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Invertebrates. Chapter 29 and 30 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms, mollusks, annelids. Animal Kingdom Characteristics. - multicellular - eukaryotic - heterotrophs - movement - tissues . - Bilateral Symmetry- equal halves in one direction . Body Plans. Radial Symmetry. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Invertebrates
Chapter 29 and 30Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms, mollusks, annelids
Animal Kingdom Characteristics
- multicellular- eukaryotic- heterotrophs- movement- tissues
Body Plans
- Bilateral Symmetry- equal halves in one direction
Radial Symmetry
• - 360 degrees; equal halves
- Asymmetry- cannot cut in equal halves
Body Development - Ectoderm- outside body layer- skin and hair- Endoderm- inside body layer- digestive tract
- Mesoderm-middle layer- muscles,
blood and organs
- Types of Body Cavities:
1. Coelom- true body cavity- surrounded by mesoderm
-2. Pseudocoelom- false cavity- between mesoderm and endoderm
3. Acoelomate
No body cavity.
Let’s Review.
What type of symmetry is this?
What type of symmetry?
Symmetry?
- Vertebrates- animals with backbones
- fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
- Invertebrates- animals without backbones
- sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, worms, echinoderms, arthropods
Sponges: Phylum PoriferaAsymmetrical – no symmetryNo tissues or organs (cells work together to perform a specific function2 body layers: endo-, ecto-Sessile – do not moveVariety of shapes and colorsAcoelemate – no body cavity
Digestion of sponges
Sponges are consumersFeed on bacteria, algae, protozoans (filter feeders)
Sponge digestion continued:
Reproduction
Either sexual or asexualAsexual- fragmentation- each piece of sponge will grow into a complete new spongeSexual- hermaphrodite- produce both eggs and sperm- release into water at different times-sperm from one enters pores of other to fertilize eggs- External fertilization
Reproduction continued
Produces a zygote- free swimming larvae for a short time- attaches to surface- new sponge
Cnidarians- the stingersCoral
Characteristics of Cnidarians
Two Types: Polyp – sessile, tube-like
with tentacles ex. Coarl, sea anemone
Medusa – free swimming, umbrella shaped
Jellyfish
Has tissues – ecto-, endo-Nematocysts – stinging cells on tentaclesRadial symmetryacoelamate
B
How Cnidarians Get O2?
Diffusion
Have nervous tissue.
Reproduction
Asexual- budding- small extensions of body grow and then breaks away from parent
Sexual-some species are hermaphrodites Others, female releases egg and male releases
sperm into water- External fertilization
Jelly fish
Sea anemone
Coral reef
Coral reefs
Structure See diagram – oldest
part is deeper. Newest is toward the top.
Live symbiotically with unicellular yellow brown algae- zooxanthellae
Benefit of Symbiotic Relationship:Coral gets:food
(coral can also capture food with tentacles)Algae gets:
Protection and access to sunlight
Coral Bleaching
When coral ejects it’s algae- coral turns whiteCoral doesn’t get enough food- dies
Coral bleaching due to:
DiseasesIncreased Ultra violet radiationSedimentationPollutionIncreased water temperaturesDirect destruction by humans- anchors, touching while diving
Bleached coral
Flatworms
AcoelomateBilateral symmetry
Platyhelminthes – flatworms
Characteristics of flatworms:
Can be parasitic, or free living 1 body openingHermaphrodites or asexual reproduction by regeneration: breaking in 2, and each becomes a new organism Get O2 through skin- diffusion
Tapeworm
Body Two parts: Scolex – head Proglottids – body
sectionsAttach to inside of intestinesParasiteEx. Beef tapeworm: become infected by eating raw beef.
Getting Beef tapeworm:
Blood fluke - causes Schitomiasis
Planeria
Eyespots- light Pharynx- extends like a straw, releases enzymes- breaks down food , sucks it upSensory pits on side of head, detect food, chemicals, and movement Ability to regenerate
planeria
29-4 Roundworms
PseudocoelumTube within a tube body2 body openingsMove in a side to side mannerparasites
Ex. Ascaris - hookworm
Carried through human waste to soilIf ingested eggs enter large intestine – becomes larvaeLarvae bore through blood vesselsBack to the intestine to mate
Ascaris in pig intestine
Trichinella – pork roundworm
Causes TrichinosisEating improperly cooked pork
Mollusks and Annelids
Chapter 30
Mollusks
Characteristics Invertebrates Larval stage Marine, freshwater,
terristrial coelomates
Mollusks have 3 parts to body:
Visceral mass – contains organsMantle – tissue around visceral mass (secretes a shell)Foot - locomotion
Other Mollusk characteristics:
Exoskeleton Sometimes called a
valveOuter skeleton
•Radula
(not in bivalves)Tongue-like structure
Organ systems of mollusks:
Excretory – get rid of waste:Open Circulatory System –heart pumps fluid through a series of vessels out into body cavity
Organ Systems of Mollusks
Reproduction – most have separate sexes, external fertilizationRespiration – use gills
30-2 Groups of Mollusks
Bivalves – “two valves”Valves held together by strong musclesNo radulaFilter feedersExamples: clams, oysters, scallops
Bivalve Photos
Gastropods
Examples are snails and slugsSingle shell or noneUse radula to scrape food off of rocks etcLand snails – hermaphrodites, aquatic snails – separate sexesHerbivoresGills or lungs?
Cephalopods – “head footed”
Examples: squid, octopusLarge head with tentaclesEyesMarine predators (consumers)Ink sac – for protectionInternal shell – penBrain present – complexSkin can change colorgills
Phylum Annelida
Segmented wormsExamples: earthworms, leeches, sandwormsSegmented bodyCoelum Bilateral symmetryAbundant in all habitats
Organ Systems in Segmented Worms
Closed circulatory systemExcretory system – nephridiaBreath through skinBristles – setaeReproduction – hermaphrodites
Digestion of Earthworm
Pathway of food: Pharynx – soil enters Esophagus - Crop-storage Gizzard- muscular for
grinding soil Intestines – absorption anus
Groups of Annelids
Marine segmented worms
Leeches
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