)
Mass Communication: communication to a broad audience with the purpose to entertain, inform and/or persuade
Examples: a meeting, a group project
Example: mass media- TV, radio, internet
Aristotle � A famous ancient (384-322 B.C) Greek philosopher, scientist,
and orator
� Created the “Three Appeals”-used to create a more appealing speech for the audience (or a paper for the reader)
The 3 Appeals � Ethos- ethical appeal
� Credibility of the author and material: respectable, knowledgeable, trustworthy
� Logos- logical appeal � Evidence provided: facts, statistics, clear ideas
� Pathos- emotional appeal � Appealing to audience’s emotions: stories/examples,
language choice, details
ALL 3 MUST BE USED TOGETHER!
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